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Cronología de Lanzamientos Espaciales
Año 1975 Recopilación de datos Ing. Eladio Miranda Batlle. Los textos, imágenes y tablas fueron obtenidos de la National Space Science. Data Center. NASA
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=BF42196878E66700973FCBB7D762704F[27/08/2010 22:55:36]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Spacecraft Query Results
There were 166 spacecraft returned.
Spacecraft Name NSSDC ID Launch Date
AE-D 1975-096A 1975-10-06
AE-E 1975-107A 1975-11-20
Anik A3 1975-038A 1975-05-07
Aryabhata 1975-033A 1975-04-19
ASTP-Apollo 1975-066A 1975-07-15
ASTP-Soyuz 1975-065A 1975-07-15
Bion 3 1975-110A 1975-11-25
Canyon 6 1975-055A 1975-06-18
COS-B 1975-072A 1975-08-09
Cosmos 702 1975-002A 1975-01-17
Cosmos 703 1975-003A 1975-01-21
Cosmos 704 1975-005A 1975-01-23
Cosmos 705 1975-006A 1975-01-28
Cosmos 706 1975-007A 1975-01-30
Cosmos 707 1975-008A 1975-02-05
Cosmos 708 1975-012A 1975-02-12
Cosmos 709 1975-013A 1975-02-12
Cosmos 710 1975-015A 1975-02-26
Cosmos 711 1975-016A 1975-02-28
Cosmos 712 1975-016B 1975-02-28
Cosmos 713 1975-016C 1975-02-28
Cosmos 714 1975-016D 1975-02-28
Cosmos 715 1975-016E 1975-02-28
Cosmos 716 1975-016F 1975-02-28
Cosmos 717 1975-016G 1975-02-28
Cosmos 718 1975-016H 1975-02-28
Cosmos 719 1975-018A 1975-03-12
Cosmos 720 1975-019A 1975-03-21
Cosmos 721 1975-020A 1975-03-26
Cosmos 722 1975-021A 1975-03-27
Cosmos 723 1975-024A 1975-04-02
Cosmos 724 1975-025A 1975-04-07
Cosmos 725 1975-026A 1975-04-08
Cosmos 726 1975-028A 1975-04-11
Cosmos 727 1975-030A 1975-04-16
Cosmos 728 1975-031A 1975-04-18
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=BF42196878E66700973FCBB7D762704F[27/08/2010 22:55:36]
Cosmos 729 1975-034A 1975-04-22
Cosmos 730 1975-035A 1975-04-24
Cosmos 731 1975-041A 1975-05-21
Cosmos 732 1975-045A 1975-05-28
Cosmos 733 1975-045B 1975-05-28
Cosmos 734 1975-045C 1975-05-28
Cosmos 735 1975-045D 1975-05-28
Cosmos 736 1975-045E 1975-05-28
Cosmos 737 1975-045F 1975-05-28
Cosmos 738 1975-045G 1975-05-28
Cosmos 739 1975-045H 1975-05-28
Cosmos 740 1975-046A 1975-05-28
Cosmos 741 1975-047A 1975-05-30
Cosmos 742 1975-048A 1975-06-03
Cosmos 743 1975-053A 1975-06-12
Cosmos 744 1975-056A 1975-06-20
Cosmos 745 1975-058A 1975-06-24
Cosmos 746 1975-059A 1975-06-25
Cosmos 747 1975-060A 1975-06-27
Cosmos 748 1975-061A 1975-07-03
Cosmos 749 1975-062A 1975-07-04
Cosmos 750 1975-067A 1975-07-17
Cosmos 751 1975-068A 1975-07-23
Cosmos 752 1975-069A 1975-07-24
Cosmos 753 1975-071A 1975-07-31
Cosmos 754 1975-073A 1975-08-13
Cosmos 755 1975-074A 1975-08-14
Cosmos 756 1975-076A 1975-08-22
Cosmos 757 1975-078A 1975-08-27
Cosmos 758 1975-080A 1975-09-05
Cosmos 759 1975-084A 1975-09-12
Cosmos 760 1975-085A 1975-09-16
Cosmos 761 1975-086A 1975-09-17
Cosmos 762 1975-086B 1975-09-17
Cosmos 763 1975-086C 1975-09-17
Cosmos 764 1975-086D 1975-09-17
Cosmos 765 1975-086E 1975-09-17
Cosmos 766 1975-086F 1975-09-17
Cosmos 767 1975-086G 1975-09-17
Cosmos 768 1975-086H 1975-09-17
Cosmos 769 1975-088A 1975-09-23
Cosmos 770 1975-089A 1975-09-24
Cosmos 771 1975-090A 1975-09-25
Cosmos 772 1975-093A 1975-09-29
Cosmos 773 1975-094A 1975-09-30
Cosmos 774 1975-095A 1975-10-01
Cosmos 775 1975-097A 1975-10-08
Cosmos 776 1975-101A 1975-10-17
Cosmos 777 1975-102A 1975-10-29
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=BF42196878E66700973FCBB7D762704F[27/08/2010 22:55:36]
Cosmos 778 1975-103A 1975-11-04
Cosmos 779 1975-104A 1975-11-04
Cosmos 780 1975-108A 1975-11-21
Cosmos 781 1975-109A 1975-11-21
Cosmos 783 1975-112A 1975-11-28
Cosmos 784 1975-113A 1975-12-03
Cosmos 785 1975-116A 1975-12-12
Cosmos 786 1975-120A 1975-12-16
D2B 1975-092A 1975-09-27
D5-A 1975-039A 1975-05-17
D5-B 1975-039B 1975-05-17
DADE-A DADE-A 1975-12-05
DADE-B DADE-B 1975-12-05
DIAPO DIAPO 1975-12-01
DMSP 5C/F2 1975-043A 1975-05-24
DSCS II-05 1975-040A 1975-05-20
DSCS II-06 1975-040B 1975-05-20
DUAL-A DUAL-A 1975-08-01
DUAL-A1 DUAL-A1 1975-08-01
ETS 1975-082A 1975-09-09
GEOS 3 1975-027A 1975-04-09
GOES 1 1975-100A 1975-10-16
HOMS HOMS 1975-08-01
IMEWS 5 1975-118A 1975-12-14
INTELSAT 4 F-1 1975-042A 1975-05-22
INTELSAT 4A F-1 1975-091A 1975-09-26
Intercosmos 13 1975-022A 1975-03-27
Intercosmos 14 1975-115A 1975-12-11
ISIS-C ISIS-C 1975-08-01
Jumpseat 3 1975-017A 1975-03-10
KH 8-44 1975-032A 1975-04-18
KH 8-45 1975-098A 1975-10-09
KH 9-10 1975-051A 1975-06-08
KH 9-11 1975-114A 1975-12-04
Landsat 2 1975-004A 1975-01-22
Meteor 1-21 1975-023A 1975-04-01
Meteor 1-22 1975-087A 1975-09-18
Meteor 1-23 1975-124A 1975-12-25
Meteor 2-1 1975-064A 1975-07-11
Molniya 1-29 1975-036A 1975-04-29
Molniya 1-30 1975-049A 1975-06-05
Molniya 1-31 1975-079A 1975-09-02
Molniya 2-12 1975-009A 1975-02-06
Molniya 2-13 1975-063A 1975-07-08
Molniya 2-14 1975-081A 1975-09-09
Molniya 2-15 1975-121A 1975-12-17
Molniya 3- 2 1975-029A 1975-04-14
Molniya 3- 3 1975-105A 1975-11-14
Molniya 3- 4 1975-125A 1975-12-27
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=BF42196878E66700973FCBB7D762704F[27/08/2010 22:55:36]
NEMS NEMS 1975-08-01
Nimbus 6 1975-052A 1975-06-12
OSO 8 1975-057A 1975-06-21
PRC 3 1975-070A 1975-07-26
PRC 4 1975-111A 1975-11-26
PRC 5 1975-119A 1975-12-16
Prognoz 4 1975-122A 1975-12-22
Raduga 1 1975-123A 1975-12-22
RCA-SATCOM 1 1975-117A 1975-12-13
RM 20 RM20 1975-04-12
S3-2 1975-114B 1975-12-03
S75-1 SS75-1A 1975-11-01
SAS-C 1975-037A 1975-05-07
Sirio-B SIRIO-B 1975-01-01
SMS 2 1975-011A 1975-02-06
Soyuz 17 1975-001A 1975-01-11
Soyuz 18 1975-044A 1975-05-24
Soyuz 20 1975-106A 1975-11-17
SRET 2 1975-049B 1975-06-05
SSU 1/1 1975-051C 1975-06-08
Starlette 1975-010A 1975-02-06
Symphonie 2 1975-077A 1975-08-27
Taiyo 1975-014A 1975-02-24
TIP 2 1975-099A 1975-10-12
Venera 9 1975-050A 1975-06-08
Venera 9 Descent Craft 1975-050D 1975-06-08
Venera 10 1975-054A 1975-06-14
Venera 10 Descent Craft 1975-054D 1975-06-14
Viking 1 Lander 1975-075C 1975-08-20
Viking 1 Orbiter 1975-075A 1975-08-20
Viking 2 Lander 1975-083C 1975-09-09
Viking 2 Orbiter 1975-083A 1975-09-09
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-096A[27/08/2010 23:06:38]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Description
The purpose of the AE-D mission was to continue theinvestigation begun by AE-C of the chemical processes andenergy transfer mechanisms that control the structure andbehavior of the earth's atmosphere and ionosphere in theregion of high absorption of solar energy. This mission wasplanned to sample the high latitude regions at the same timethat the AE-E mission was sampling the equatorial and lowlatitude regions. The same type of spacecraft as AE-C wasused, and the payload consisted of the same types ofinstruments except for deletion of the extreme solar UVmonitor and the Bennett ion mass spectrometer, which werepart of the AE-E payload. The polar orbit provided thesampling of all latitudes and the perigee moved through alllatitudes in 3 months and all local times in 4 months.Unfortunately, a failure in the solar power panels resulted in thetermination of operations on January 29, 1976, after slightlyless than 4 months of useful life. However, all the regions atthe perigee altitudes were sampled during this time. Thespacecraft re-entered the atmosphere about 1 month aftercessation of telemetry. To continue the correlated observationswith the AE-E mission, AE-C was reactivated on February 28,1976, to replace AE-D. More details can be found in A.Dalgarno et al., Radio Sci., v. 8, n. 4, p. 263, 1973.
AE-D
NSSDC ID: 1975-096A
Alternate Names
Explorer 54
Atmosphere Explorer-D
08353
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-10-06Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 681.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Disciplines
Engineering
Earth Science
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for AE-D
Experiments on AE-D
Data collections from AE-D
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-096A[27/08/2010 23:06:38]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Frank W. Gaetano Program Manager NASA Headquarters
Mr. David W. Grimes Project Manager NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. Nelson W. Spencer Project Scientist NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. Erwin R.Schmerling
Program Scientist NASA Headquarters
Other AE Data/Information at NSSDC
AE-AAE-BAE-CAE-DAE-E
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-107A[27/08/2010 23:07:33]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Description
The purpose of the AE-E mission was to investigate thechemical processes and energy transfer mechanisms thatcontrol the structure and behavior of the earth's atmosphereand ionosphere in the region of high absorption of solar energyat low and equatorial latitudes. The simultaneous sampling athigher latitudes was carried out by the AE-D spacecraft until itsfailure on January 29, 1976, and then by AE-C, until itreentered on December 12, 1978. The same type of spacecraftas AE-C was used, and the payload consisted of the sametypes of instruments except that the low-energy electron andUV nitric oxide experiments were deleted and a backscatterUV spectrometer was added to monitor the ozone content ofthe atmosphere. The two experiments that were deleted weremore appropriate for the high-latitude regions. The perigeeswept through more than six full latitude cycles and two localtime cycles during the first year after launch when the orbit waselliptical and the perigee height was varied between 130 and400 km. The circularization of the orbit around 390 km wasmade on November 20, 1976 and the spacecraft was raised tothis height whenever it would decay to about 250 km. AE-Ereentered on June 10, 1981. More details can be found in A.Dalgarno et al., Radio Sci., v. 8, n. 4, p. 263, 1973.
AE-E
NSSDC ID: 1975-107A
Alternate Names
Explorer 55
AE 5
Atmosphere Explorer-E
08440
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-11-20Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 735.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for AE-E
Experiments on AE-E
Data collections from AE-E
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.
Personnel
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-107A[27/08/2010 23:07:33]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Herbert B. Chisholm ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Mr. J. Patrick Corrigan,III
Project Manager NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter
Dr. Nelson W. Spencer Project Scientist NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter
Dr. Erwin R. Schmerling ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters
Other AE Data/Information at NSSDC
AE-AAE-BAE-CAE-DAE-E
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-038A[27/08/2010 23:08:12]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Description
Telesat 3 (Anik A3) was the third domestic communicationssatellite launched by NASA from Cape Canaveral for theCanadian company Telesat. It weighed approximately 281 kgin a geostationary orbit with an anticipated life of seven years.It was about 1.83 m in diameter and 3.35 m high. The satellitecommunications system provided for 12 RF channels, two ofwhich were protection channels for the 10 traffic carryingchannels. Up-link transmission was the 5.925- to 6.425-gHzband, and the down-link operated in the 3.7- to 4.2-gHz band.Telemetry, tracking, and command functions required forsatellite station keeping and positioning were also provided inthose frequency bands.
Anik A3
NSSDC ID: 1975-038A
Alternate Names
Telesat-C
Anik-C
Telesat 3
Anik 3
07790
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-07Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 286.0 kg
Funding Agencies
Telesat Canada Ltd.,Ottawa (Canada)
NASA-Office ofApplications (UnitedStates)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Anik A3
Experiments on Anik A3
Data collections from AnikA3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-033A[27/08/2010 23:08:32]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Description
This spacecraft, named after the famous Indian astronomer,was India's first satellite and was completely designed andfabricated in India. It was launched by a Soviet rocket from aSoviet cosmodrome. The spacecraft was quasispherical inshape containing 26 sides and contained three experiments forthe measurement of cosmic X rays, solar neutrons, andGamma rays, and an ionospheric electron trap along with a UVsensor. The spacecraft weighed 360 kg, used solar panels on24 sides to provide 46 watts of power, used a passive thermalcontrol system, contained batteries, and a spin-up gas jetsystem to provide a spin rate of not more than 90 rpm. Therewas a set of altitude sensors comprised of a triaxialmagnetometer, a digital elevation solar sensor, and fourazimuth solar sensors. The data system included a taperecorder at 256 b/s with playback at 10 times that rate. ThePCM-FM-PM telemetry system operated at 137.44 MHz. Thenecessary ground telemetry and telecommand stations wereestablished at Shar Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
Aryabhata
NSSDC ID: 1975-033A
Alternate Names
Indian Scientific Sat
Ariabat
07752
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-19LaunchVehicle: Intercosmos II,RussiaLaunch Site: KapustinYar, IndiaMass: 360.0 kg
Funding Agencies
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Indian Space ResearchOrganization (India)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Aryabhata
Experiments on Aryabhata
Data collections fromAryabhata
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-033A[27/08/2010 23:08:32]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Prof. Udipi RamachandraRao
ProjectDirector
ISRO Satellite Center urrao_isro@hotmail.com
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-066A[27/08/2010 23:08:58]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Description
The United States and the U.S.S.R. launched an Apollospacecraft and a Soyuz spacecraft, respectively, as a jointeffort called the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). The Soyuzspacecraft was launched first, with a two-man crew whomaneuvered their spacecraft into a docking orbit. The Apollospacecraft was launched 7-1/2 h later, with a three-man crewwho placed their spacecraft into a proper configuration fordocking with the Soyuz spacecraft. The docking of the twospacecraft occurred on the third day. After docking, crewtransfers took place, with the Apollo crew first visiting theSoyuz. The combined Apollo-Soyuz crews performed jointexperiments and presented radio and TV reports. After jointexperiments were completed, the spacecraft disengaged andeach continued its separate mission.
ASTP-Apollo
NSSDC ID: 1975-066A
Alternate Names
Soyuz Apollo
Apollo-Soyuz Test Proj.
08032
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-07-15Launch Vehicle: Saturn1BLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 14856.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of MannedSpace Flight (UnitedStates)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Engineering
Earth Science
Human Crew
Life Science
Microgravity
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for ASTP-Apollo
Experiments on ASTP-Apollo
Data collections fromASTP-Apollo
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
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New/Updated Data
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ASTP-Apollo
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-066A[27/08/2010 23:08:58]
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Chester M. Lee Project Manager NASA Headquarters
Mr. R. Thomas Giuli Program Scientist NASA Johnson Space Center
ASTP Soyuz PageThe Partnership: A History of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project - Online BookApollo Home PageMoon Home Page
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-065A[27/08/2010 23:09:23]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Description
The United States and the U.S.S.R. launched an Apollospacecraft and a Soyuz spacecraft, respectively, as a jointeffort called the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). The Soyuzspacecraft was launched first, with a two-man crew whomaneuvered their spacecraft into a docking orbit. The Apollospacecraft was launched 7-1/2 h later, with a three-man crewwho placed their spacecraft into a proper configuration fordocking with the Soyuz spacecraft. The docking of the twospacecraft occurred on the third day. After docking, crewtransfers took place, with the Apollo crew first visiting theSoyuz. The combined Apollo-Soyuz crews performed jointexperiments and presented radio and TV reports. After jointexperiments were completed, the spacecraft disengaged andeach continued its separate mission.
ASTP-Soyuz
NSSDC ID: 1975-065A
Alternate Names
Apollo-Soyuz Test Proj.
Soyuz 19
Soyuz Apollo
08030
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-07-15LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6800.0 kg
Funding Agency
Soviet Academy ofSciences (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Human Crew
Life Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for ASTP-Soyuz
Experiments on ASTP-Soyuz
Data collections fromASTP-Soyuz
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft can
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
ASTP-Soyuz
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-065A[27/08/2010 23:09:23]
be directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Y. K. Khodarev Program Scientist Soviet Academy of Sciences
ASTP Apollo PageThe Partnership: A History of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project - Online BookApollo Home PageMoon Home Page
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-110A[27/08/2010 23:09:44]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Description
Bion 3 (Cosmos 782) was the first joint U.S.-Soviet biomedicalresearch flight. It carried fourteen experiments prepared byseven countries in all. It included a centrifuge with revolvingand fixed sections in which identical groups of animals, plants,and cells could be compared. The subject animals includedwhite rats and tortoises. The effects of aging on fruit fly liversand plant tissues with grafted cancerous growths were alsostudied. The mission ended after 19.5 days.
The spacecraft was based on the Zenit reconnaissancesatellite and launches began in 1973 with primary emphasis onthe problems of radiation effects on human beings. Launchesin the program included Cosmos 110, 605, 670, 782, plusNauka modules flown on Zenit-2M reconnaissance satellites.90 kg of equipment could be contained in the external Naukamodule.
Bion 3
NSSDC ID: 1975-110A
Alternate Names
Cosmos 782
Biocosmos 3
08450
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-11-25Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agencies
Institute of BiomedicalProblems, Moscow(U.S.S.R)
National Aeronautics andSpace Administration(United States)
Discipline
Life Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Bion 3
Experiments on Bion 3
Data collections from Bion3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-055A[27/08/2010 23:10:08]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Description
This US Air Force electronics intelligence satellite waslaunched from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Atlas Agena Drocket.
Canyon 6
NSSDC ID: 1975-055A
Alternate Names
1975-055A
07963
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-18Launch Vehicle: Atlas-AgenaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 350.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Canyon 6
Experiments on Canyon 6
Data collections fromCanyon 6
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-072A[27/08/2010 23:10:30]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Description
The COS-B scientific satellite was developed by the EuropeanSpace Agency (ESA) to study extraterrestrial gamma radiationin the 25-MeV to 1-GeV energy range from a highly ellipticalorbit of roughly 100,000-km apogee, 350-km perigee, andnear-polar inclination. NASA provided, on a fully reimbursablebasis, the Delta launch vehicle and the associated launchservices. The COS-B spacecraft was cylindrical with adiameter of 140 cm and a height of 121 cm. Four monopoleantennas, protruding 51.2 cm below the bottom of thecylindrical body, gave the spacecraft a total effective height of172.2 cm. The spacecraft obtained orientation of its angularmomentum vector with respect to inertial space using datafrom an earth albedo sensor and a solar sensor. Spacecraftattitude was adjusted by a nitrogen cold-gas attitude controlsystem (ACS). The ACS included two spin-rate-adjust nozzlesto maintain the spin rate at 10 rpm and two precession nozzlesto adjust the momentum vector. The spacecraft had apcm/psk/pm telemetry system with 6.5-W real-time-onlytransmitter providing a switchable bit rate of 160 and 320 bpsand a pcm/psk/pm, up-link/down-link, range-tone commandsystem. Power was supplied by 9480 solar cells mounted on12 subpanels on the cylindrical body of the spacecraft.Communications, command, and control of the COS-B satellitein orbit were provided by the ESA Estrack network. Thespacecraft enclosed a gamma-ray astronomy experimentdescribed under "COS-B Caravane Collaboration" below.Members of the university and research groups whoimplemented this satellite are listed, with their affiliations, inAppendix B.
COS-B
NSSDC ID: 1975-072A
Alternate Names
Cosmic Ray Satellite-B
08062
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-09Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 277.5 kg
Funding Agency
European Space Agency(International)
Discipline
Astronomy
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for COS-B
Experiments on COS-B
Data collections from COS-B
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Brian General ESA-European Space Research
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-072A[27/08/2010 23:10:30]
G. Taylor Contact and Technology Centre
Dr. KevinBennett
ProjectScientist
ESA-European Space Researchand Technology Centre
kbennett@astro.estec.esa.nl
Mr. G.Altmann
ProjectManager
ESA-European Space Researchand Technology Centre
US Active Archive for COS-B Information/Data
The COS-B Archive at HEASARC
Other Sources of COS-B Information/Data
COS-B (ESA)
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-002A[27/08/2010 23:10:51]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 702 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.
Cosmos 702
NSSDC ID: 1975-002A
Alternate Names
07606
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-01-17Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos702
Experiments on Cosmos702
Data collections fromCosmos 702
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-003A[27/08/2010 23:11:25]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 703 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.
Cosmos 703
NSSDC ID: 1975-003A
Alternate Names
07611
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-01-21LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos703
Experiments on Cosmos703
Data collections fromCosmos 703
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-005A[27/08/2010 23:12:10]
Friday, 27 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 704 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 704
NSSDC ID: 1975-005A
Alternate Names
07617
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-01-23Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos704
Experiments on Cosmos704
Data collections fromCosmos 704
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-006A[28/08/2010 22:45:25]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 705 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.
Cosmos 705
NSSDC ID: 1975-006A
Alternate Names
07623
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-01-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos705
Experiments on Cosmos705
Data collections fromCosmos 705
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-007A[28/08/2010 22:45:46]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 706 was a Soviet missile early warning satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. It covered the Oko constellation planes 7/8 - 182degree longitude of ascending node.
Cosmos 706
NSSDC ID: 1975-007A
Alternate Names
07625
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-01-30Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos706
Experiments on Cosmos706
Data collections fromCosmos 706
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-008A[28/08/2010 22:46:06]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 707 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 707
NSSDC ID: 1975-008A
Alternate Names
07637
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-05LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 900.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos707
Experiments on Cosmos707
Data collections fromCosmos 707
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-012A[28/08/2010 22:46:26]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 708 was a Soviet geodetic satellite launched from thePlesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Kosmos 3 rocket.
The Sfera geodetic system covered a broad development forsolving problems in geodetics, continental drift, and preciselocation of cartographic points. The spacecraft was equippedwith measurement and signalling apparatus, providingassistance in measuring astronomical-geodetic points ofmilitary topographical research for the Red Army General Staff.The satellite allowed improved accuracy for long rangeweapons. Reshetnev was the Chief Designer. Flight tests werefrom 1968 to 1972. Series flights were from 1973 to 1980. TheKosmos 3M launcher was used. Colonel Ye S Shchapov wasin charge of Sfera development. Sfera used the basic KAUR-1bus, consisting of a 2.035 m diameter cylindrical spacecraftbody, with solar cells and radiators of the thermostatictemperature regulating system mounted on the exterior.Orientation was by a single-axis magneto-gravitational (gravitygradient boom) passive system. The hermetically sealedcompartment had the equipment mounted in cruciform bays,with the chemical batteries protecting the radio and guidanceequipment mounted at the centre.
Cosmos 708
NSSDC ID: 1975-012A
Alternate Names
07663
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-12LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 650.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos708
Experiments on Cosmos708
Data collections fromCosmos 708
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-013A[28/08/2010 22:46:56]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 709 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 709
NSSDC ID: 1975-013A
Alternate Names
07664
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-12Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos709
Experiments on Cosmos709
Data collections fromCosmos 709
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-015A[28/08/2010 22:47:37]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 710 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 710
NSSDC ID: 1975-015A
Alternate Names
07675
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-26Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos710
Experiments on Cosmos710
Data collections fromCosmos 710
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-016A[28/08/2010 22:48:27]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 711
NSSDC ID: 1975-016A
Alternate Names
07678
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos711
Experiments on Cosmos711
Data collections fromCosmos 711
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-016B[28/08/2010 22:49:23]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 712
NSSDC ID: 1975-016B
Alternate Names
07679
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos712
Experiments on Cosmos712
Data collections fromCosmos 712
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-016C[28/08/2010 22:50:07]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 713
NSSDC ID: 1975-016C
Alternate Names
07680
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos713
Experiments on Cosmos713
Data collections fromCosmos 713
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-016D[28/08/2010 22:50:42]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 714
NSSDC ID: 1975-016D
Alternate Names
07681
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos714
Experiments on Cosmos714
Data collections fromCosmos 714
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-016E[28/08/2010 22:51:09]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 715
NSSDC ID: 1975-016E
Alternate Names
07682
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos715
Experiments on Cosmos715
Data collections fromCosmos 715
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-016F[28/08/2010 22:51:31]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 716
NSSDC ID: 1975-016F
Alternate Names
07683
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos716
Experiments on Cosmos716
Data collections fromCosmos 716
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-016G[28/08/2010 22:52:05]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 717
NSSDC ID: 1975-016G
Alternate Names
07684
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos717
Experiments on Cosmos717
Data collections fromCosmos 717
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-016H[28/08/2010 22:52:31]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 718
NSSDC ID: 1975-016H
Alternate Names
07685
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos718
Experiments on Cosmos718
Data collections fromCosmos 718
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-018A[28/08/2010 22:53:08]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 719 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 719
NSSDC ID: 1975-018A
Alternate Names
07691
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-03-12Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos719
Experiments on Cosmos719
Data collections fromCosmos 719
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-019A[28/08/2010 22:53:34]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 720 was a Soviet military topography satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket.
A special version of Zenit was developed for topographicalphotography. This was developed by OKB-1 Filial 1 based onthe Zenit-4M. It utilized the SA-106 topographic camera fromthe Krasnogorsk Mechanical Factory, and a laser altimeter anddoppler apparatus developed by NPO Radiopribor.
Cosmos 720
NSSDC ID: 1975-019A
Alternate Names
07696
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-03-21Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos720
Experiments on Cosmos720
Data collections fromCosmos 720
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-020A[28/08/2010 22:54:15]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 721 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.Separated science capsule.
Cosmos 721
NSSDC ID: 1975-020A
Alternate Names
07705
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-03-26Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos721
Experiments on Cosmos721
Data collections fromCosmos 721
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-021A[28/08/2010 22:54:35]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 722 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 722
NSSDC ID: 1975-021A
Alternate Names
07709
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-03-27Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos722
Experiments on Cosmos722
Data collections fromCosmos 722
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-024A[28/08/2010 22:54:56]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 723 was a Soviet nuclear powered Radar OceanReconnaissance Satellite (RORSAT) launched from theBaikonur cosmodrome aboard a Tsyklon 2 rocket. TheRORSATs were designed to search the oceans for US Navytask forces and other shipping.
Cosmos 723
NSSDC ID: 1975-024A
Alternate Names
07718
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-02LaunchVehicle: Tsiklon-2Launch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 3800.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos723
Experiments on Cosmos723
Data collections fromCosmos 723
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-025A[28/08/2010 22:55:16]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 724 was a Soviet nuclear powered Radar OceanReconnaissance Satellite (RORSAT) launched from theBaikonur cosmodrome aboard a Tsyklon 2 rocket. TheRORSATs were designed to search the oceans for US Navytask forces and other shipping.
Cosmos 724
NSSDC ID: 1975-025A
Alternate Names
07727
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-07LaunchVehicle: Tsiklon-2Launch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 3800.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos724
Experiments on Cosmos724
Data collections fromCosmos 724
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-026A[28/08/2010 22:55:46]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 725 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.
Cosmos 725
NSSDC ID: 1975-026A
Alternate Names
07730
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-08LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos725
Experiments on Cosmos725
Data collections fromCosmos 725
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-028A[28/08/2010 22:56:19]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 726 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aCosmos rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 726
NSSDC ID: 1975-028A
Alternate Names
07736
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-11LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 810.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos726
Experiments on Cosmos726
Data collections fromCosmos 726
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-030A[28/08/2010 22:57:11]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 727 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 727
NSSDC ID: 1975-030A
Alternate Names
07742
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-16Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos727
Experiments on Cosmos727
Data collections fromCosmos 727
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-031A[28/08/2010 22:58:02]
Saturday, 28 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 728 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.Separated science capsule.
Cosmos 728
NSSDC ID: 1975-031A
Alternate Names
07745
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-18Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos728
Experiments on Cosmos728
Data collections fromCosmos 728
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-034A[29/08/2010 23:26:45]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 729 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aCosmos rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 729
NSSDC ID: 1975-034A
Alternate Names
07768
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-22LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 725.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos729
Experiments on Cosmos729
Data collections fromCosmos 729
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-035A[29/08/2010 23:27:06]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 730 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 730
NSSDC ID: 1975-035A
Alternate Names
07770
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-24Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos730
Experiments on Cosmos730
Data collections fromCosmos 730
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-041A[29/08/2010 23:27:26]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 731 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It alsocarried an x-ray and/or gamma-ray experiment capsule.
Cosmos 731
NSSDC ID: 1975-041A
Alternate Names
07810
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-21Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos731
Experiments on Cosmos731
Data collections fromCosmos 731
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-045A[29/08/2010 23:27:47]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 732
NSSDC ID: 1975-045A
Alternate Names
07820
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos732
Experiments on Cosmos732
Data collections fromCosmos 732
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-045B[29/08/2010 23:28:09]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 733
NSSDC ID: 1975-045B
Alternate Names
07822
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos733
Experiments on Cosmos733
Data collections fromCosmos 733
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-045C[29/08/2010 23:28:53]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 734
NSSDC ID: 1975-045C
Alternate Names
07823
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos734
Experiments on Cosmos734
Data collections fromCosmos 734
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-045D[29/08/2010 23:29:57]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 735
NSSDC ID: 1975-045D
Alternate Names
07824
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos735
Experiments on Cosmos735
Data collections fromCosmos 735
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-045E[29/08/2010 23:30:46]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 736
NSSDC ID: 1975-045E
Alternate Names
07825
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos736
Experiments on Cosmos736
Data collections fromCosmos 736
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-045F[29/08/2010 23:31:53]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 737
NSSDC ID: 1975-045F
Alternate Names
07826
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos737
Experiments on Cosmos737
Data collections fromCosmos 737
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-045G[29/08/2010 23:33:11]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 738
NSSDC ID: 1975-045G
Alternate Names
07827
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos738
Experiments on Cosmos738
Data collections fromCosmos 738
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-045H[29/08/2010 23:33:51]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 739
NSSDC ID: 1975-045H
Alternate Names
07828
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos739
Experiments on Cosmos739
Data collections fromCosmos 739
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-046A[29/08/2010 23:34:28]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 740 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 740
NSSDC ID: 1975-046A
Alternate Names
07821
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-28Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos740
Experiments on Cosmos740
Data collections fromCosmos 740
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-047A[29/08/2010 23:35:26]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 741 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk Cosmodrome via a Soyuz rocket. The Zenit-2M type satellite was used for earth resources studies as partof the Gektor-Priroda project. It conducted investigations of thenatural resources of the Earth in the interests of variousbranches of the national economy of the USSR andinternational cooperation.
Cosmos 741
NSSDC ID: 1975-047A
Alternate Names
07877
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-30Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos741
Experiments on Cosmos741
Data collections fromCosmos 741
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-048A[29/08/2010 23:36:28]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 742 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 742
NSSDC ID: 1975-048A
Alternate Names
07900
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-03Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos742
Experiments on Cosmos742
Data collections fromCosmos 742
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-053A[29/08/2010 23:37:08]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 743 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 743
NSSDC ID: 1975-053A
Alternate Names
07925
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-12Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos743
Experiments on Cosmos743
Data collections fromCosmos 743
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-056A[29/08/2010 23:38:09]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 744 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 744
NSSDC ID: 1975-056A
Alternate Names
07968
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-20Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos744
Experiments on Cosmos744
Data collections fromCosmos 744
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-058A[29/08/2010 23:38:58]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 745 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.
Cosmos 745
NSSDC ID: 1975-058A
Alternate Names
07982
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-24LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos745
Experiments on Cosmos745
Data collections fromCosmos 745
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-059A[29/08/2010 23:39:38]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 746 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 746
NSSDC ID: 1975-059A
Alternate Names
07985
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-25Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos746
Experiments on Cosmos746
Data collections fromCosmos 746
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-060A[29/08/2010 23:42:06]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 747 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.Separated science capsule.
National Space Science Data Center Header
Cosmos 747
NSSDC ID: 1975-060A
Alternate Names
07990
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-27Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos747
Experiments on Cosmos747
Data collections fromCosmos 747
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-061A[29/08/2010 23:44:46]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 748 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 748
NSSDC ID: 1975-061A
Alternate Names
08006
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-07-03Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos748
Experiments on Cosmos748
Data collections fromCosmos 748
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-062A[29/08/2010 23:45:29]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 749 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 749
NSSDC ID: 1975-062A
Alternate Names
08009
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-07-04LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 900.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos749
Experiments on Cosmos749
Data collections fromCosmos 749
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-067A[29/08/2010 23:46:06]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 750 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.
Cosmos 750
NSSDC ID: 1975-067A
Alternate Names
08036
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-07-17LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos750
Experiments on Cosmos750
Data collections fromCosmos 750
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-068A[29/08/2010 23:46:41]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 751 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.
Cosmos 751
NSSDC ID: 1975-068A
Alternate Names
08040
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-07-23Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos751
Experiments on Cosmos751
Data collections fromCosmos 751
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-069A[29/08/2010 23:47:38]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 752 was a Soviet atmospheric research satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Kosmos 3rocket. It was the third in a series of Vektor spacecraft.
Cosmos 752
NSSDC ID: 1975-069A
Alternate Names
08043
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-07-24LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 900.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos752
Experiments on Cosmos752
Data collections fromCosmos 752
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-071A[29/08/2010 23:47:59]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 753 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 753
NSSDC ID: 1975-071A
Alternate Names
08059
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-07-31Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos753
Experiments on Cosmos753
Data collections fromCosmos 753
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-073A[29/08/2010 23:48:29]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 754 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 754
NSSDC ID: 1975-073A
Alternate Names
08069
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-13Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos754
Experiments on Cosmos754
Data collections fromCosmos 754
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-074A[29/08/2010 23:49:11]
Sunday, 29 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 755 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aKosmos 3 rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 755
NSSDC ID: 1975-074A
Alternate Names
08072
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-14LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 810.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos755
Experiments on Cosmos755
Data collections fromCosmos 755
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-076A[31/08/2010 0:54:12]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 756 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 756
NSSDC ID: 1975-076A
Alternate Names
08127
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-22Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos756
Experiments on Cosmos756
Data collections fromCosmos 756
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-078A[31/08/2010 0:54:38]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 757 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 757
NSSDC ID: 1975-078A
Alternate Names
08147
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-27Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos757
Experiments on Cosmos757
Data collections fromCosmos 757
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-080A[31/08/2010 0:55:05]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 758 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. ThirdYantar-2K flight, the first with the new Kondor attitude controlsystem. This system experienced problems and failed on thesecond day of flight. The spacecraft's destruct package wasactivated by ground command and the spacecraft wasdestroyed on 6 September 1975 in its second day of flight.
Cosmos 758
NSSDC ID: 1975-080A
Alternate Names
08191
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-05Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos758
Experiments on Cosmos758
Data collections fromCosmos 758
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-084A[31/08/2010 0:55:25]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 759 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.Separated science capsule.
Cosmos 759
NSSDC ID: 1975-084A
Alternate Names
08275
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-12Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos759
Experiments on Cosmos759
Data collections fromCosmos 759
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-085A[31/08/2010 0:55:46]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 760 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 760
NSSDC ID: 1975-085A
Alternate Names
08281
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-16Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos760
Experiments on Cosmos760
Data collections fromCosmos 760
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-086A[31/08/2010 0:56:06]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 761
NSSDC ID: 1975-086A
Alternate Names
08285
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-17LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos761
Experiments on Cosmos761
Data collections fromCosmos 761
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-086B[31/08/2010 0:56:27]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 762
NSSDC ID: 1975-086B
Alternate Names
08286
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-17LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos762
Experiments on Cosmos762
Data collections fromCosmos 762
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-086C[31/08/2010 0:56:49]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 763
NSSDC ID: 1975-086C
Alternate Names
08287
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-17LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos763
Experiments on Cosmos763
Data collections fromCosmos 763
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-086D[31/08/2010 0:57:10]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 764
NSSDC ID: 1975-086D
Alternate Names
08288
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-17LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos764
Experiments on Cosmos764
Data collections fromCosmos 764
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-086E[31/08/2010 0:57:32]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 765
NSSDC ID: 1975-086E
Alternate Names
08289
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-17LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos765
Experiments on Cosmos765
Data collections fromCosmos 765
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-086F[31/08/2010 0:57:53]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 766
NSSDC ID: 1975-086F
Alternate Names
08290
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-17LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos766
Experiments on Cosmos766
Data collections fromCosmos 766
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-086G[31/08/2010 0:58:14]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 767
NSSDC ID: 1975-086G
Alternate Names
08291
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-17LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos767
Experiments on Cosmos767
Data collections fromCosmos 767
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-086H[31/08/2010 0:58:35]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 768
NSSDC ID: 1975-086H
Alternate Names
08292
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-17LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos768
Experiments on Cosmos768
Data collections fromCosmos 768
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-088A[31/08/2010 0:58:56]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 769 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thirdsuccessful test of SpK small film return capsule planned forYantar. SpK capsule FEU-170-13 No. 5L successfullyrecovered.
Cosmos 769
NSSDC ID: 1975-088A
Alternate Names
08322
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-23Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos769
Experiments on Cosmos769
Data collections fromCosmos 769
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-089A[31/08/2010 0:59:17]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 770 was a Soviet geodetic satellite launched from thePlesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Kosmos 3 rocket.
The Sfera geodetic system covered a broad development forsolving problems in geodetics, continental drift, and preciselocation of cartographic points. The spacecraft was equippedwith measurement and signalling apparatus, providingassistance in measuring astronomical-geodetic points ofmilitary topographical research for the Red Army General Staff.The satellite allowed improved accuracy for long rangeweapons. Reshetnev was the Chief Designer. Flight tests werefrom 1968 to 1972. Series flights were from 1973 to 1980. TheKosmos 3M launcher was used. Colonel Ye S Shchapov wasin charge of Sfera development. Sfera used the basic KAUR-1bus, consisting of a 2.035 m diameter cylindrical spacecraftbody, with solar cells and radiators of the thermostatictemperature regulating system mounted on the exterior.Orientation was by a single-axis magneto-gravitational (gravitygradient boom) passive system. The hermetically sealedcompartment had the equipment mounted in cruciform bays,with the chemical batteries protecting the radio and guidanceequipment mounted at the centre.
Cosmos 770
NSSDC ID: 1975-089A
Alternate Names
08325
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-24LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 650.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos770
Experiments on Cosmos770
Data collections fromCosmos 770
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-090A[31/08/2010 0:59:38]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 771 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable and also performed earthresources tasks.
Cosmos 771
NSSDC ID: 1975-090A
Alternate Names
08327
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-25Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos771
Experiments on Cosmos771
Data collections fromCosmos 771
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-093A[31/08/2010 1:00:00]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 772 was an unmanned Soviet military Soyuz 7K-Stest flight launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome. It wasrecovered October 3, 1975 at 4:10 GMT after an unsuccessfulflight.
Cosmos 772
NSSDC ID: 1975-093A
Alternate Names
08338
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-29Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6750.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos772
Experiments on Cosmos772
Data collections fromCosmos 772
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-094A[31/08/2010 1:00:21]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation is now populated with two distinct systemsdevoted to military and government communications. Bothsystems are assessed to be simple store-dump repeaterswhich were particularly useful in relaying non-essential trafficbetween the Russian Federation and overseas stations offorces. The first Strela (which means "Arrow" in Russian)system debuted in 1970 and consisted of 750 - 1000 kgsatellites deployed at mean altitudes of 800 km in three orbitalplanes inclined 74 degrees to the equator and spaced 120degrees apart. These Strela 2 spacecraft were launchedseparately by the Kosmos launch vehicle from the Plesetskcosmodrome into each orbital plane at intervals of 24-36months. The activity of these satellites could be monitored viaa characteristic CW beacon emitted on a frequency of 153.660MHz.
Cosmos 773
NSSDC ID: 1975-094A
Alternate Names
08343
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-30LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 750.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos773
Experiments on Cosmos773
Data collections fromCosmos 773
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-095A[31/08/2010 1:00:41]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 774 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 774
NSSDC ID: 1975-095A
Alternate Names
08345
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-10-01Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos774
Experiments on Cosmos774
Data collections fromCosmos 774
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-097A[31/08/2010 1:01:03]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 775 was the first launch of the new Sovietgeosynchronous ballistic missile early warning systemsatellites, launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard aProton 8K82K rocket. It exploded in orbit.
Cosmos 775
NSSDC ID: 1975-097A
Alternate Names
08357
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-10-08Launch Vehicle: ProtonLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 2000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos775
Experiments on Cosmos775
Data collections fromCosmos 775
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-101A[31/08/2010 1:01:24]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 776 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.Separated science capsule.
Cosmos 776
NSSDC ID: 1975-101A
Alternate Names
08369
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-10-17Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos776
Experiments on Cosmos776
Data collections fromCosmos 776
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-102A[31/08/2010 1:01:44]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 777 was a Soviet military naval reconnaisance, oceanmonitoring satellite launched from the Baikonur cosmodromeaboard a Tsyklon 2 rocket. This naval forces monitoringspacecraft was used to determine the position of enemy navalforces through detection and triangulation of theirelectromagnetic emissions (radio, radar, etc). It exploded inJanuary 1976.
Cosmos 777
NSSDC ID: 1975-102A
Alternate Names
08416
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-10-29LaunchVehicle: TsiklonLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 3000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos777
Experiments on Cosmos777
Data collections fromCosmos 777
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-103A[31/08/2010 1:02:05]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 778 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aCosmos rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 778
NSSDC ID: 1975-103A
Alternate Names
08419
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-11-04LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 810.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos778
Experiments on Cosmos778
Data collections fromCosmos 778
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-104A[31/08/2010 1:02:25]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 779 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 779
NSSDC ID: 1975-104A
Alternate Names
08420
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-11-04Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos779
Experiments on Cosmos779
Data collections fromCosmos 779
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-108A[31/08/2010 1:02:46]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 780 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Separatedscience capsule.
Cosmos 780
NSSDC ID: 1975-108A
Alternate Names
08442
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-11-21Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos780
Experiments on Cosmos780
Data collections fromCosmos 780
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-109A[31/08/2010 1:03:06]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 781 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 781
NSSDC ID: 1975-109A
Alternate Names
08444
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-11-21LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 900.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos781
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Data collections fromCosmos 781
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-112A[31/08/2010 1:03:27]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation is now populated with two distinct systemsdevoted to military and government communications. Bothsystems are assessed to be simple store-dump repeaterswhich were particularly useful in relaying non-essential trafficbetween the Russian Federation and overseas stations offorces. The first Strela (which means "Arrow" in Russian)system debuted in 1970 and consisted of 750 - 1000 kgsatellites deployed at mean altitudes of 800 km in three orbitalplanes inclined 74 degrees to the equator and spaced 120degrees apart. These Strela 2 spacecraft were launchedseparately by the Kosmos launch vehicle from the Plesetskcosmodrome into each orbital plane at intervals of 24-36months. The activity of these satellites could be monitored viaa characteristic CW beacon emitted on a frequency of 153.660MHz.
Cosmos 783
NSSDC ID: 1975-112A
Alternate Names
08458
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-11-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 750.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos783
Experiments on Cosmos783
Data collections fromCosmos 783
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-113A[31/08/2010 1:03:48]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 784 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.Separated science capsule.
Cosmos 784
NSSDC ID: 1975-113A
Alternate Names
08463
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-03Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos784
Experiments on Cosmos784
Data collections fromCosmos 784
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-116A[31/08/2010 1:04:09]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 785 was a Soviet military naval radar surveillance(RORSAT) satellite launched from the Baikonur cosmodromeaboard a Tsyklon 2 rocket. It failed immediately after reachingorbit.
Cosmos 785
NSSDC ID: 1975-116A
Alternate Names
08473
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-12LaunchVehicle: Tsiklon-2Launch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 3800.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos785
Experiments on Cosmos785
Data collections fromCosmos 785
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-120A[31/08/2010 1:04:30]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 786 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 786
NSSDC ID: 1975-120A
Alternate Names
08489
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-16Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos786
Experiments on Cosmos786
Data collections fromCosmos 786
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-092A[31/08/2010 1:04:51]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
This spacecraft carried an EUV experiment for solar andatmospheric investigations and a set of UV experiments formaking stellar, zodiacal light, and integrated sky backgroundand stellar observations. The spacecraft was spinning at about0.25 rpm about an axis that was directed toward the sun. Thedata transmission rate was 256 b/s for real-time data and 11kb/s for stored data at a telemetry frequency of 136.740 MHz.The memory capacity was 1.6 Mb. The cylindrically shapedsatellite had a diameter of 0.8 m and a height of 0.7 m andweighed 106.6 kg. Four solar panels situated perpendicular tothe cylindrical axis provided power for the mission. Thestabilization system failed on December 28, 1976, therebyterminating operation of the spacecraft.
D2B
NSSDC ID: 1975-092A
Alternate Names
Astronomy Satellite D2B
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-27LaunchVehicle: DiamantLaunch Site: Kourou,French GuianaMass: 115.0 kg
Funding Agency
Centre National de laRecherche Scientifique(France)
Discipline
Solar Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for D2B
Experiments on D2B
Data collections from D2B
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Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. D. Sacotte Project Manager Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-039A[31/08/2010 1:05:12]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The French D5-A satellite was launched as a piggyback of theD5-B. The external structure of the D5-A was an octahedronmade up of two truncated tetrahedrons, eight facets of whichwere covered with solar cells. The D5-A carried a hydrazinepropeller that was tested in space.
D5-A
NSSDC ID: 1975-039A
Alternate Names
Pollux
07801
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-17LaunchVehicle: DiamantLaunch Site: Kourou,French GuianaMass: 37.5 kg
Funding Agency
Centre National d'EtudesSpatiales (France)
Discipline
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for D5-A
Experiments on D5-A
Data collections from D5-A
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. A. Olivero Project Manager Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
Mr. J. P. Chassaing Project Coordinator Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-039B[31/08/2010 1:05:34]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
This French spacecraft had a 26-face polyhedron shape with adiameter of 80 cm. The primary mission objective was to studythe upper atmosphere density variations. Secondary objectivesincluded a study of gravity field perturbations and a study ofmicrometeorite impacts. A three-axis magnetometer was usedto provide attitude information. Each one of the spacecraftfaces contained a laser reflector. Data were measured eitherevery 0.1 s or every 2.8 s. The data transmission rate was1024 bits/s from the tape recorder and either 256 or 512 bits/sdirectly from telemetry. Operations were conducted by theoperations center in Toulouse using the CNES network oftelemetry and telecommand stations.
D5-B
NSSDC ID: 1975-039B
Alternate Names
Castor
07802
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-17LaunchVehicle: DiamantLaunch Site: Kourou,French GuianaMass: 76.0 kg
Funding Agency
Centre National d'EtudesSpatiales (France)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for D5-B
Experiments on D5-B
Data collections from D5-B
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. A. Olivero Project Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-039B[31/08/2010 1:05:34]
Manager
Dr. FrancoisE. Barlier
ProjectScientist
Centre d'Etudes et de RechercheGeodynamiques er Astronomiques
barlier@obs-azur.fr
Mr. J. P.Chassaing
GeneralContact
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=DADE-A[31/08/2010 1:05:55]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The Dual Air Density Explorer-A (DADE-A) satellite was a 0.76m rigid sphere designed to determine, in conjunction with DualAir Density Explorer-B (DADE-B), the vertical structure of theupper thermosphere and the lower exosphere as a function oflatitude, season, and local solar time. Both satellites wouldhave been launched by a single Scout launch vehicle intocoplanar polar orbits. Measurements of atmospheric densityfrom DADE-A would have been obtained from satellite draganalyses near perigee (apporximately 350 km) and fromcomposition measurements taken by an onboard massspectrometer. DADE-A was equipped with a radio beacon tofacilitate tracking.
DADE-A
NSSDC ID: DADE-A
Alternate Names
AD-1
DAD
Dual Air Density Expl-A
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-05Launch Vehicle: ScoutLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience (United States)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for DADE-A
Experiments on DADE-A
Data collections fromDADE-A
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=DADE-A[31/08/2010 1:05:55]
Dr. Erwin R.Schmerling
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters
Mr. John E.Canady, Jr.
ProjectManager
NASA Langley ResearchCenter
Mr. Edwin J. Prior ProjectScientist
NASA Langley ResearchCenter
e.j.prior@larc.nasa.gov
Mr. John R. Holtz ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=DADE-B[31/08/2010 1:06:17]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The Dual Air Density Explorer-B (DADE-B) satellite was a3.66-m inflatable sphere designed to determine, in conjunctionwith Dual Air Density Explorer-A (DADE-A), the verticalstructure of the upper thermosphere and lower exosphere as afunction of latitude, season, and local solar time. Bothsatellites would have been launched by a single Scout launchvehicle into coplanar polar orbits. Measurements ofatmospheric density from DADE-B would have been obtainedfrom satellite drag analysis near perigee (approximately 700km) and from composition measurements taken by an onboardspectrometer. DADE-B was equipped with a radio beacon tofacilitate tracking.
DADE-B
NSSDC ID: DADE-B
Alternate Names
DAD
AD-2
Dual Air Density Expl-B
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-05Launch Vehicle: ScoutLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 43.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience (United States)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for DADE-B
Experiments on DADE-B
Data collections fromDADE-B
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=DADE-B[31/08/2010 1:06:17]
Dr. Erwin R.Schmerling
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters
Mr. John E.Canady, Jr.
ProjectManager
NASA Langley ResearchCenter
Mr. Edwin J. Prior ProjectScientist
NASA Langley ResearchCenter
e.j.prior@larc.nasa.gov
Mr. John R. Holtz ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=DIAPO[31/08/2010 1:06:39]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
This satellite is part of France's contribution to the InternationalMagnetospheric Study. Its objective is to study the origin andacceleration mechanisms of magnetospheric ions (1) bymeasuring the relative abundances and the angular andenergy distribution of singly ionized hydrogen and helium,doubly ionized helium, and oxygen (6 plus) ions and, (2) bycomparing the results with the ionospheric and solar windcomposition. Additionally, a study of magnetosphericsubstorms is planned with measurements of the angular andenergy distribution of electrons from 50 eV to 1 MeV,complemented with VLF and magnetic field measurements.
DIAPO
NSSDC ID: DIAPO
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-01LaunchVehicle: DiamantLaunch Site: Kourou,French Guiana
Funding Agency
Unknown (France)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for DIAPO
Experiments on DIAPO
Data collections fromDIAPO
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-043A[31/08/2010 1:07:00]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
DMSP (75-043A), also known as DMSP 10533, was one of aseries of meteorological satellites developed and operated bythe Air Force under the Defense Meteorological SatelliteProgram. This program, previously known as Data Acquisitionand Processing Program (DAPP), was classified until March1973. The objective of this program was to provide globalvisual and infrared (IR) cloudcover data and specializedenvironmental data to support Department of Defenserequirements. Operationally, the program consisted of twosatellites in 830 km sun-synchronous polar orbits, with theascending node of one satellite near the sunrise terminatorand the other near local noon. The satellite, shaped like thefrustum of a polyhedron, consisted of four subassemblies -- (1)a solar array hat, (2) a base-plate assembly, (3) a sensor AVE(Aerospace Vehicle Electronics) package (SAP), and (4) a dataprocessing system. The primary sensor (SAP) was a fourchannel scanning radiometer. Secondard sensors included avertical temperature profile radiometer (supplementary sensorE - SSE) and an electron spectrograph (supplementary sensorJ/2 - SSJ/2), which were mounted, along with the primarysensor, on the base-plate assembly. Spacecraft stabilizationwas controlled by a combination flywheel and magnetic controlcoil system so that the sensors were maintained in the desiredearth-looking mode. The data processing system includedthree tape recorders capable of storing a total of 440 min ofdata, which allowed full global coverage twice daily. Eitherrecorded or real-time data were transmitted to groundreceiving sites via an s-band transmitter. Recorded data wereread out to tracking sites located at Fairchild AFB, WA, andLoring AFB, ME, and relayed to Air Force Global WeatherCentral, Offutt AFB, NE. Real-time data were read out atmobile tactical sites located around the world.
DMSP 5C/F2
NSSDC ID: 1975-043A
Alternate Names
DMSP 10533
07816
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-24Launch Vehicle: ThorLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 195.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for DMSP5C/F2
Experiments on DMSP5C/F2
Data collections fromDMSP 5C/F2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-043A[31/08/2010 1:07:00]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Project Manager US Air Force Space Division
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-040A[31/08/2010 1:07:21]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
This Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS)satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral aboard a Titan 3Crocket. It was one of a series of satellites that provided securevoice and data communications for the US military. It was spinstabilized with a despun antenna platform. Body mounted solarcells produced 535 watts. Three NiCd batteries provided 36AHr total. The payload consisted of two 20 watt X-Bandtransponders with 500 MHz bandwidths, and steerable narrowbeam antennas and drive mechanism for commincationsprivacy. Its capacity was 1300 voice channels or 100 Mbps ofdata.
DSCS II-05
NSSDC ID: 1975-040A
Alternate Names
1975-040A
Defense SatelliteCommunications SystemII-05
07807
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-20Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-CLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 566.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Disciplines
Communications
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for DSCS II-05
Experiments on DSCS II-05
Data collections fromDSCS II-05
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User Support
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-040B[31/08/2010 1:07:42]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
This Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS)satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral aboard a Titan 3Crocket. It was one of a series of satellites that provided securevoice and data communications for the US military. It was spinstabilized with a despun antenna platform. Body mounted solarcells produced 535 watts. Three NiCd batteries provided 36AHr total. The payload consisted of two 20 watt X-Bandtransponders with 500 MHz bandwidths, and steerable narrowbeam antennas and drive mechanism for commincationsprivacy. Its capacity was 1300 voice channels or 100 Mbps ofdata.
DSCS II-06
NSSDC ID: 1975-040B
Alternate Names
Defense SatelliteCommunications SystemII-06
07808
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-20Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-CLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 566.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Disciplines
Communications
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for DSCS II-06
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Data collections fromDSCS II-06
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=DUAL-A[31/08/2010 1:08:03]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Two satellites, DUAL-A and DUAL-A1, were to be launchedsimultaneously by the U.S.S.R and placed in elongated orbitswith the direction of the line of apsides toward the neutralpoints of the magnetosphere. The satellites were part of theU.S.S.R. contribution to the International MagnetosphericStudy. They were to perform observations simultaneously incritical regions of the earth's plasma environment. Theinstrumentation was to include magnetometers and plasmaand energetic particle detectors. The missions were cancelled.
DUAL-A
NSSDC ID: DUAL-A
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-01LaunchVehicle: UnknownLaunch Site: U.S.S.R
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for DUAL-A
Experiments on DUAL-A
Data collections fromDUAL-A
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=DUAL-A1[31/08/2010 1:08:25]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Two satellites, DUAL-A and DUAL-A1, were to be launchedsimultaneously by the U.S.S.R and placed in elongated orbitswith the direction of the line of apsides toward the neutralpoints of the magnetosphere. The satellites were part of theU.S.S.R. contribution to the International MagnetosphericStudy. They were to perform observations simultaneously incritial regions of the earth's plasma environment. Theinstrumentation was to include magnetometers and plasmaand energetic particle detectors. The missions were cancelled.
DUAL-A1
NSSDC ID: DUAL-A1
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-01LaunchVehicle: UnknownLaunch Site: U.S.S.R
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for DUAL-A1
Experiments on DUAL-A1
Data collections fromDUAL-A1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-082A[31/08/2010 1:08:46]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Japanese Engineering Test Satellite (JETS) was a shortoctagonal right prism with two octagonal pyramids terminatingeither end of the prism. Both pyramids were truncated with asmall end plate. The satellite was approximately 90 cm inheight and diameter. All faces other than the end plates werecovered with solar cells. Several antennas and sensorsextended from the spacecraft. The objectives of this satellitelaunch were to confirm launching technology, to developsatellite tracking and controlling technology, and to carry outother technological experiments and procedures. Initial satelliteoperation, including attitude control and extension of four verylong antennas, was nominal.
ETS
NSSDC ID: 1975-082A
Alternate Names
ETS 1
Engineering Test Sat-1
KIKU
08197
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-09Launch Vehicle: NuLaunchSite: Tanegashima, JapanMass: 85.0 kg
Funding Agency
National SpaceDevelopment Agency(NASDA) (Japan)
Disciplines
Communications
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for ETS
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Data collections from ETS
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-027A[31/08/2010 1:09:08]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The GEOS 3 (Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite)spacecraft was an octahedron, topped by a truncated pyramid,with a parabolic reflector for a radar altimeter on the flat bottomside. A metal ribbon boom with end mass extended upwardapproximately 6.1 m from the top of the pyramid. Passive laserretroreflector cubes were mounted in a ring around theparabolic reflector with the normal vector from each cubefacing 45 deg outward from the direction of the earth. Aturnstile antenna for VHF and UHF frequencies and separateantennae for earth-viewing 324-MHz Doppler, C-band, and S-band transponders were mounted separately on flat surfacesnext to the parabolic reflector. The dimension across the flatsof the octahedron was 1.22 m, and the spacecraft was 1.11 mhigh. The mission provided the stepping stone between theNational Geodetic Satellite Program (NGSP) and the Earth andOcean Physics Application Program. It provided data to refinethe geodetic and geophysical results of the NGSP and servedas a test for new systems. Mission objectives were to performa satellite altimetry experiment in orbit, to support further thecalibration and position determination of NASA and otheragency C-band radar systems, and to perform a satellite-to-satellite tracking experiment with the ATS 6 spacecraft usingan S-band transponder system. This system was also used forperiodic GEOS 3 telemetry data relay through ATS 6, tosupport further the intercomparison of tracking systems, toinvestigate the solid-earth dynamic phenomena throughprecision laser tracking, to refine further orbit determinationtechniques and determine interdatum ties and gravity models,and to support the calibration and position determination ofNASA Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network (STDN) S-bandtracking stations. For more details, see special reports on theGEOS 3 in J. Geophys. Res., v. 84, n. B8, 1979.
GEOS 3
NSSDC ID: 1975-027A
Alternate Names
Geodetic Explorer Sat.
GEOS-C
07734
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-09Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 340.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Disciplines
Engineering
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for GEOS 3
Experiments on GEOS 3
Data collections fromGEOS 3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-027A[31/08/2010 1:09:08]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Hubert R.Stanley
ProjectScientist
NASA Wallops FlightFacility
hstanley@pop800.gsfc.nasa.gov
Mr. Charles J.Finley
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-100A[31/08/2010 1:09:28]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
GOES 1 (SMS-C) was a NASA-developed, NOAA-operated,geosynchronous, and operational spacecraft. The spin-stabilized spacecraft carried (1) a visible infrared spin-scanradiometer (VISSR) to provide high-quality day and nightcloudcover data and to take radiance-derived temperatures ofthe earth/atmosphere system, (2) a meteorological datacollection and transmission system to relay processed datafrom central weather facilities to APT-equipped regionalstations and to collect and retransmit data from remotelylocated earth-based platforms, and (3) a space environmentmonitor (SEM) system to measure proton, electron, and solarX-ray fluxes and magnetic fields. The cylindrically shapedspacecraft measured 190.5 cm in diameter and 230 cm inlength, exclusive of a magnetometer that extended anadditional 83 cm beyond the cylinder shell. The primarystructural members were a honeycombed equipment shelf andthrust tube. The VISSR telescope was mounted on theequipment shelf and viewed the earth through a specialaperture in the side of the spacecraft. A support structureextended radially from the thrust tube and was affixed to thesolar panels, which formed the outer walls of the spacecraftand provided the primary source of electrical power. Locatedin the annulus-shaped space between the thrust tube and thesolar panels were stationkeeping and dynamics controlequipment, batteries, and most of the SEM equipment. Properspacecraft attitude and spin rate (approximately 100 rpm) weremaintained by two separate sets of jet thrusters mountedaround the spacecraft equator and activated by groundcommand. The spacecraft used both UHF-band and S-bandfrequencies in its telemetry and command subsystem. A low-power VHF transponder provided telemetry and commandduring launch and then served as a backup for the primarysubsystem once the spacecraft had attained synchronousorbit. For more detailed information, see "The GOES/SMSUser's Guide" (TRF B28599), available from NSSDC. OnDecember 1, 1978, responsibility for GOES 1 was turned overto ESA to be used as part of GARP. It was stationed over theIndian Ocean and controlled by ESOC in Darmstadt, F.R.G. InDecember 1979, it was returned to the control of NOAA andpositioned at 135 deg W. When GOES 5 VAS experienced afailure on July 30, 1984, GOES 6 was moved east and GOES1 was reactivated by NOAA to provide visible imagingcapability over the western United States. GOES 1 failed onFebruary 3, 1985.
GOES 1
NSSDC ID: 1975-100A
Alternate Names
GOES-A
SMS-C
08366
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-10-16Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 631.0 kg
Funding Agencies
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
NOAA NationalEnvironmental SatelliteService (United States)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for GOES 1
Experiments on GOES 1
Data collections fromGOES 1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-100A[31/08/2010 1:09:28]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. James R.Greaves
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters james.r.greaves@nasa.gov
Mr. William E.Shenk
ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=HOMS[31/08/2010 1:09:50]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
This satellite will be of the HEOS type, and will be launched tooperate in conjunction with the ESRO spacecraft GEOS. It willprovide correlated data for studying the space-time structureand variations of the magnetosphere. The experiments willinclude magnetometers, plasma and particle detectors, andmagnetic-electric wave instrumentation.
HOMS
NSSDC ID: HOMS
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-01LaunchVehicle: DiamantLaunch Site: Kourou,French Guiana
Funding Agency
European Space Agency(International)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for HOMS
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Data collections fromHOMS
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-118A[31/08/2010 1:10:20]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
IMEWS 5 was the last in a series of 5 first generation DSPprogram of Integrated Missile Early Warning Satellitesmanufactured by TRW for the US Air Force. The spacecraftspun slowly (6 rpm) about the nadir axis to permit scanning ofthe Earth by the detector system. The body mounted anddeployable panels provided 400W.
IMEWS 5
NSSDC ID: 1975-118A
Alternate Names
Early Warning 5
DSP F5
08482
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-14Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-CLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 820.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for IMEWS 5
Experiments on IMEWS 5
Data collections fromIMEWS 5
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Image courtesy of the USAF Defense Support Program.
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IMEWS 5
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-042A[31/08/2010 1:10:48]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Intelsat 4 F-1 was a communication satellite with a cylindricaldiameter of 213 cm, 281 cm solar drum height, and 528 cmoverall height. Electric power was supplied by solar cellsmounted on the solar drum face. The satellite had multipleaccess and simultaneous transmissions capabilities with acapacity of 3000 circuits with transponder in the earth modeand 9000 circuits with transponder in the spot-beam coveragemode, or 12 TV channels or certain combinations. There were12 transponders, each with a 36-MHz bandwidth, two globaltransmit antennas, two global receive antennas, and twosteerable spot-beam transmit antennas.
INTELSAT 4 F-1
NSSDC ID: 1975-042A
Alternate Names
07815
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-22Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 727.0 kg
Funding Agencies
Unknown (United States)
InternationalTelecommunicationsSatellite Corporation(International)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for INTELSAT4 F-1
Experiments on INTELSAT4 F-1
Data collections fromINTELSAT 4 F-1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-091A[31/08/2010 1:11:08]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Intelsat 4A F-1 was an improved satellite with double thecapacity of previous Intelsats for COMSAT's global commercialcommunications network.
INTELSAT 4A F-1
NSSDC ID: 1975-091A
Alternate Names
08330
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-26Launch Vehicle: AtlasLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 1500.0 kg
Funding Agencies
Unknown (United States)
InternationalTelecommunicationsSatellite Corporation(International)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for INTELSAT4A F-1
Experiments on INTELSAT4A F-1
Data collections fromINTELSAT 4A F-1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-022A[31/08/2010 1:11:28]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
Intercosmos 13 was a Soviet ionospheric research satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome aboard a Kosmosrocket. It contatined upper magnetosphere experiments andperformed a study of dynamic processes in the earth'smagnetosphere and polar ionosphere. It also conducted aninvestigation of low-frequency electromagnetic waves.
Intercosmos 13
NSSDC ID: 1975-022A
Alternate Names
07710
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-03-27LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation forIntercosmos 13
Experiments onIntercosmos 13
Data collections fromIntercosmos 13
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-115A[31/08/2010 1:11:47]
Tuesday, 31 August 2010
Description
The spacecraft was a contribution to the InternationalMagnetospheric Study (IMS) program involving the scientificcommunity of socialist countries. The spacecraft contained fiveexperiments which provided measurements of extremely low-frequency (ELF) and very low-frequency (VLF) emissions in themagnetosphere, of the variation of ionospheric plasma densityand electron temperature along the orbit, of variations of totalelectron content in the ionosphere, and of energy andpenetration characteristics of meteor showers. The spacecraftwas magnetically oriented and contained both a standardtelemetry system and a wideband system which transmittedreal-time data from a four-component ELF/VLF receiver and anelectron temperature instrument. The data system included awideband tape recorder (0,05-15 KHz). A large number ofground-based observatories in the socialist countries wereinvolved in measuring ionospheric conditions, geomagneticfield variations, and VLF emissions in conjunction with thesatellite. Operations terminated on June 28, 1976
National Space Science Data Center Header
Intercosmos 14
NSSDC ID: 1975-115A
Alternate Names
IK-14
08471
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-11LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 700.0 kg
Funding Agency
Intercosmos (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Planetary Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation forIntercosmos 14
Experiments onIntercosmos 14
Data collections fromIntercosmos 14
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-115A[31/08/2010 1:11:47]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. J. I. Likhter Project Scientist IZMIRAN
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=ISIS-C[02/09/2010 0:18:30]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
ISIS-C
NSSDC ID: ISIS-C
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-01Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United States
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for ISIS-C
Experiments on ISIS-C
Data collections from ISIS-C
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. John E. Jackson Project Scientist NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Mr. E. D. Nelsen Project Manager NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-017A[02/09/2010 0:18:56]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This US Air Force electronics intelligence satellite waslaunched from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 34B rocket.
Jumpseat 3
NSSDC ID: 1975-017A
Alternate Names
07687
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-03-10Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-BLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 700.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Jumpseat3
Experiments on Jumpseat3
Data collections fromJumpseat 3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-032A[02/09/2010 0:19:16]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3B rocket. It was a KH-8(Key Hole-8) type spacecraft.
KH 8-44
NSSDC ID: 1975-032A
Alternate Names
1975-032A
07747
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-18Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-BLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 3000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 8-44
Experiments on KH 8-44
Data collections from KH 8-44
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-098A[02/09/2010 0:19:36]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3B rocket. It was a KH-8(Key Hole-8) type spacecraft.
KH 8-45
NSSDC ID: 1975-098A
Alternate Names
1975-098A
08360
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-10-09Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-BLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 3000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 8-45
Experiments on KH 8-45
Data collections from KH 8-45
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-051A[02/09/2010 0:19:56]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket. It was a KH-9(Key Hole-9) type spacecraft.
KH 9-10
NSSDC ID: 1975-051A
Alternate Names
1975-051A
07918
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-08Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-DLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 13300.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 9-10
Experiments on KH 9-10
Data collections from KH 9-10
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-114A[02/09/2010 0:20:21]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket. It was a KH-9(Key Hole-9) type spacecraft.
KH 9-11
NSSDC ID: 1975-114A
Alternate Names
1975-114A
08467
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-04Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-DLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 13300.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 9-11
Experiments on KH 9-11
Data collections from KH 9-11
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-004A[02/09/2010 0:21:08]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
LANDSAT 2 was the second of a series of modified Nimbussatellites. The near-polar orbiting spacecraft served as astabilized, earth-oriented platform for obtaining information onagricultural and forestry resources, geology and mineralresources, hydrology and water resources, geography,cartography, environmental pollution, oceanography andmarine resources, and meteorological phenomena. Toaccomplish these objectives, the spacecraft was equipped witha three-camera return beam vidicon (RBV) and a four-channelmultispectral scanner (MSS) to obtain visible and near IRphotographic and radiometric images of the earth. A datacollection system (DCS) was also used to collect informationfrom remote individually equipped ground stations and to relaythe data to central acquisition stations. LANDSAT 2 carried twowide-band video tape recorders (WBVTR), capable of storingup to 30 min of scanner or camera data. An advanced attitudecontrol system, consisting of horizon scanners, sun sensors,and a command antenna combined with a freon gas propulsionsystem, permitted the spacecraft's orientation to be controlledto within plus or minus 0.7 deg in all three axes. Spacecraftcommunications included a command subsystem operating at154.2 and 2106.4 MHz and a PCM narrow-band telemetrysubsystem, operating at 2287.5 and 137.86 MHz, forspacecraft housekeeping, attitude, and sensor performancedata. Video data from the three-camera RBV system weretransmitted in both real time and from WBVTR at 2276.5 MHz,while information from the MSS was constrained to a 20-MHzrf bandwidth at 2229.5 MHz.
Landsat 2
NSSDC ID: 1975-004A
Alternate Names
ERTS-B
07615
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-01-22Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 816.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Disciplines
Engineering
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Landsat 2
Experiments on Landsat 2
Data collections fromLandsat 2
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-004A[02/09/2010 0:21:08]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Stanley C. Freden Project Scientist NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter
Mr. Charles M.MacKenzie
Project Manager NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter
Dr. James C. Welch ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-023A[02/09/2010 0:21:43]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This was the 21st fully operational meteorological satellite inthe Soviet Meteor 1 program. The satellite was placed in anear-circular, near-polar orbit to provide global observations ofthe earth's weather systems, cloud cover, ice and snow fields,vertical profiles of temperature and moisture, and relected andemitted radiation from the dayside and nightside of the earth-atmosphere system for operational use by the SovietHydrometeorological Service. Its 900-km orbit seemed to verifya continued effort by the USSR to place new Meteor satellitesin high orbit -- about 240 km higher than the orbits of earlyspacecraft in the series. Meteor 1 was equipped with twovidicon cameras with APT capability for taking daysidepictures, a scanning high-resolution IR radiometer, also withAPT capability, for taking dayside and nightside pictures, a setof actinometric instruments for making measurements of theearth's radiation field in the visual and infrared regions, and amedium-resolution scanning diffraction spectrometer fordetermining indirectly the vertical profiles of atmospherictemperature and humidity. The satellite was in the form of acylinder 5 m long and 1.5 m in diameter with two large solarpanels attached to tht sides. The solar panels wereautomatically oriented toward the sun so as to provide thespacecraft with the maximum amount of solar power. Meteor 1was oriented toward the earth by gravity-gradient control of the3 axes. The X and Y axes were mechanically stabilized by asystem of flywheels whose kinetic energy was dampened bythe use of controlled electromagnets on board that interactedwith the magnetic field of the earth. The instruments werehoused in the base of the satellite, which pointed toward theearth, while the solar sensors were mounted in the top section.The operational 'Meteor' weather satellite system usuallyconsists of two satellites spaced at 90-deg intervals. Thisallowed for nearly continuous monitoring of the formation,development, and movement of major weather systems. Whenwithin communication range, the data acquired weretransmitted directly to the ground receiving centers in Moscow,Novosibirsk, or Vladivostok or to APT-equipped stations withinthe USSR. During its passes over regions beyondcommunication range, Meteor 1 recorded the TV and IRpictures, spectrometer data, and actinometric data and storedthem on board until the satellite passed over one of thereceiving centers. The Meteorological data received at thesecenters were processed, reduced, and sent to theHydrometeorological Center in Moscow, where they wereanalyzed and used for preparing various forecast and analysisproducts. Some of the TV and IR pictures were thendistributed in real time to various meteorological centersaround the world.
Meteor 1-21
NSSDC ID: 1975-023A
Alternate Names
Meteor 1-21
07714
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-01LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2200.0 kg
Funding Agency
SovietHydrometeorologicalService (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Meteor 1-21
Experiments on Meteor 1-21
Data collections fromMeteor 1-21
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-023A[02/09/2010 0:21:43]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Project Manager Soviet Hydrometeorological Service
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-087A[02/09/2010 0:22:34]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This was the 22nd fully operational meteorological satellite inthe Soviet Meteor 1 program. The satellite was placed in anear-circular, near-polar orbit to provide global observations ofthe earth's weather systems, cloud cover, ice and snow fields,vertical profiles of temperature and moisture, and relected andemitted radiation from the dayside and nightside of the earth-atmosphere system for operational use by the SovietHydrometeorological Service. Its 900-km orbit seemed to verifya continued effort by the USSR to place new Meteor satellitesin high orbit -- about 240 km higher than the orbits of earlyspacecraft in the series. Meteor 1 was equipped with twovidicon cameras with APT capability for taking daysidepictures, a scanning high-resolution IR radiometer, also withAPT capability, for taking dayside and nightside pictures, a setof actinometric instruments for making measurements of theearth's radiation field in the visual and infrared regions, and amedium-resolution scanning diffraction spectrometer fordetermining indirectly the vertical profiles of atmospherictemperature and humidity. The satellite was in the form of acylinder 5 m long and 1.5 m in diameter with two large solarpanels attached to tht sides. The solar panels wereautomatically oriented toward the sun so as to provide thespacecraft with the maximum amount of solar power. Meteor 1was oriented toward the earth by gravity-gradient control of the3 axes. The X and Y axes were mechanically stabilized by asystem of flywheels whose kinetic energy was dampened bythe use of controlled electromagnets on board that interactedwith the magnetic field of the earth. The instruments werehoused in the base of the satellite, which pointed toward theearth, while the solar sensors were mounted in the top section.The operational 'Meteor' weather satellite system usuallyconsists of two satellites spaced at 90-deg intervals. Thisallowed for nearly continuous monitoring of the formation,development, and movement of major weather systems. Whenwithin communication range, the data acquired weretransmitted directly to the ground receiving centers in Moscow,Novosibirsk, or Vladivostok or to APT-equipped stations withinthe USSR. During its passes over regions beyondcommunication range, Meteor 1 recorded the TV and IRpictures, spectrometer data, and actinometric data and storedthem on board until the satellite passed over one of thereceiving centers. The Meteorological data received at thesecenters were processed, reduced, and sent to theHydrometeorological Center in Moscow, where they wereanalyzed and used for preparing various forecast and analysisproducts. Some of the TV and IR pictures were thendistributed in real time to various meteorological centersaround the world.
Meteor 1-22
NSSDC ID: 1975-087A
Alternate Names
Meteor 1-22
08293
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-18LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2200.0 kg
Funding Agency
SovietHydrometeorologicalService (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Meteor 1-22
Experiments on Meteor 1-22
Data collections fromMeteor 1-22
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-087A[02/09/2010 0:22:34]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Project Manager Soviet Hydrometeorological Service
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-124A[02/09/2010 0:23:14]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This was the 23rd fully operational meteorological satellite inthe Soviet Meteor 1 program. The satellite was placed in anear-circular, near-polar orbit to provide global observations ofthe earth's weather systems, cloud cover, ice and snow fields,vertical profiles of temperature and moisture, and relected andemitted radiation from the dayside and nightside of the earth-atmosphere system for operational use by the SovietHydrometeorological Service. Its 900-km orbit seemed to verifya continued effort by the USSR to place new Meteor satellitesin high orbit -- about 240 km higher than the orbits of earlyspacecraft in the series. Meteor 1 was equipped with twovidicon cameras with APT capability for taking daysidepictures, a scanning high-resolution IR radiometer, also withAPT capability, for taking dayside and nightside pictures, a setof actinometric instruments for making measurements of theearth's radiation field in the visual and infrared regions, and amedium-resolution scanning diffraction spectrometer fordetermining indirectly the vertical profiles of atmospherictemperature and humidity. The satellite was in the form of acylinder 5 m long and 1.5 m in diameter with two large solarpanels attached to tht sides. The solar panels wereautomatically oriented toward the sun so as to provide thespacecraft with the maximum amount of solar power. Meteor 1was oriented toward the earth by gravity-gradient control of the3 axes. The X and Y axes were mechanically stabilized by asystem of flywheels whose kinetic energy was dampened bythe use of controlled electromagnets on board that interactedwith the magnetic field of the earth. The instruments werehoused in the base of the satellite, which pointed toward theearth, while the solar sensors were mounted in the top section.The operational 'Meteor' weather satellite system usuallyconsists of two satellites spaced at 90-deg intervals. Thisallowed for nearly continuous monitoring of the formation,development, and movement of major weather systems. Whenwithin communication range, the data acquired weretransmitted directly to the ground receiving centers in Moscow,Novosibirsk, or Vladivostok or to APT-equipped stations withinthe USSR. During its passes over regions beyondcommunication range, Meteor 1 recorded the TV and IRpictures, spectrometer data, and actinometric data and storedthem on board until the satellite passed over one of thereceiving centers. The Meteorological data received at thesecenters were processed, reduced, and sent to theHydrometeorological Center in Moscow, where they wereanalyzed and used for preparing various forecast and analysisproducts. Some of the TV and IR pictures were thendistributed in real time to various meteorological centersaround the world.
Meteor 1-23
NSSDC ID: 1975-124A
Alternate Names
Meteor 1-23
08519
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-25LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2200.0 kg
Funding Agency
SovietHydrometeorologicalService (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Meteor 1-23
Experiments on Meteor 1-23
Data collections fromMeteor 1-23
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-124A[02/09/2010 0:23:14]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Project Scientist Soviet Hydrometeorological Service
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-064A[02/09/2010 0:24:23]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Meteor 2-1
NSSDC ID: 1975-064A
Alternate Names
Meteor 2-1
08026
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-07-11LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2800.0 kg
Funding Agency
SovietHydrometeorologicalService (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Meteor 2-1
Experiments on Meteor 2-1
Data collections fromMeteor 2-1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-064A[02/09/2010 0:24:23]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Project Manager Soviet Hydrometeorological Service
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-036A[02/09/2010 0:24:50]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Molniya 1/29 was a first-generation Russian communicationsatellite orbited to test and perfect a system of radiocommunications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbtial correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived at 1000 MHz. Television service was provided in afrequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w. Molniya 1/29,whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 m in diameter,was much heavier than corresponding U.S. COMSATs, and ithad about 10 times the power output of the Early BirdCOMSAT. In addition, it did not employ a synchronousequatorial orbit as do most U.S. COMSATs because such anorbit would not provide coverage for areas north of 70 deg nlatitude. Instead, the satellite was boosted from a low-altitudeparking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit with two high apogeesdaily over the northern hemisphere -- one over Russia and oneover North America -- and relatively low perigees over thesouthern hemipshere. During its apogee, Molniya 1/29remained relatively stationary with respect to the earth belowfor nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three or more Molniya 1satellites in this type of orbit, spacing them suitably, andshifting their orbital planes relative to each other by 120 deg, a24-hr/day communication system could be obtained.
Molniya 1-29
NSSDC ID: 1975-036A
Alternate Names
Molniya 1ZE
07780
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-29LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-29
Experiments on Molniya 1-29
Data collections fromMolniya 1-29
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-049A[02/09/2010 0:25:13]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Molniya 1/30 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/30, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/30 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ofmore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 1-30
NSSDC ID: 1975-049A
Alternate Names
Molniya 1ZF
07903
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-30
Experiments on Molniya 1-30
Data collections fromMolniya 1-30
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-079A[02/09/2010 0:25:45]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Molniya 1/31 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that contorlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/31, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATS, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/31 remained relatively staionary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ormore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 1-31
NSSDC ID: 1975-079A
Alternate Names
Molniya 1ZG
08187
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-02LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-31
Experiments on Molniya 1-31
Data collections fromMolniya 1-31
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-009A[02/09/2010 0:26:23]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Molniya 2/12 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 2/12, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 2/12 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ofmore Molniya 2 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 2-12
NSSDC ID: 1975-009A
Alternate Names
Molniya 2M
07641
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-06LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1250.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 2-12
Experiments on Molniya 2-12
Data collections fromMolniya 2-12
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-063A[02/09/2010 0:26:52]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Molniya 2/13 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 2/13, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 2/13 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ofmore Molniya 2 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 2-13
NSSDC ID: 1975-063A
Alternate Names
Molniya 2N
08015
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-07-08LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1250.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 2-13
Experiments on Molniya 2-13
Data collections fromMolniya 2-13
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-081A[02/09/2010 0:27:16]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Molniya 2/14 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 2/14, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 2/14 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ofmore Molniya 2 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 2-14
NSSDC ID: 1975-081A
Alternate Names
Molniya 2P
08195
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-09LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 2-14
Experiments on Molniya 2-14
Data collections fromMolniya 2-14
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-121A[02/09/2010 0:27:45]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Molniya 2-15 was a Soviet communications satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk Cosmodrome aboard a Molniya 8K78Mrocket. Its purpose was to continue operation of the long-rangetelephone and telegraph radio- communication system withinthe Soviet Union and the transmission of USSR centraltelevision programms to stations in the Orbita and participatinginternational networks.
Molniya 2-15
NSSDC ID: 1975-121A
Alternate Names
Molniya 2Q
08492
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-17LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1250.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 2-15
Experiments on Molniya 2-15
Data collections fromMolniya 2-15
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-029A[02/09/2010 0:28:19]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The Molniya-3 Soviet communications satellites were used tocreate the 'Orbita' communications system for northernregions, with groups of four satellites. The first Molniya 3spacecraft appeared in 1974, primarily to support civilcommunications (domestic and international), with a slightlyenhanced electrical power system and a communicationspayload of three 6/4 GHz transponders with power outputs of40 W or 80 W. The land segment used a 12 m diameterparabolic antenna, which was pointed automatically at thesatellite using autonomous electromechanical equipment. Laterversions were to be part of the YeSSS Unified SatelliteCommunications System. Trials of this version began in the1980's, with the system being accepted by the Russian militaryin 1983-1985.
Molniya 3- 2
NSSDC ID: 1975-029A
Alternate Names
Molniya 3B
07738
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-14LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 3-2
Experiments on Molniya 3-2
Data collections fromMolniya 3- 2
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-105A[02/09/2010 0:29:21]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The Molniya-3 Soviet communications satellites were used tocreate the 'Orbita' communications system for northernregions, with groups of four satellites. The first Molniya 3spacecraft appeared in 1974, primarily to support civilcommunications (domestic and international), with a slightlyenhanced electrical power system and a communicationspayload of three 6/4 GHz transponders with power outputs of40 W or 80 W. The land segment used a 12 m diameterparabolic antenna, which was pointed automatically at thesatellite using autonomous electromechanical equipment. Laterversions were to be part of the YeSSS Unified SatelliteCommunications System. Trials of this version began in the1980's, with the system being accepted by the Russian militaryin 1983-1985.
Molniya 3- 3
NSSDC ID: 1975-105A
Alternate Names
Molniya 3C
08425
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-11-14LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 3-3
Experiments on Molniya 3-3
Data collections fromMolniya 3- 3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-125A[02/09/2010 0:29:49]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The Molniya-3 Soviet communications satellites were used tocreate the 'Orbita' communications system for northernregions, with groups of four satellites. The first Molniya 3spacecraft appeared in 1974, primarily to support civilcommunications (domestic and international), with a slightlyenhanced electrical power system and a communicationspayload of three 6/4 GHz transponders with power outputs of40 W or 80 W. The land segment used a 12 m diameterparabolic antenna, which was pointed automatically at thesatellite using autonomous electromechanical equipment. Laterversions were to be part of the YeSSS Unified SatelliteCommunications System. Trials of this version began in the1980's, with the system being accepted by the Russian militaryin 1983-1985.
Molniya 3- 4
NSSDC ID: 1975-125A
Alternate Names
Molniya 3D
08521
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-27LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 3-4
Experiments on Molniya 3-4
Data collections fromMolniya 3- 4
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=NEMS[02/09/2010 0:30:09]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This satellite was part of ESRO's contirbution to theInternational Magnetospheric Study. Its mission was to supportthe scientific observations of the ESRO GEOS program and toenhance studies of the polar ionosphere and its coupling withthe magnetosphere. The satellite was to be magneticallystabilized. The experiments would have included particle andfield experiments, ionospheric composition experiments, andobservations of VLF radio noise.
NEMS
NSSDC ID: NEMS
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-01LaunchVehicle: DiamantLaunch Site: Kourou,French Guiana
Funding Agency
European Space Agency(International)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for NEMS
Experiments on NEMS
Data collections fromNEMS
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-052A[02/09/2010 0:30:38]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The Nimbus 6 research-and-development satellite served as astabilized, earth-oriented platform for testing advancedsystems for sensing and collecting meteorological data on aglobal scale. The polar-orbiting spacecraft consisted of threemajor structures: (1) a hollow torus-shaped sensor mount, (2)solar paddles, and (3) a control housing unit connected to thesensor mount by a tripod truss structure. Configured somewhatlike an ocean buoy, Nimbus 6 was nearly 3.7 m tall, 1.5 m indiameter at the base, and about 3 m wide with solar paddlesextended. The sensor mount that formed the satellite basehoused the electronics equipment and battery modules. Thelower surface of the torus provided mounting space forsensors and antennas. A box-beam structure mounted withinthe center of the torus supported the larger sensorexperiments. Mounted on the control housing unit, which waslocated on top of the spacecraft, were sun sensors, horizonscanners, and a command antenna. The spacecraft spin axiswas pointed at the earth. An advanced attitude-control systempermitted the spacecraft's orientation to be controlled to withinplus or minus 1 deg in all three axes (pitch, roll, and yaw). Thenine experiments selected for Nimbus 6 were (1) earthradiation budget (ERB), (2) electrically scanning microwaveradiometer (ESMR), (3) high-resolution infrared radiationsounder (HIRS), (4) limb radiance inversion radiometer (LRIR),(5) pressure modulated radiometer (PMR), (6) scanningmicrowave spectrometer (SCAMS), (7) temperature-humidityinfrared radiometer (THIR), (8) tracking and data relayexperiment (T+DRE), and (9) tropical wind energy conversionand reference level experiment (TWERLE). This complementof advanced sensors was capable of (1) mapping tropospherictemperature, water vapor abundance, and cloud water content;(2) providing vertical profiles of temperature, ozone, and watervapor; (3) transmitting real-time data to a geostationaryspacecraft (ATS 6); and (4) yielding data on the earth'sradiation budget. A more detailed description can be found in"The Nimbus 6 User's Guide" (TRF B23261), available fromNSSDC.
Nimbus 6
NSSDC ID: 1975-052A
Alternate Names
Nimbus-F
07924
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-12Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 585.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Nimbus 6
Experiments on Nimbus 6
Data collections fromNimbus 6
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-052A[02/09/2010 0:30:38]
Mr. Charles M.MacKenzie
ProjectManager
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Dr. Albert J. Fleig,Jr.
ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
afleig@ltpsun.gsfc.nasa.gov
Dr. George F.Esenwein, Jr.
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Mr. Paul Shapiro GeneralContact
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-057A[02/09/2010 0:31:09]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The objectives of the OSO satellite series were to performsolar physics experiments above the atmosphere during acomplete solar cycle and to map the entire celestial sphere fordirection and intensity of UV light, X-ray radiation, andgamma-ray radiation. The OSO 8 platform consisted of a sailsection, which pointed two experiments continually toward thesun, and a wheel section, which spun about an axisperpendicular to the pointing direction of the sail and carriedfive experiments. Gas jets and a magnetic torquing coilperformed attitude adjustment. Pointing control permitted thepointed experiments to scan the region of the solar disk in a40- by 40-arc-min to 60- by 60-arc-min raster pattern. Inaddition, the pointed section was capable of beingcommanded to select and scan a 1- by 1-arc-min or 5- by 5-arc-min region anywhere on the solar disk. Data weresimultaneously recorded on tape and transmitted by PCM/PMtelemetry. A command system provided for at least 512ground-based commands. For more information, see S. P.Maran and R. J. Thomas, Sky & Teles., v. 49, p. 355, 1975.
OSO 8
NSSDC ID: 1975-057A
Alternate Names
OSO-I
07970
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-21Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 4280.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience (United States)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Solar Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for OSO 8
Experiments on OSO 8
Data collections from OSO8
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Michael E. Program NASA Headquarters
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-057A[02/09/2010 0:31:09]
McDonald Manager
Dr. Roger J.Thomas
ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
thomas@jet.gsfc.nasa.gov
Dr. J. DavidBohlin
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters
Mr. J. PatrickCorrigan, III
ProjectManager
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
US Active Archive for OSO-8 Information/Data
The OSO-8 Archive at HEASARC
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-070A[02/09/2010 0:31:31]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
China used the FB-1 booster to launched the 1,100 kilogramJSSW (Ji Shu Shiyan Weixing or "Technical Test Satellite")series, the precise mission of which remains somewhatobscure. Three failures resulted from the total of six launchattempts between September 1973 and November 1976, withtwo successful missions probably placing radio-downlinkimagery intelligence spacecraft into orbit. The final successfullaunch in this puzzling series, the JSSW-3 flight of August 30,1976, placed its payload into an eliptical orbit with a perigee ofsome 190 km, but with an apogee of over 2,100 km (versusthe average 400 km apogee of the other two successfulmissions). This much higher apogee in one piece in the puzzlethat propted speculation that the JSSW-3 mission carried anelectronic intelligence payload.
Because of the association of the JSSW series with the FB-1booster, it is reasonable to believe that the JSSW spacecraftwere the product of the same Shanghai Bureau that producedthis launch vehicle, and that the JSSW satellite program mayhave shared both the technical and political woes of the FB-1and the Shanghia Bureau.
PRC 3
NSSDC ID: 1975-070A
Alternate Names
1975-070A
China 3
Mao 3
JSSW-1
08053
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-07-26Launch Vehicle: FB-1Launch Site: Jiuquan,Peoples Republic of ChinaMass: 1107.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (PeoplesRepublic of China)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for PRC 3
Experiments on PRC 3
Data collections from PRC3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-111A[02/09/2010 0:32:31]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
PRC 4 was a Chinese military photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Jiuquan site aboard a CZ-2C rocket. It wasChina's first retrievable satellite. Ten days after launch theXian ground station commanded the satellite to reenter in therecovery zone at Liuzhi Guizhou Province in southwest China.Although the outer part of the reentry vehicle was damaged onreentry due to defective materials, the imagery intelligencehardware and film were not damaged and the mission wasjudged a success.
PRC 4
NSSDC ID: 1975-111A
Alternate Names
China 4
Mao 4
FSW-0 1
08452
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-11-26Launch Vehicle: ChangZheng 2Launch Site: ShuangCheng-Tzu, PeoplesRepublic of ChinaMass: 2500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (PeoplesRepublic of China)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for PRC 4
Experiments on PRC 4
Data collections from PRC4
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-119A[02/09/2010 0:33:23]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
China used the FB-1 booster to launched the 1,100 kilogramJSSW (Ji Shu Shiyan Weixing or "Technical Test Satellite")series, the precise mission of which remains somewhatobscure. Three failures resulted from the total of six launchattempts between September 1973 and November 1976, withtwo successful missions probably placing radio-downlinkimagery intelligence spacecraft into orbit. The final successfullaunch in this puzzling series, the JSSW-3 flight of August 30,1976, placed its payload into an eliptical orbit with a perigee ofsome 190 km, but with an apogee of over 2,100 km (versusthe average 400 km apogee of the other two successfulmissions). This much higher apogee in one piece in the puzzlethat propted speculation that the JSSW-3 mission carried anelectronic intelligence payload.
Because of the association of the JSSW series with the FB-1booster, it is reasonable to believe that the JSSW spacecraftwere the product of the same Shanghai Bureau that producedthis launch vehicle, and that the JSSW satellite program mayhave shared both the technical and political woes of the FB-1and the Shanghia Bureau.
PRC 5
NSSDC ID: 1975-119A
Alternate Names
China 5
Mao 5
JSSW-2
08488
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-16Launch Vehicle: FB-1Launch Site: ShuangCheng-Tzu, PeoplesRepublic of ChinaMass: 1110.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (PeoplesRepublic of China)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for PRC 5
Experiments on PRC 5
Data collections from PRC5
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-122A[02/09/2010 0:33:58]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The spacecraft was a contribution to the InternationalMagnetospheric Study (IMS) program, which carriedexperiments to investigate solar corpuscular, x-ray, and radioemissions, as well as to measure energetic particles, plasma,and magnetic fields in the magnetosphere and theinterplanetary medium. In a cooperative program withscientists of the socialist countries, sounding rockets werelaunched to altitudes greater than 500 km to study theinteraction of shortwave solar radiation with the atmosphereand ionosphere and to make in situ measurements of variousparameters in these regions of space.
Prognoz 4
NSSDC ID: 1975-122A
Alternate Names
08510
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-22LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 905.0 kg
Funding Agency
Soviet Academy ofSciences (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Prognoz 4
Experiments on Prognoz 4
Data collections fromPrognoz 4
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-122A[02/09/2010 0:33:58]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Albert A.Galeev
ProjectScientist
Institut Kosmicheskich Issledovaniya(Institute of Space Research)
agaleev@iki.rssi.ru
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-123A[02/09/2010 0:34:34]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Raduga 1 was a Soviet communications satellite launched fromthe Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Proton rocket. It provideduninterupted round-the-clock telephone and telegraph radio-communications in the USSR, and transmitted centraltelevision programs to stations in the Orbita network andinternational cooperation.
Raduga 1
NSSDC ID: 1975-123A
Alternate Names
08513
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-22Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 5000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Raduga 1
Experiments on Raduga 1
Data collections fromRaduga 1
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-117A[02/09/2010 0:35:03]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The RCA-A commercial communications spacecraft wasdesigned to transmit voice, data, facsimile, and telexmessages to and from Alaska, Hawaii, and the continentalUnited States. The three-axis stabilized spacecraft measuredapproximately 1.2m x 1.6 m for the baseplate and 1.2 m n mainbody height. The communications system used 6-GHz uplinkand 4-GHz downlink signals. Frequency and polarizationinterleaving of the separate channels was employed to achieve24 channels, each having a 36-MHz usable bandwidth withinthe 500-MHz allocation. A broad beam was used to providecommunications on all 24 channels with Alaska and the lower48 states. A spot beam provided communications on 12 of thechannels with Hawaii. The spacecraft was successfullylaunched and placed in a geosynchronous orbit with allsystems working satisfactorily. It was positioned atapproximately 119 deg west longitude above the equator.
RCA-SATCOM 1
NSSDC ID: 1975-117A
Alternate Names
RCA-A
RCA-SATCOM-A
08476
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-13Launch Vehicle: LongTank Thrust AugmentedThor-DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 869.5 kg
Funding Agencies
Unknown (International)
Radio Corporation ofAmerica (United States)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for RCA-SATCOM 1
Experiments on RCA-SATCOM 1
Data collections from RCA-SATCOM 1
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=RM20[02/09/2010 0:35:30]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This satellite was a low-altitude satellite in circular orbitcarrying four experiments. Two of the experiments were tostudy radiation from the earth horizon. A third experiment wasto observe solar extinction through the stratosphere, and thefourth was to study ionospheric radio propagation. Thespacecraft experiment support equipment included a three-axisstabilization system and a tape recorder.
RM 20
NSSDC ID: RM20
Alternate Names
ST 72-2A
SESP P72-2A
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-04-12Launch Vehicle: AtlasFLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 204.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for RM 20
Experiments on RM 20
Data collections from RM20
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=RM20[02/09/2010 0:35:30]
Mr. R. A. Kuiper Program Scientist Aerospace Corporation
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-114B[02/09/2010 0:35:52]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This US Air Force electronics intelligence satellite waslaunched from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket. Notidentified as a subsatellite ferret by McDowell.
S3-2
NSSDC ID: 1975-114B
Alternate Names
SESP S73-6
08468
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-12-03Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-DLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 60.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for S3-2
Experiments on S3-2
Data collections from S3-2
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-114B[02/09/2010 0:35:52]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. John R.Stevens
ProjectScientist
Aerospace Corporation
ProjectManager
US Air Force Los Angeles Space and MissileSystems
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=SS75-1A[02/09/2010 0:36:13]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
S75-1
NSSDC ID: SS75-1A
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-11-01Launch Vehicle: nullLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United States
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for S75-1
Experiments on S75-1
Data collections from S75-1
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-037A[02/09/2010 0:36:40]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
SAS-C was the third in the series of small spacecraft whoseobjectives were to survey the celestial sphere for sourcesradiating in the X-ray, gamma-ray, UV, and other spectralregions. The primary missions of SAS-C were to measure theX-ray emission of discrete extragalactic sources, to monitorthe intensity and spectra of galactic X-ray sources from 0.2 to60 keV, and to monitor the X-ray intensity of Scorpio X-1.
The spacecraft was launched from the San Marco platform offthe coast of Kenya, Africa, into a near-circular, equatorial orbit.This spacecraft contained four instruments: the ExtragalacticExperiment, the Galactic Monitor Experiment, the ScorpioMonitor Experiment, and the Galactic Absorption Experiment.In the orbital configuration, the spacecraft was 145.2 cm highand the tip-to-tip dimension was 470.3 cm. Four solar paddleswere used in conjunction with a 12-cell nickel-cadmium batteryto provide power over the entire orbit. The spacecraft wasstabilized along the Z axis and rotated at about 0.1 deg/s.Changes to the spin-axis orientation were by groundcommand, either delayed or in real time. The spacecraft couldbe made to move back and forth plus or minus 2.5 deg acrossa selected source along the X axis at 0.01 deg/s. Theexperiments looked along the Z axis of the spacecraft,perpendicular to it, and at an angle.
SAS-C
NSSDC ID: 1975-037A
Alternate Names
SAS 3
Explorer 53
Small Astonomical.Satellite 3
07788
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-07Launch Vehicle: ScoutLaunch Site: San MarcoPlatform, KenyaMass: 196.7 kgNominal Power: 65.0 W
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience (United States)
Discipline
Astronomy
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for SAS-C
Experiments on SAS-C
Data collections from SAS-C
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SAS-C
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-037A[02/09/2010 0:36:40]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Carl E.Fichtel
ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
fichtel@lheavx.gsfc.nasa.gov
Dr. Nancy G.Roman
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters nancy.g.roman@gsfc.nasa.gov
Dr. James E.Kupperian, Jr.
ProjectManager
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Mr. John R.Holtz
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
Uhuru (SAS-A)SAS-B
US Active Archive for SAS-C Information/Data
The SAS-3 Archive at HEASARC
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=SIRIO-B[02/09/2010 0:37:02]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This satellite will be Italy's contribution to the InternationalMagnetoshperic Study. This satellite will be geostationary andwill contain experiments relevant to the magnetosphere.
Sirio-B
NSSDC ID: SIRIO-B
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-01-01Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United States
Funding Agency
Unknown (Italy)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Sirio-B
Experiments on Sirio-B
Data collections from Sirio-B
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-011A[02/09/2010 0:37:23]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The SMS 2, a NASA-developed, NOAA-operated spacecraft,carried (1) a visible-infrared spin-scan radiometer (VISSR) toprovide high-quality day/night cloudcover data and to takeradiance temperatures of the earth/atmosphere system, (2) ameteorological data collection and transmission system torelay processed data from central weather facilities to smallAPT-equipped regional stations and to collect and retransmitdata from remote earth-based platforms, and (3) a spaceenvironment monitor (SEM) system to measure proton,electron, and solar X-ray fluxes and magnetic fields. The spin-stabilized, earth-synchronous, and cylindrically shapedspacecraft measured 190.5 cm in diam and 230 cm in length,exclusive of a magnetometer that extended an additional 83cm beyond the cylinder shell. The primary structural memberswere a honeycomb equipment shelf and a thrust tube. TheVISSR telescope was mounted on the equipment shelf andviewed the earth through a special aperture in the side of thespacecraft. A support structure extended radially out from thethrust tube and was affixed to the solar panels, which formedthe outer walls of the spacecraft. Located in the annulus-shaped space between the thrust tube and the solar panelswere stationkeeping and dynamics control equipment,batteries, and most of the SEM equipment. Proper spacecraftattitude and spin rate (approximately 100 rpm) weremaintained by two separate sets of jet thrusters mountedaround the spacecraft equator and activated by groundcommand. Both UHF-band and S-band frequencies were usedin the telemetry and command subsystems. A low-power VHFtransponder provided telemetry and command during launch,and then served as a backup for the primary subsystem afterthe synchronous orbit was attained. For more detailedinformation, see "The GOES/SMS User's Guide."
SMS 2
NSSDC ID: 1975-011A
Alternate Names
Synch. Meteorol. Sat. B
ME02
07648
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-06Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 243.0 kg
Funding Agencies
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
NOAA NationalEnvironmental SatelliteService (United States)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for SMS 2
Experiments on SMS 2
Data collections from SMS2
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-011A[02/09/2010 0:37:23]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Thomas J.Karras
ProjectManager
NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data andInformation Service
Mr. William E.Shenk
ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-001A[02/09/2010 0:37:45]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Soyuz 17 was a manned Soviet mission launched from theBaikonur Cosmodrome and docked with the Salyut 4 spacestation. The flight crew consisted of Cosmonauts Grechko andGubarev. It returned to Earth almost 30 days later on February9, 1975 11:03 GMT, and landed 110 km NE of Tselinograd.
Soyuz 17
NSSDC ID: 1975-001A
Alternate Names
07604
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-01-11LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6570.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Human Crew
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 17
Experiments on Soyuz 17
Data collections fromSoyuz 17
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-044A[02/09/2010 0:38:07]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Soyuz 18 was a manned Soviet mission launched from theBaikonur Cosmodrome. The flight crew consisted ofCosmonauts Kilmuk and Sevastyanov. It docked with theSalyut 4 space station and was recovered on July 26, 197514:18 GMT after 63 days. It landed 56 km E of Arkalyk.
Soyuz 18
NSSDC ID: 1975-044A
Alternate Names
07818
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-05-24LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6570.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Human Crew
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 18
Experiments on Soyuz 18
Data collections fromSoyuz 18
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-106A[02/09/2010 0:38:27]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Soyuz 20 was an unmanned spacecraft launched by theUSSR. It was a long duration test of the Soyuz transportvehicle that docked with the Salyut 4 space station. It wasrecovered on February 16, 1976 2:24 GMT. Soyuz 20performed comprehensive checking of improved on-boardsystems of the spacecraft under various flight conditions. Italso carried a biological payload. Living organisms wereexposed to three months in space.
Soyuz 20
NSSDC ID: 1975-106A
Alternate Names
08430
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-11-17LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6570.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 20
Experiments on Soyuz 20
Data collections fromSoyuz 20
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-049B[02/09/2010 0:38:48]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
SRET 2 (MAS 2) was a French satellite launched with Molniya1-30 by the USSR on one booster rocket.
SRET 2
NSSDC ID: 1975-049B
Alternate Names
07910
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 30.0 kg
Funding Agencies
Unknown (France)
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for SRET 2
Experiments on SRET 2
Data collections fromSRET 2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-051C[02/09/2010 0:39:10]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This US Air Force electronics intelligence satellite waslaunched from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket.
SSU 1/1
NSSDC ID: 1975-051C
Alternate Names
07937
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-08Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-DLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 60.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for SSU 1/1
Experiments on SSU 1/1
Data collections from SSU1/1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-010A[02/09/2010 0:39:31]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The two primary goals of this satellite were to minimize theeffects of non-gravitational forces and to obtain the highestpossible accuracy for laser range measurements. The satellitewas spherically shaped with a 12-cm radius. The core was analloy of uranium 238 and 1.5% molybdenum. The skinconsisted of 20 spherical caps made of an alloy of aluminumand 5% magnesium with triangular bases. Each cap containedthree laser corner cubes. The corner cubes were fused silicatrihedrons with circular apertures made of suprasil 1 with silvercoatings covered by inconel. For Groupe de Recherches deGeodesie Spatiale (GRGS), the principal objective was tostudy earth and ocean tides by (1) the determination of thesecond harmonics (amplitude and phase) of the mainsemidiurnal oceanic tides (M and S) and, if possible, of thediurnal K, O, and P tides; and (2) the determination of thedissipation in the solid earth and in the oceans (Q).
Starlette
NSSDC ID: 1975-010A
Alternate Names
07646
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-06LaunchVehicle: DiamantLaunch Site: Kourou,French GuianaMass: 47.3 kg
Funding Agency
Centre National d'EtudesSpatiales (France)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Starlette
Experiments on Starlette
Data collections fromStarlette
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-077A[02/09/2010 0:39:55]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
Symphonie 2 was a French-German, geostationary, equatorialexperimental communications satellite. The satellite body wasa right hexagonal prism, 1.85-m maximum diameter and 0.5-mhigh. Several antennas and other appendages were mountedon the ends, and three sets of symmetrically placed solarpanels extended outward a distance of 2.6 m from alternateedges of the spacecraft. A flywheel operated attitude controlsystem was maintaining attitude along three axes. A positiveorbit control system placed the spacecraft at a desiredlongitude and was being used to maintain that position. Itprovided 1200 telephone circuits and eight voice and two colorTV channels which operate between 4 and 6 GHz.
Symphonie 2
NSSDC ID: 1975-077A
Alternate Names
Symphonie-B
08132
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-27Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agencies
Centre National d'EtudesSpatiales (France)
Unknown (United States)
Gesellschaft fuerWeltraumforschung,Germany (FederalRepublic of Germany)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation forSymphonie 2
Experiments onSymphonie 2
Data collections fromSymphonie 2
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-077A[02/09/2010 0:39:55]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. P. Viellard Project Manager Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
Mr. Robert J. Goss General Contact NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. Burkhard Pfeiffer Project Manager Ges fur Weltraumforschung
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-014A[02/09/2010 0:40:27]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
SRATS/Taiyo (Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite)was an aeronomy research satellite. It had an octagonalcolumn form (75 cm in diameter and 65 cm in height), in whichthe experiment instruments were mounted. The satellite wasspin stabilized in a rolling wheel mode by a geomagneticattitude control system. Four plasma probes were extendedperpendicular to the spin axis by 0.5-m metallic booms. Powerat an average rate of 15 W was provided by 6000 silicon n-psolar cells. The objectives of the satellite were to study theionosphere systematically by simultaneously observing solarionizing radiations (hydrogen Lyman-Alpha and X rays), theultraviolet albedo of the earth, positive ion composition, andplasma parameters such as electron and ion densities andtemperatures in the ionosphere.
Taiyo
NSSDC ID: 1975-014A
Alternate Names
SRATS
Solar Radiation andThermospheric Satellite
07671
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-02-24Launch Vehicle: MuLaunch Site: UchinouraSpace Center, JapanMass: 86.0 kgNominal Power: 15.0 W
Funding Agency
Institute of Space andAeronautical Science, Uof Tokyo (Japan)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Taiyo
Experiments on Taiyo
Data collections from Taiyo
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.
Personnel
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Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-014A[02/09/2010 0:40:27]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Prof. Kunio Hirao Project Manager Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-099A[02/09/2010 0:40:54]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
TIP 2 was the second in a series of improved naviagationsatellites for the US Navy.
TIP 2
NSSDC ID: 1975-099A
Alternate Names
TRIAD 2
08361
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-10-12Launch Vehicle: ScoutLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 94.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the Navy(United States)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for TIP 2
Experiments on TIP 2
Data collections from TIP 2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-050A[02/09/2010 0:41:21]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This spacecraft entered Venus orbit and was separated fromthe lander on October 20, 1975, after about 4.5 months offlight. The orbiter mission was to act as a communicationsrelay for the lander and to explore cloud layers andatmospheric parameters with instruments including a French3500 angstrom UV photometer, a 4000-7000 angstrom photo-polarimeter, a 1.5 to 3 micron infrared spectrometer, and a 8 -30 micron infrared radiometer. The orbiter also carried amagnetometer and charged particle traps. Some reportsindicated a camera system was also aboard. The orbiterconsisted of a cylinder with two solar panel wings and a highgain parabolic antenna attached to the curved surface. A bell-shaped unit holding propulsion systems was attached to thebottom of the cylinder, and mounted on top was a 2.4 metersphere which held the landers. At launch the Venera 9spacecraft, including the lander, had a mass of 4936 kg.
Venera 9
NSSDC ID: 1975-050A
Alternate Names
Venera 9 Orbiter
Venus 9
07915
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-08Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 2300.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Venera 9
Experiments on Venera 9
Data collections fromVenera 9
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
Venera 9
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-050A[02/09/2010 0:41:21]
Mr. Artem Ivankov General Contact Lavochkin Association artem.ivankov@laspace.ru
Selected References
Harvey, B., The new Russian space programme from competition to collaboration, John Wiley &Sons, Chichester, England, 1996.
Johnson, N. L., Handbook of soviet lunar and planetary exploration - volume 47 science andtechnology series, Amer. Astronau. Soc. Publ., 1979.
Venera 9 Lander
Venera Home PageVenus Home PageVenera lander images of the surface of Venus - and other Venus images
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-050D[02/09/2010 0:42:26]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
On October 20, 1975, this spacecraft was separated from theOrbiter, and landing was made with the sun near zenith at0513 UT on October 22. A system of circulating fluid was usedto distribute the heat load. This system, plus precooling prior toentry, permitted operation of the spacecraft for 53 min afterlanding. During descent, heat dissipation and decelerationwere accomplished sequentially by protective hemisphericshells, three parachutes, a disk-shaped drag brake, and acompressible, metal, doughnut-shaped, landing cushion. Thelanding was about 2,200 km from the Venera 10 landing site.Preliminary results indicated: (A) clouds 30-40 km thick withbases at 30-35 km altitude, (B) atmospheric constituentsincluding HCl, HF, Br, and I, (C) surface pressure about 90(earth) atmospheres, (D) surface temperature 485 deg C, (E)light levels comparable to those at earth midlatitudes on acloudy summer day, and (F) successful TV photographyshowing shadows, no apparent dust in the air, and a variety of30-40 cm rocks which were not eroded.
Venera 9 Descent Craft
NSSDC ID: 1975-050D
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-08Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 2015.0 kg
Funding Agency
Soviet Academy ofSciences (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Venera 9Descent Craft
Experiments on Venera 9Descent Craft
Data collections fromVenera 9 Descent Craft
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Artem Ivankov General Contact Lavochkin Association artem.ivankov@laspace.ru
Selected References
Harvey, B., The new Russian space programme from competition to collaboration, John Wiley &Sons, Chichester, England, 1996.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Venera 9 Descent Craft
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-050D[02/09/2010 0:42:26]
Johnson, N. L., Handbook of soviet lunar and planetary exploration - volume 47 science andtechnology series, Amer. Astronau. Soc. Publ., 1979.
Venera descent module during landing testVenera 9 Orbiter
Venera Home PageVenus Home PageVenera lander images of the surface of Venus - and other Venus images
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-054A[02/09/2010 0:42:54]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
This spacecraft entered Venus orbit and was separated fromthe lander on October 23, 1975 after about 4.5 months of flight.The orbiter mission was to serve as a communications relayfor the lander and to explore cloud layers and atmosphericparameters with instruments including a French 3500 angstromUV photometer, a 4000-7000 angstrom photo-polarimeter, a1.5 to 3 micron infrared spectrometer, and a 8 - 30 microninfrared radiometer. The orbiter also carried a magnetometerand charged particle traps. Some reports indicated a camerasystem was also aboard. The orbiter consisted of a cylinderwith two solar panel wings and a high gain parabolic antennaattached to the curved surface. A bell-shaped unit holdingpropulsion systems was attached to the bottom of the cylinder,and mounted on top was a 2.4 meter sphere which held thelanders. At launch the Venera 10 spacecraft, including lander,had a mass of 5033 kg.
Venera 10
NSSDC ID: 1975-054A
Alternate Names
Venera 10 Orbiter
07947
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-14Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 2300.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Planetary Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Venera 10
Experiments on Venera 10
Data collections fromVenera 10
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
Venera 10
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-054A[02/09/2010 0:42:54]
Mr. Artem Ivankov General Contact Lavochkin Association artem.ivankov@laspace.ru
Selected References
Harvey, B., The new Russian space programme from competition to collaboration, John Wiley &Sons, Chichester, England, 1996.
Johnson, N. L., Handbook of soviet lunar and planetary exploration - volume 47 science andtechnology series, Amer. Astronau. Soc. Publ., 1979.
Venera 10 Lander
Venera Home PageVenus Home PageVenera lander images of the surface of Venus - and other Venus images
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-054D[02/09/2010 0:43:55]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
On October 23, 1975, this spacecraft was separated from theOrbiter, and landing was made with the sun near zenith, at0517 UT, on October 25. A system of circulating fluid wasused to distribute the heat load. This system, plus precoolingprior to entry, permitted operation of the spacecraft for 65 minafter landing. During descent, heat dissipation anddeceleration were accomplished sequentially by protectivehemispheric shells, three parachutes, a disk-shaped dragbrake, and a compressible, metal, doughnut-shaped, landingcushion. The landing was about 2,200 km distant from Venera9. Preliminary results provided: (A) profile of altitude(km)/pressure (earth atmospheres)/temperature (deg C) of42/3.3/158, 15/37/363, and 0/92/465, (B) successful TVphotography showing large pancake rocks with lava or otherweathered rocks in between, and (C) surface wind speed of3.5 m/s.
Venera 10 Descent Craft
NSSDC ID: 1975-054D
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-06-14Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 2015.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Venera 10Descent Craft
Experiments on Venera 10Descent Craft
Data collections fromVenera 10 Descent Craft
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Artem Ivankov General Contact Lavochkin Association artem.ivankov@laspace.ru
Selected References
Surkov, Yu. A., et al., Investigations of the density of the Venusian surface rocks by Venera 10,
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
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Venera 10 Descent Craft
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-054D[02/09/2010 0:43:55]
Pres. at 19th COSPAR Plenary Meet., June 8-19, 1975, Philadelphia, PA.
Harvey, B., The new Russian space programme from competition to collaboration, John Wiley &Sons, Chichester, England, 1996.
Johnson, N. L., Handbook of soviet lunar and planetary exploration - volume 47 science andtechnology series, Amer. Astronau. Soc. Publ., 1979.
Venera descent module during landing testVenera 10 Orbiter
Venera Home PageVenus Home PageVenera lander images of the surface of Venus - and other Venus images
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-075C[02/09/2010 0:44:29]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The Viking project consisted of launches of two separatespacecraft to Mars, Viking 1, launched on 20 August 1975, andViking 2, launched on 9 September 1975. Each spacecraftconsisted of an orbiter and a lander. After orbiting Mars andreturning images used for landing site selection, the orbiter andlander detached and the lander entered the martianatmosphere and soft-landed at the selected site. The orbiterscontinued imaging and other scientific operations from orbitwhile the landers deployed instruments on the surface. Thefully fueled orbiter-lander pair had a mass of 3530 kg. Afterseparation and landing, the lander had a mass of about 600 kgand the orbiter 900 kg. The lander was encased in a bioshieldat launch to prevent contamination by terrestrial organisms.
Spacecraft and InstrumentationThe lander consisted of a six-sided aluminum base withalternate 1.09 m and .56 m long sides, supported on threeextended legs attached to the shorter sides. The leg footpadsformed the vertices of an equilateral triangle with 2.21 m sideswhen viewed from above, with the long sides of the baseforming a straight line with the two adjoining footpads.Instrumentation was attached to the top of the base, elevatedabove the surface by the extended legs. Power was providedby two radioisotope thermal generator (RTG) units containingplutonium 238 affixed to opposite sides of the lander base andcovered by wind screens. Each generator was 28 cm tall, 58cm in diameter, had a mass of 13.6 kg and provided 30 Wcontinuous power at 4.4 volts. Four wet-cell sealed nickel-cadmium 8 amp-hour, 28 volt rechargeable batteries were alsoonboard to handle peak power loads.
Propulsion was provided for deorbit by a monopropellanthydrazine (N2H4) rocket with 12 nozzles arranged in fourclusters of three that provided 32 N thrust, giving a delta-V of180 m/s. These nozzles also acted as the control thrusters fortranslation and rotation of the lander. Terminal descent andlanding was achieved by three (one affixed on each long sideof the base, separated by 120 degress) monopropellanthydrazine engines. The engines had 18 nozzles to dispersethe exhaust and minimize effects on the ground and werethrottleable from 276 N to 2667 N. The hydrazine was purifiedto prevent contamination of the martian surface. The landercarried 85 kg of propellant at launch, contained in twospherical titanium tanks mounted on opposite sides of thelander beneath the RTG windscreens, giving a total launchmass of 657 kg. Control was achieved through the use of aninertial reference unit, four gyros, an aerodecelerator, a radaraltimeter, a terminal descent and landing radar, and the controlthrusters.
Viking 1 Lander
NSSDC ID: 1975-075C
Alternate Names
Viking-B Lander
Viking Lander 1
Thomas Mutch MemorialStation
09024
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-20Launch Vehicle: TitanIIIE-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 572.0 kgNominal Power: 70.0 W
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Viking 1Lander
PDMP information forViking 1 Lander
Telecommunicationsinformation for Viking 1Lander
Experiments on Viking 1Lander
Data collections fromViking 1 Lander
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
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Viking 1 Lander
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Communications were accomplished through a 20 W S-bandtransmitter and two 20 W TWTA's. A 2-axis steerable high-gainparabolic antenna was mounted on a boom near one edge ofthe lander base. An omnidirectional low-gain S-band antennaalso extends from the base. Both these antennae allowed forcommunication directly with the Earth. A UHF (381 MHz)antenna provided a one-way relay to the orbiter using a 30 Wrelay radio. Data storage was on a 40 Mbit tape recorder, andthe lander computer had a 6000 word memory for commandinstructions.
The lander carried instruments to achieve the primary scientificobjectives of the lander mission: to study the biology, chemicalcomposition (organic and inorganic), meteorology, seismology,magnetic properties, appearance, and physical properties ofthe martian surface and atmosphere. Two 360-degreecylindrical scan cameras were mounted near one long side ofthe base. From the center of this side extended the samplerarm, with a collector head, temperature sensor, and magnet onthe end. A meteorology boom, holding temperature, winddirection, and wind velocity sensors extended out and up fromthe top of one of the lander legs. A seismometer, magnet andcamera test targets, and magnifying mirror are mountedopposite the cameras, near the high-gain antenna. An interiorenvironmentally controlled compartment held the biologyexperiment and the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer.The X-ray flourescence spectrometer was also mounted withinthe structure. A pressure sensor was attached under thelander body. The scientific payload had a total mass ofapproximately 91 kg.
Mission ProfileFollowing launch and a 304 day cruise to Mars, the orbiterbegan returning global images of Mars about 5 days beforeorbit insertion. The Viking 1 spacecraft was inserted into Marsorbit on 19 June 1976 and trimmed to a 1513 x 33,000 km,24.66 hr site certification orbit on 21 June. Imaging ofcandidate sites was begun and the landing site was selectedbased on these pictures. The lander and its aeroshellseparated from the orbiter on 20 July 08:51 UT. At the time ofseparation, the lander was orbiting at about 4 km/s. Afterseparation rockets fired to begin lander deorbit. After a fewhours at about 300 km altitude, the lander was reoriented forentry. The aeroshell with its ablatable heat shield slowed thecraft as it plunged through the atmosphere. During this time,entry science experiments were performed. At 6 km altitude atabout 250 m/s the 16 m diameter lander parachutes weredeployed. Seven seconds later the aeroshell was jettisoned,and 8 seconds after that the three lander legs were extended.In 45 seconds the parachute had slowed the lander to 60 m/s.At 1.5 km altitude, retro-rockets were ignited and fired untillanding 40 seconds later at about 2.4 m/s. The landing rocketsused an 18 nozzle design to spread the hydrogen and nitrogenexhaust over a wide area. It was determined that this wouldlimit surface heating to no more than 1 degree C and that nomore than 1 mm of the surface material would be strippedaway. The Viking 1 Lander touched down in western ChrysePlanitia at 22.697 deg N latitude and 48.222 deg W longitudeat a reference altitude of -2.69 km relative to a referenceellipsoid with an equatorial radius of 3397.2 km and a flatnessof 0.0105 (22.533 deg N, 48.264 deg W planetographic) at11:53:06 UT (4:13 p.m. local Mars time). Approximately 22 kgof propellants were left at landing.
Transmission of the first surface image began 25 seconds afterlanding. The seismometer failed to uncage, and a sampler armlocking pin was stuck and took 5 days to shake out.Otherwise, all experiments functioned nominally. The Viking 1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-075C[02/09/2010 0:44:29]
Lander was named the Thomas Mutch Memorial Station inJanuary 1982 in honor of the leader of the Viking imagingteam. It operated until 13 November 1982 when contact waslost.
The total cost of the Viking project was roughly one billiondollars. For a detailed description of the Viking mission andexperiments, see "Scientific Results of the Viking Project," J.Geophys. Res., v. 82, n. 28, 1977.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Gerald A.Soffen
ProjectScientist
NASA Langley ResearchCenter
Dr. Joseph M.Boyce
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters jboyce@higp.hawaii.edu
Mr. James S.Martin, Jr.
ProjectManager
NASA Langley ResearchCenter
Dr. Guenter K.Strobel
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Selected References
Soffen, G. A., and C. W. Snyder, First Viking mission to Mars, Science, 193, 759-766, Aug.1976.
Masursky, H., and N. L. Crabill, Viking landing sites: Selection and certification, Science, 193,809-812, Aug. 1976.
Tyler, G. L., et al., Radar characteristics of Viking 1 landing sites, Science, 193, 812-815, Aug.1976.
Soffen, G. A., Scientific results of the Viking mission, Science, 194, No. 4271, 1274-1276, Dec.1976.
Soffen, G. A., The Viking project, J. Geophys. Res., 82, No. 28, 3959-3970, Sept. 1977.
Other Viking Information/Data at NSSDCGo to the NSSDC Viking pageRead about and/or order the Viking image mosaic CD-ROM setRead about and/or order the Viking raw image CD-ROM set
View some of the images taken of Mars by Viking and other missions
Viking FTP site - Includes an index of latitude and longitude of all Orbiter images
Related Information/Data at NSSDCMars PageMars Fact SheetMars Frequently Asked Questions
Other Sources of Viking Information/DataViking Lander Images (PDS Imaging Node)PDS Geosciences NodeViking Image Atlas of MarsCenter for Mars ExplorationViking Computer Facility: Meteorology and ImagesFTP access to selected Viking CD-ROMs
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-075A[02/09/2010 0:45:04]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The Viking project consisted of launches of two separatespacecraft to Mars, Viking 1, launched on 20 August 1975, andViking 2, launched on 9 September 1975. Each spacecraftconsisted of an orbiter and a lander. After orbiting Mars andreturning images used for landing site selection, the orbiter andlander detached and the lander entered the martianatmosphere and soft-landed at the selected site. The orbiterscontinued imaging and other scientific operations from orbitwhile the landers deployed instruments on the surface. Thefully fueled orbiter-lander pair had a mass of 3527 kg. Afterseparation and landing, the lander had a mass of about 600 kgand the orbiter 900 kg.
Spacecraft and InstrumentationThe primary objectives of the Viking orbiters were to transportthe landers to Mars, perform reconnaissance to locate andcertify landing sites, act as a communications relays for thelanders, and to perform their own scientific investigations. Theorbiter, based on the earlier Mariner 9 spacecraft, was anoctagon approximately 2.5 m across. The total launch masswas 2328 kg, of which 1445 kg were propellant and attitudecontrol gas. The eight faces of the ring-like structure were.4572 m high and were alternately 1.397 and 0.508 m wide.The overall height was 3.29 m from the lander attachmentpoints on the bottom to the launch vehicle attachment pointson top. There were 16 modular compartments, 3 on each ofthe 4 long faces and one on each short face. Four solar panelwings extended from the axis of the orbiter, the distance fromtip to tip of two oppositely extended solar panels was 9.75 m.The power was provided by eight 1.57 x 1.23 m solar panels,two on each wing. The solar panels were made up of a total of34,800 solar cells and produced 620 W of power at Mars.Power was also stored in 2 nickel-cadmium 30-amp-hrbatteries.
The main propulsion unit was mounted above the orbiter bus.Propulsion was furnished by a bipropellant (monomethylhydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide) liquid-fueled rocket enginewhich could be gimballed up to 9 degrees. The engine wascapable of 1323 N thrust, translating to a delta-V of 1480 m/s.Attitude control was achieved by 12 small compressed-nitrogen jets. An acquisition Sun sensor, a cruise Sun sensor,a Canopus star tracker and an inertial reference unit consistingof 6 gyroscopes allowed three-axis stabilization. Twoaccelerometers were also on board. Communications wereaccomplished through a 20-W S-band (2.3 GHz) transmitterand 2 20-W TWTA's. An X-band (8.4 GHz) downlink was alsoadded specifically for radio science and to conductcommunications experiments. Uplink was via S-band (2.1
Viking 1 Orbiter
NSSDC ID: 1975-075A
Alternate Names
Viking-B Orbiter
Viking Orbiter 1
08108
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-08-20Launch Vehicle: TitanIIIE-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 883.0 kgNominalPower: 620.0 W
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Viking 1Orbiter
PDMP information forViking 1 Orbiter
Telecommunicationsinformation for Viking 1Orbiter
Experiments on Viking 1Orbiter
Data collections fromViking 1 Orbiter
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Viking 1 Orbiter
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GHz). A 2-axis steerable high-gain parabolic dish antenna witha diameter of approximately 1.5 m was attached at one edgeof the orbiter base, and a fixed low-gain antenna extendedfrom the top of the bus. Two tape recorders were each capableof storing 1280 Mbits. A 381 MHz relay radio was alsoavailable. Temperature control was achieved by multilayerinsulation, thermally activated louvers, and electrical heaters.
Scientific instruments for conducting imaging, atmosphericwater vapor, and infrared thermal mapping were enclosed in atemperature controlled, pointable scan platform extending fromthe base of the orbiter. The scientific instrumentation had atotal mass of approximately 72 kg. Radio scienceinvestigations were also done using the spacecraft transmitter.Command processing was done by two identical andindependent data processors, each with a 4096-word memoryfor storing uplink command sequences and acquired data.
Mission ProfileFollowing launch and a 10 month cruise to Mars, the orbiterbegan returning global images of Mars about 5 days beforeorbit insertion. The Viking 1 Orbiter was inserted into Mars orbiton 19 June 1976 and trimmed to a 1513 x 33,000 km, 24.66 hrsite certification orbit on 21 June. Imaging of candidate siteswas begun and the landing site was selected based on thesepictures. The lander separated from the orbiter on 20 July08:51 UT and landed at Chryse Planitia at 11:56:06 UT. Theorbiter primary mission ended at the beginning of solarconjunction on 5 November 1976. The extended missioncommenced on 14 December 1976 after solar conjunction.Operations included close approaches to Phobos in February1977. The periapsis was reduced to 300 km on 11 March1977. Minor orbit adjustments were done occasionally over thecourse of the mission, primarily to change the walk rate - therate at which the planetocentric longitude changed with eachorbit, and the periapsis was raised to 357 km on 20 July 1979.On 7 August 1980 Viking 1 Orbiter was running low on attitudecontrol gas and its orbit was raised from 357 x 33943 km to320 x 56000 km to prevent impact with Mars and possiblecontamination until the year 2019. Operations were terminatedon 17 August 1980 after 1485 orbits.
The total cost of the Viking project was roughly one billiondollars. For a detailed description of the Viking mission andexperiments, see "Scientific Results of the Viking Project," J.Geophys. Res., v. 82, n. 28, 1977.
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Gerald A.Soffen
ProjectScientist
NASA Langley ResearchCenter
Dr. Joseph M.Boyce
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters jboyce@higp.hawaii.edu
Mr. James S.Martin, Jr.
ProjectManager
NASA Langley ResearchCenter
Dr. Guenter K.Strobel
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Selected References
Tolson, R. H., et al., Orbit and position determination for Mars Orbiters and Landers, J. Spacecr.Rockets, 7, No. 9, 1095-1100, Sept. 1970.
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-075A[02/09/2010 0:45:04]
Soffen, G. A., and C. W. Snyder, First Viking mission to Mars, Science, 193, 759-766, Aug.1976.
Soffen, G. A., Scientific results of the Viking mission, Science, 194, No. 4271, 1274-1276, Dec.1976.
Soffen, G. A., The Viking project, J. Geophys. Res., 82, No. 28, 3959-3970, Sept. 1977.
Snyder, C. W., The missions of the Viking Orbiters, J. Geophys. Res., 82, No. 28, 3971-3983,Sept. 1977.
Other Viking Information/Data at NSSDCGo to the NSSDC Viking pageRead about and/or order the Viking image mosaic CD-ROM setRead about and/or order the Viking raw image CD-ROM set
View some of the images taken of Mars by Viking and other missions
Viking FTP site - Includes an index of latitude and longitude of all Orbiter images
Related Information/Data at NSSDCMars PageMars Fact SheetMars Frequently Asked Questions
Other Sources of Viking Information/DataViking Lander Images (PDS Imaging Node)PDS Geosciences NodeViking Image Atlas of MarsCenter for Mars ExplorationViking Computer Facility: Meteorology and ImagesFTP access to selected Viking CD-ROMs
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-083C[02/09/2010 0:45:38]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The Viking project consisted of launches of two separatespacecraft to Mars, Viking 1, launched on 20 August 1975, andViking 2, launched on 9 September 1975. Each spacecraftconsisted of an orbiter and a lander. After orbiting Mars andreturning images used for landing site selection, the orbiter andlander detached and the lander entered the martianatmosphere and soft-landed at the selected site. The orbiterscontinued imaging and other scientific operations from orbitwhile the landers deployed instruments on the surface. Thefully fueled orbiter-lander pair had a mass of 3530 kg. Afterseparation and landing, the lander had a mass of about 600 kgand the orbiter 900 kg. The lander was encased in a bioshieldat launch to prevent contamination by terrestrial organisms.
Spacecraft and InstrumentationThe lander consisted of a six-sided aluminum base withalternate 1.09 m and .56 m long sides, supported on threeextended legs attached to the shorter sides. The leg footpadsformed the vertices of an equilateral triangle with 2.21 m sideswhen viewed from above, with the long sides of the baseforming a straight line with the two adjoining footpads.Instrumentation was attached to the top of the base, elevatedabove the surface by the extended legs. Power was providedby two radioisotope thermal generator (RTG) units containingplutonium 238 affixed to opposite sides of the lander base andcovered by wind screens. Each generator was 28 cm tall, 58cm in diameter, had a mass of 13.6 kg and provided 30 Wcontinuous power at 4.4 volts. Four wet-cell sealed nickel-cadmium 8 amp-hour, 28 volt rechargeable batteries were alsoonboard to handle peak power loads.
Propulsion was provided for deorbit by a monopropellanthydrazine (N2H4) rocket with 12 nozzles arranged in fourclusters of three that provided 32 N thrust, giving a delta-V of180 m/s. These nozzles also acted as the control thrusters fortranslation and rotation of the lander. Terminal descent andlanding was achieved by three (one affixed on each long sideof the base, separated by 120 degress) monopropellanthydrazine engines. The engines had 18 nozzles to dispersethe exhaust and minimize effects on the ground and werethrottleable from 276 N to 2667 N. The hydrazine was purifiedto prevent contamination of the martian surface. The landercarried 85 kg of propellant at launch, contained in twospherical titanium tanks mounted on opposite sides of thelander beneath the RTG windscreens, giving a total launchmass of 657 kg. Control was achieved through the use of aninertial reference unit, four gyros, an aerodecelerator, a radaraltimeter, a terminal descent and landing radar, and the controlthrusters.
Viking 2 Lander
NSSDC ID: 1975-083C
Alternate Names
Viking-A Lander
Viking Lander 2
Gerald Soffen MemorialStation
09408
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-09Launch Vehicle: TitanIIIE-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 572.0 kgNominal Power: 70.0 W
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Viking 2Lander
PDMP information forViking 2 Lander
Telecommunicationsinformation for Viking 2Lander
Experiments on Viking 2Lander
Data collections fromViking 2 Lander
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
Viking 2 Lander
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-083C[02/09/2010 0:45:38]
Communications were accomplished through a 20 W S-bandtransmitter and two 20 W TWTA's. A 2-axis steerable high-gainparabolic antenna was mounted on a boom near one edge ofthe lander base. An omnidirectional low-gain S-band antennaalso extends from the base. Both these antennae allowed forcommunication directly with the Earth. A UHF (381 MHz)antenna provided a one-way relay to the orbiter using a 30 Wrelay radio. Data storage was on a 40 Mbit tape recorder, andthe lander computer had a 6000 word memory for commandinstructions.
The lander carried instruments to achieve the primary scientificobjectives of the lander mission: to study the biology, chemicalcomposition (organic and inorganic), meteorology, seismology,magnetic properties, appearance, and physical properties ofthe martian surface and atmosphere. Two 360-degreecylindrical scan cameras were mounted near one long side ofthe base. From the center of this side extended the samplerarm, with a collector head, temperature sensor, and magnet onthe end. A meteorology boom, holding temperature, winddirection, and wind velocity sensors extended out and up fromthe top of one of the lander legs. A seismometer, magnet andcamera test targets, and magnifying mirror are mountedopposite the cameras, near the high-gain antenna. An interiorenvironmentally controlled compartment held the biologyexperiment and the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer.The X-ray flourescence spectrometer was also mounted withinthe structure. A pressure sensor was attached under thelander body. The scientific payload had a total mass ofapproximately 91 kg.
Mission ProfileFollowing launch and a 333 day cruise to Mars, the Viking 2Orbiter began returning global images of Mars prior to orbitinsertion. The orbiter was inserted into a 1500 x 33,000 km,24.6 hr Mars orbit on 7 August 1976 and trimmed to a 27.3 hrsite certification orbit with a periapsis of 1499 km and aninclination of 55.2 degrees on 9 August. Imaging of candidatesites was begun and the landing site was selected based onthese pictures and the images returned by the Viking 1 Orbiter.The lander and its aeroshell separated from the orbiter on 3September 19:39:59 UT. At the time of separation, the landerwas orbiting at about 4 km/s. After separation rockets fired tobegin lander deorbit. After a few hours, at about 300 kmaltitude, the lander was reoriented for entry. The aeroshell withits ablatable heat shield slowed the craft as it plunged throughthe atmosphere. During this time, entry science experimentswere performed. At 6 km altitude at about 250 m/s the 16 mdiameter lander parachutes were deployed. Seven secondslater the aeroshell was jettisoned, and 8 seconds after that thethree lander legs were extended. In 45 seconds the parachutehad slowed the lander to 60 m/s. At 1.5 km altitude, retro-rockets were ignited and fired until landing 40 seconds later atabout 2.4 m/s. The landing rockets used an 18 nozzle designto spread the hydrogen and nitrogen exhaust over a wide area.It was determined that this would limit surface heating to nomore than 1 degree C and that no more than 1 mm of thesurface material would be stripped away.
The Viking 2 Lander touched down about 200 km west of thecrater Mie in Utopia Planitia at 48.269 deg N latitude and225.990 deg W longitude at a reference altitude of 4.23 kmrelative to a reference ellipsoid with an equatorial radius of3397.2 km and a flatness of 0.0105 (48.039 deg N, 226.032deg W planetographic) at 22:58:20 UT (9:49:05 a.m. local Marstime. Approximately 22 kg of propellants were left at landing.Due to radar misidentification of a rock or highly reflectivesurface, the thrusters fired an extra time 0.4 seconds before
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-083C[02/09/2010 0:45:38]
landing, cracking the surface and raising dust. The landersettled down with one leg on a rock, tilted at 8.2 degrees. Thecameras began taking images immediately after landing. TheViking 2 Lander operated on the surface for 1281 Mars daysand was turned off on April 11, 1980 when its batteries failed.
The total cost of the Viking project was roughly one billiondollars. For a detailed description of the Viking mission andexperiments, see "Scientific Results of the Viking Project," J.Geophys. Res., v. 82, n. 28, 1977.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Gerald A. Soffen Project Scientist NASA Langley Research Center
Dr. Richard S. Young Program Scientist NASA Headquarters
Mr. James S. Martin, Jr. Project Manager NASA Langley Research Center
Mr. Walter Jakobowski Program Manager NASA Headquarters
Selected References
Soffen, G. A., and C. W. Snyder, First Viking mission to Mars, Science, 193, 759-766, Aug.1976.
Masursky, H., and N. L. Crabill, Viking landing sites: Selection and certification, Science, 193,809-812, Aug. 1976.
Soffen, G. A., Scientific results of the Viking mission, Science, 194, No. 4271, 1274-1276, Dec.1976.
Soffen, G. A., The Viking project, J. Geophys. Res., 82, No. 28, 3959-3970, Sept. 1977.
Other Viking Information/Data at NSSDCGo to the NSSDC Viking pageRead about and/or order the Viking image mosaic CD-ROM setRead about and/or order the Viking raw image CD-ROM set
View some of the images taken of Mars by Viking and other missions
Viking FTP site - Includes an index of latitude and longitude of all Orbiter images
Related Information/Data at NSSDCMars PageMars Fact SheetMars Frequently Asked Questions
Other Sources of Viking Information/DataViking Lander Images (PDS Imaging Node)PDS Geosciences NodeViking Image Atlas of MarsCenter for Mars ExplorationViking Computer Facility: Meteorology and ImagesFTP access to selected Viking CD-ROMs
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-083A[02/09/2010 0:46:11]
Thursday, 02 September 2010
Description
The Viking project consisted of launches of two separatespacecraft to Mars, Viking 1, launched on 20 August 1975, andViking 2, launched on 9 September 1975. Each spacecraftconsisted of an orbiter and a lander. After orbiting Mars andreturning images used for landing site selection, the orbiter andlander detached and the lander entered the martianatmosphere and soft-landed at the selected site. The orbiterscontinued imaging and other scientific operations from orbitwhile the landers deployed instruments on the surface. Thefully fueled orbiter-lander pair had a mass of 3527 kg. Afterseparation and landing, the lander had a mass of about 600 kgand the orbiter 900 kg.
Spacecraft and InstrumentationThe primary objectives of the Viking orbiters were to transportthe landers to Mars, perform reconnaissance to locate andcertify landing sites, act as a communications relays for thelanders, and to perform their own scientific investigations. Theorbiter, based on the earlier Mariner 9 spacecraft, was anoctagon approximately 2.5 m across. The total launch masswas 2328 kg, of which 1445 kg were propellant and attitudecontrol gas. The eight faces of the ring-like structure were.4572 m high and were alternately 1.397 and 0.508 m wide.The overall height was 3.29 m from the lander attachmentpoints on the bottom to the launch vehicle attachment pointson top. There were 16 modular compartments, 3 on each ofthe 4 long faces and one on each short face. Four solar panelwings extended from the axis of the orbiter, the distance fromtip to tip of two oppositely extended solar panels was 9.75 m.The power was provided by eight 1.57 x 1.23 m solar panels,two on each wing. The solar panels were made up of a total of34,800 solar cells and produced 620 W of power at Mars.Power was also stored in 2 nickel-cadmium 30-amp-hrbatteries.
The main propulsion unit was mounted above the orbiter bus.Propulsion was furnished by a bipropellant (monomethylhydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide) liquid-fueled rocket enginewhich could be gimballed up to 9 degrees. The engine wascapable of 1323 N thrust, translating to a delta-V of 1480 m/s.Attitude control was achieved by 12 small compressed-nitrogen jets. An acquisition Sun sensor, a cruise Sun sensor,a Canopus star tracker and an inertial reference unit consistingof 6 gyroscopes allowed three-axis stabilization. Twoaccelerometers were also on board. Communications wereaccomplished through a 20-W S-band (2.3 GHz) transmitterand 2 20-W TWTA's. An X-band (8.4 GHz) downlink was alsoadded specifically for radio science and to conductcommunications experiments. Uplink was via S-band (2.1
Viking 2 Orbiter
NSSDC ID: 1975-083A
Alternate Names
Viking-A Orbiter
Viking Orbiter 2
08199
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1975-09-09Launch Vehicle: TitanIIIE-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 883.0 kgNominalPower: 620.0 W
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Viking 2Orbiter
PDMP information forViking 2 Orbiter
Telecommunicationsinformation for Viking 2Orbiter
Experiments on Viking 2Orbiter
Data collections fromViking 2 Orbiter
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
Viking 2 Orbiter
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-083A[02/09/2010 0:46:11]
GHz). A 2-axis steerable high-gain parabolic dish antenna witha diameter of approximately 1.5 m was attached at one edgeof the orbiter base, and a fixed low-gain antenna extendedfrom the top of the bus. Two tape recorders were each capableof storing 1280 Mbits. A 381 MHz relay radio was alsoavailable. Temperature control was achieved by multilayerinsulation, thermally activated louvers, and electrical heaters.
Scientific instruments for conducting imaging, atmosphericwater vapor, and infrared thermal mapping were enclosed in atemperature controlled, pointable scan platform extending fromthe base of the orbiter. The scientific instrumentation had atotal mass of approximately 72 kg. Radio scienceinvestigations were also done using the spacecraft transmitter.Command processing was done by two identical andindependent data processors, each with a 4096-word memoryfor storing uplink command sequences and acquired data.
Mission ProfileFollowing launch and a 333 day cruise to Mars, the Viking 2Orbiter began returning global images of Mars prior to orbitinsertion. The orbiter was inserted into a 1500 x 33,000 km,24.6 hr Mars orbit on 7 August 1976 and trimmed to a 27.3 hrsite certification orbit with a periapsis of 1499 km and aninclination of 55.2 degrees on 9 August. Imaging of candidatesites was begun and the landing site was selected based onthese pictures and the images returned by the Viking 1 Orbiter.The lander separated from the orbiter on 3 September 1976and landed at Utopia Planitia at 22:37:50 UT. Normaloperations called for the structure connecting the orbiter andlander (the bioshield) to be ejected after separation, butbecause of problems with the separation the bioshield was leftattached to the orbiter. The orbit inclination was raised to 75degrees on 30 September 1976. The orbiter primary missionended at the beginning of solar conjunction on 8 November1976. The extended mission commenced on 14 December1976 after solar conjunction. On 20 December 1976 theperiapsis was lowered to 778 km and the inclination raised to80 degrees. Operations included close approaches to Deimosin October 1977 and the periapsis was lowered to 300 km andthe period changed to 24 hours on 23 October 1977. Theorbiter developed a leak in its propulsion system that vented itsattitude control gas. It was placed in a 302 x 33176 km orbitand turned off on 25 July 1978 after returning almost 16,000images in 706 orbits around Mars.
The total cost of the Viking project was roughly one billiondollars. For a detailed description of the Viking mission andexperiments, see "Scientific Results of the Viking Project," J.Geophys. Res., v. 82, n. 28, 1977.
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Gerald A. Soffen Project Scientist NASA Langley Research Center
Dr. Richard S. Young Program Scientist NASA Headquarters
Mr. James S. Martin, Jr. Project Manager NASA Langley Research Center
Mr. Walter Jakobowski Program Manager NASA Headquarters
Selected References
Tolson, R. H., et al., Orbit and position determination for Mars Orbiters and Landers, J. Spacecr.Rockets, 7, No. 9, 1095-1100, Sept. 1970.
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1975-083A[02/09/2010 0:46:11]
Soffen, G. A., Scientific results of the Viking mission, Science, 194, No. 4271, 1274-1276, Dec.1976.
Soffen, G. A., The Viking project, J. Geophys. Res., 82, No. 28, 3959-3970, Sept. 1977.
Snyder, C. W., The missions of the Viking Orbiters, J. Geophys. Res., 82, No. 28, 3971-3983,Sept. 1977.
Other Viking Information/Data at NSSDCGo to the NSSDC Viking pageRead about and/or order the Viking image mosaic CD-ROM setRead about and/or order the Viking raw image CD-ROM set
View some of the images taken of Mars by Viking and other missions
Viking FTP site - Includes an index of latitude and longitude of all Orbiter images
Related Information/Data at NSSDCMars PageMars Fact SheetMars Frequently Asked Questions
Other Sources of Viking Information/DataViking Lander Images (PDS Imaging Node)PDS Geosciences NodeViking Image Atlas of MarsCenter for Mars ExplorationViking Computer Facility: Meteorology and ImagesFTP access to selected Viking CD-ROMs
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
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