napoleon bonaparte
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Napoleon Bonaparte
Rise of Napoleon
24 years old is made a general by the Committee of Public Safety
At 26, he becomes commander of French armies in ItalyGains fame for victories in Italy
France wants him to invade BritainHe knows that invasion will fail, so he
invades Egypt insteadInvasion of Egypt also fails
Consul and Emperor
1799 Napoleon takes part in coup d’état that overthrows the Directory.A consulate government is set up
Napoleon is named the first consul3 years later he gets named consul for life
1804, Napoleon is crowned Emperor
Peace with the Church
Napoleon knows it’s good to mend relationship with the ChurchMakes deal with the pope
Catholicism is recognized as the religion of the majority of France
In return, the pope will not ask for the return of seized Church lands from the Revolution
Catholic Church is no longer an enemy of the State
People who seized lands now support the government.
Codification of the Law
Institutes Napoleonic (Civil) Code – unifies all the laws of Francethe equality of citizens before the lawthe right to choose your own professionreligious tolerationabolition of serfdom + feudal
obligationswomen less equal than men
No inheritance rights for daughters
A New Bureaucracy
public officials + military officers promoted on ability
Aristocracy (noble class) based on meritorious service to nation
Preserver of the Revolution???
Liberties taken awaynewspapers shut downbanned booksgovernment controlled publishingMail confiscated + opened by police
Building the Grand Empire Napoleon builds France and becomes the
greatest power in Europe at the time.Known as the Grand Empire
The Grand Empire would consist of three partsFrench EmpireDependent statesAllied states
Building the Grand Empire…. The French Empire
France and its new extended boundaries The Dependent States
Kingdoms ruled by relatives of Napoleon Unified German States Spain - brother Holland – brother
The Allied States Countries defeated by Napoleon Russia, Prussia, Austria
Building the Grand Empire…. Napoleon spreads the ideas of the French Revolution
Legal Equality Religious toleration Economic freedom
Clergy and nobility have all special privileges taken away Napoleons system of merit instituted in new states
Napoleon hoped to build a long lasting French Empire Two factors lead to its demise
Britain Nationalism
Britain Napoleon wants to invade Britain and conquer.
British navy too strong for Napoleons forces French defeated trying to invade
Continental System Napoleons new plan to defeat British Set up a blockade against importing British goods, try to
bankrupt them System fails
Allied states go behind his back Too many markets worldwide to try and stop British
trade
Nationalism Sense of identity of a people based on
Common language Religion National symbols
Conquered people are not forced to take on French culture Still unified by their own culture Resentful of invaders
Russia Under control of Napoleon, but ignoring Continental system
Must be punished Set precedent for other countries
Napoleon sets out with 600,000 men Only brings enough supplies for 26 days
Depending on quick victory War would last 6 months
Russians strategy baffles Napoleon Refuse to fight Retreat further into Russia
Burn fields and homes along the way
Russia… Napoleon finally reaches Moscow
Russian capital Finds it set ablaze
Wins two battles along the way, but costly victories Tens of thousands of men die in battle
Begins Great Retreat Napoleon makes decision to leave Russia Still in the dead of winter Thousands of troops are lost
Starvation Hypothermia Suicide
Less than 40,000 out of 600,000 make it back
Downfall of Napoleon Disaster in Russia leaves France vulnerable to surrounding
countries Napoleon defeated
Exiled to island of Elba Louis XVIII restored as monarch in France
Brother of Louis XVI Napoleon escapes Elba and returns to France to claim his
empire Foreign armies rally together to finish Napoleon for the last
time Napoleon defeated at Waterloo in Belgium Duke of Wellington leads British and Prussian troops
Defeated, Napoleon is exiled to St. Helena Dies in exile in 1821
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