native americans 1815-1848
Post on 23-Feb-2016
82 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
NATIVE AMERICANS1815-1848
Philly Krebs and Nicholas Scanlan
BEFORE 1815 Jefferson starts the policy of “Assimilation”, yet
doesn’t believe that both Native Americans and the US can live peacefully in the same world
Assimilation-Policy of integrating a smaller culture into the dominant one
Tribes of the Ohio Valley unite under leadership of Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh, try to stand up to white settlers but are defeated
Creek Indians try to resist and their warriors are defeated by Andrew Jackson’s militia at Horseshoe Bend
THE “FIVE CIVILIZED NATIONS” Southern Native American tribes in
modern day Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Florida
Chickasaw, Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek and Seminole
Population totaled about 60,000 Referred to as “Civilized” because they
adopted many aspects of the white, U.S. society
MAP OF THE SOUTHERN TRIBES
THE CHEROKEE Cherokee are largest of the five Of all Tribes Cherokee adopt U.S. society the most Shift from traditional matriarchal, combined hunting
and farming to a highly Agrarian Americanized society
Even adopt slavery and white racism, even pass multiple laws against blacks, about 8% owned slaves
Sequoyah invents the written Cherokee language Cherokee have high levels of education and
economic success Cherokee create highly US modeled Constitution
HOWE ON THE CHEROKEE“The half century following 1785 might be called
the golden age of the Cherokee nation. As defined by 1819, the Nation occupied…gathering. Trade with whites flourished and permanent towns grew up. Decades of evolution in the direction of more centralized and formalized political institutions reached their climax with the adoption of a written constitution for the nation in 1827. In these and other ways, the Cherokees showed an ability to synthesize elements borrowed from Western Civilization with their native culture.” (Howe, 343).
ANDREW JACKSON Pro Indian removal This belief helped him get elected
Southern states like Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi wanted him to move quickly
During time in office tried to get the Five Nations into new areas west of Mississippi like the Oklahoma Territory
BEFORE JACKSONS INAUGURATION Georgia made Cherokee inside Georgia
state borders under state laws Mississippi and Alabama put Native
Americans under state law who lived within state borders
Broke many treaties and against parts of the constitution
Constitution said federal government had jurisdiction over Indian affairs
FIVE NATIONS MAKE A LAST STAND Many of the nations tried to assimilate
into modern culture Some ceded land in hopes of retaining
a portion or getting new territory In the end most end up moving west of
the Mississippi River
CHEROKEE Took a diplomatic stand Declared themselves a sovereign
nation In former treaties Indians had been
called sovereign nations to be able to legally give the government land
The Cherokee were able to get the case to the Supreme Court but it went against them
SEMINOLE WARS 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
2nd was the biggest and lasted from 1835-1842
Jackson spent 40-60 million dollars on the war
Seminoles used runaway slaves to help fight
At the end most of Seminoles were moved to lands beyond the Mississippi
TRAIL OF TEARS 15,000- 16,000 Cherokee forced by the
US government, while under military supervision, to walk to present day Oklahoma and give up land East of the Mississippi River
4,000 Cherokee died Andrew Jackson made the order but
Van Buren was president when the forced march occurred
WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT “Starting in May 1838, the majority of the tribe were
rounded up by the U.S. Army and sent to detention camps to await Removal; others fled to neighboring states. Widespread bloodshed at this point was averted by the moderation and good sense of Chief Ross and General Winfield Scott.10 But incompetence, indifference, and policy disagreements among civilian authorities had frustrated the efforts of General John Ellis Wool to prepare properly for the massive evacuation. Conditions in the unsanitary detention camps and the harsh weather along the notorious “Trail of Tears” westward in the fall and winter of 1838–39 led to a tragically high death rate”(Howe 416).
BIBLIOGRAPHY Public Broadcasting Service. N.p., n.d.
Web. 10 Nov. 2010
top related