napoleon bonaparte: directory to consulate. the directory corrupt – only 5 men making decisions...
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Napoleon Bonaparte: Directory to Consulate
The Directory
• Corrupt – only 5 men making decisions• People starving• Needed a change• War in Europe was still continuing
Napoleon BonaparteName: Napoleon BonaparteNicknames: The Little Corporal,
The CorsicanDate of Birth/Death: August 15,
1769 in Ajaccio, Corsica/ May 5, 1821
Spouses: Josephine (1796) Marie-Louise (1810)• Graduated from the French
Military Academy at 16 (5 years earlier than most)
• As a boy, he hated the French• 5’2 inches tall
Napoleon and the Directory
• Elected leader of the French army in the war against Austria/Prussia
• Put down royalist revolt in Paris (revolt against the National Convention)
• Captured Egypt to cut off British trade (naval forces defeated)
• Napoleon managed to keep the naval defeat secret
• Became extremely popular with the people
Overthrow of the Directory (Coup d’etat)
• Directory had lost control of the political situation in France
• Friends wanted him to take political power• 1799-Troops surrounded the legislature and
forced most members to leave• The government was turned over to Napoleon• He formed ANOTHER government….The
Consulate
The Consulate
A plebiscite vote (vote of the people) held in 1800 approved the new Constitution
New Constitution:• Executive branch• 3 consuls• Napoleon-1st consulate (concentrated power)• Legislative:• Several bodies• 1802: Napoleon names himself Consul for Life
Reforms under the Consulate
• Efficient method of tax collection • National Banking System (Bank of France)
- Everyone paid taxes, government made loans to businesses, leveled inflation
• Dismissed corrupt officials• Created lycees (government-run public
schools) - open to all male students
Reforms Under the Consulate
Concordat 1801• Definition: government recognized the influence
of the Catholic Church • Rejected church influence in governmental affairs• Napoleon received support from the churchNapoleonic CodeDefinition: comprehensive system of laws which
eliminated many injustices.
The Napoleonic Code • Religious toleration• Advancement based on merit, not birth• Trial by jury• All citizens equal under the lawHowever……• Limited liberty and promoted order and authority
over individual rights• *Women inferior, censorship*• Restored slavery in the colonies in the Caribbean • Placed state above the individual!
Napoleon Declared Emperor
1804- declares himself emperorPope was present to crown himBut…Napoleon crowned himself emperorWhat did this signify??• Napoleon thought himself more powerful than
the Church
NAPOLEON CREATES AN EMPIRE!!
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