national workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 november, 2011. thalath,...
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National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Environmental Issues in the Mekong Region
Chavalit VidthayanonSenior Aquatic Ecology Specialist
Environment Program, MRCS
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Objective: Management and Development in the Lower Mekong Basin is guided by up to date environmental and social knowledge and efficient environmental management cooperation mechanisms
Outcomes Monitoring, assessment and
reporting Environmental management
mechanisms Response to emerging
environmental issues Capacity building, awareness
raising and partnerships
Environment Programme Environment Programme
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDRMRC Roadmap for MRC Roadmap for
Environment MonitoringEnvironment MonitoringMRC Roadmap for MRC Roadmap for
Environment MonitoringEnvironment Monitoring
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010-15
Design of activities Develop and test methods Implement on activities Dissemination
2004-07: Testing of biological metrics
2003: Selection of biological groupsBenthic diatoms; Zooplankton; Littoral macroinvertebrates; Benthic macroinvertebrates
2007: Site evaluation using biological metrics
2008: Data collection
2009: Data analysis and reporting
2010: publishing methods handbook, identification books and educational materials on biomonitoring
2010: National Teams continue biomonitoring activities
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Ecosystem Health Monitoring (EHM) 2011 41 sampling sites in the Lower Mekong Basin
Environmental variable monitoring
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
EHM 2011 Bioindicators
Zooplankton
Benthic invertebrates
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Littoral invertebrates
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Benthic Diatom
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDRDisseminationDisseminationDisseminationDissemination 2010: National Teams continue biomonitoring activities 2011: Publishing
– Handbook of Biomonitoring in the Lower Mekong (including national dissemination workshop)
– Macroinvertebrate reference collections for NMCs and MRCS– Identification books for diatom and zooplankton
2011: National biomonitoring survey
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Concept and RoadmapConcept and Roadmapfor knowledge transfer for knowledge transfer Concept and RoadmapConcept and Roadmapfor knowledge transfer for knowledge transfer
Target stakeholders whose knowledge should be transferred; – National line agencies– University and research institutions– School and children– Local people at sites– Non-Government Organizations/ Non-Profit
Organizations – Volunteers
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Results of Mekong Water Quality (2010-2011)Results of Mekong Water Quality (2010-2011)
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Class A (Excellent)
Class B (Good)
Class C (Moderate)
Class D (Poor)
EHM 2011 Results
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Geography of the Mekong basin
Seasonal flooding areas
Mekong water fed by Himalayan snow and tropical monsoon
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR Biophysical
features of the Mekong basin
Annual Precipitation (rainfalls)
Forests and Land-use
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR Biodiversity
Hotspot in LMB
Biodiversity Hotspot/ important wetlandTrans-boundary Biodiversity Hotspot
Khone Fall-Kratie
Pha taem-Phu Xiangthong
Tonle Sap/ Great Lake system
Kut ting-Bung Khong Long
Chiangsaen-Bo Kaew
Xe Kong, Xe Pian
Southern Cambodian Mekong-The Delta
Srepok basin
Lower Songkram basin
U Minh-Tram Chim-Lang Sen
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR Mekong basin: one of Global
Freshwater Fish and shellfish Biodiversity Hotspots and Endemism Areas
World Atlas of Biodiversity (2002)
At least 1118 fish species with 305 only in the Mekong basin
200 crabs and shrimps
>130 species snails, clams
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
From So Nam and Eric Baran, FISH AND FISHERIES OF TONLE SAP GREAT LAKE, CAMBODIA. Sustaining Fisheries Diversity, Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Mekong Basin Ubon Ratchathani University 03-05th September
From 46 families
Ca. 10 families, most species are Cichlids
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR การอพยพของปลา ในน �าโขง
Fish Migrations
พค-มิ�ย
กค-ตค
ข��น
ลง
More than 300 species are Migratory both short and long distant
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Kratie-Stung Treng Freshwater Ecoregion
Turbid torrent river
Clear rocky streams and islands
ปลาขาว White fishes
Grey fishes
ฤดู�กาลที่��แตกต�าง Seasonal Habitat Switching
Riverine benthic
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR Biotic Key
Environmental Asset (KEA) of LMB
Fish & shellfishReptiles/amphibian Flora/vegetation
Odonata (dragon-damsel flies
Alien species
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Utilization• Meat• Hides• Feedmeal for crocodile farms
• Exported to China (whole)Thailand (hides)
Exploited ~7,000,000 water snakes of 10 species annually, from the Cambodian Great Lake to the Delta (from Brook, Allison & Reynolds, 2007)
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Water plants ; useful for food, livestock feed, medicine, tools and handicraft
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDROver 250
Fishing gears/methods within the Mekong Basinwide
Ethno-Diversity
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR Riverine Indicator
Sensitive specieslarger spp.Long migratory spp.
Tolerant/small and Alien species
Fishing impact
Ecological impact
Sentinel species
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Dominate replacement of farm/alien species indicate degradations of the habitats: as well as abandon of local fishing gears/ knowledge
Indicators from Local Livelihoods
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Sources of stressSources of stressSources of stressSources of stress
Stress sources identified by the grey literature review include:
Unsustainable practices (eg. overfishing, habitat destruction)
Demographic pressures (eg. population growth)
Conversion of land to other uses
Pollution and water quality and quantity (eg. use of pesticide in some cases, drying up of some small stream in the dry season)
Natural variability (eg. floods, droughts)
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDRภาวะค!กคามิภาวะค!กคามิ Threats to the MekongThreats to the Mekong BiodiversityBiodiversityภาวะค!กคามิภาวะค!กคามิ Threats to the MekongThreats to the Mekong BiodiversityBiodiversity
0 50 100 150 200 250
Other Types
Pollution
Natural Disasters
Invasive AlienSpecies
Intrinsic Factors
Human Disturbance
Harvesting
Habitat Loss /Degradation
Th
reat
Number of Species
Past & PresentFuture
Modified from Mala Ram, 2008SRLI Freshwater FishInstitute of Zoology, Zoological Society of
London
Habitat loss
การจั#บมิากปลาเก�น Overfishing
สั#ตว'- พ(ชต�างถิ่��น Invasive Alien
ภ�มิ�อากาศเปล��ยนแปลง Climate Change
National Workshop on wetland inventory framework and methodology 16 November, 2011. Thalath, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Arrow-shape fence trap in Tole Sap lake
Gigantic scale fisheries
From So Nam and Eric Baran, FISH AND FISHERIES OF TONLE SAP GREAT LAKE, CAMBODIA. Sustaining Fisheries Diversity, Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Mekong Basin Ubon Ratchathani University 03-05th September
Thanks for your coming
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