myoelectric arm
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SILIGURI INSTITUTE OF SILIGURI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
Name:-Moina Ersad.Name:-Moina Ersad.B-Tech ,3B-Tech ,3rdrd Year ,6 Year ,6thth
SemesterSemesterDepartment of Biomedical Department of Biomedical
Engineering.Engineering.Roll No.:-11931061009Roll No.:-11931061009
Session:-2008-2009Session:-2008-2009Guide Teacher:-Sujan Guide Teacher:-Sujan
K.SamantaK.Samanta
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TOPIC:-TOPIC:-
THE MYOELECTRIC HAND THE MYOELECTRIC HAND AND ARM PROSTHESISAND ARM PROSTHESIS
EXTERNALLY POWERED AND CONTROLLED ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS
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ORTHOTICSORTHOTICS
The branch of science ,intended to provide The branch of science ,intended to provide stability ,or immobilize a body part, to stability ,or immobilize a body part, to protect against injury, or assist with its protect against injury, or assist with its function ,is known as function ,is known as orthotics.orthotics.
Objectives:-Objectives:- Maintenance or correction of Maintenance or correction of body body
segment alignmentsegment alignment Assistance or resistance to Assistance or resistance to joint motionjoint motion ProtectionProtection against physical injury. against physical injury.
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF UPPER EXTREMITY UPPER EXTREMITY
ORTHOSISORTHOSIS
WRIST HAND ORTHOSIS
ELBOW ORTHOSIS
CERVICAL ORTHOSIS
SHOULDER ORTHOSIS
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PROSTHETICSPROSTHETICS
The branch of science intending to restore The branch of science intending to restore congenital or acquired neuromuscular and congenital or acquired neuromuscular and musculoskeletal dysfunctions of the human musculoskeletal dysfunctions of the human body associated with the complete or body associated with the complete or partial absence of a limb ,is known as partial absence of a limb ,is known as prosthetics.prosthetics.
Objectives:-Objectives:- To To transfer body weighttransfer body weight comfortably to comfortably to
the prosthetic socket.the prosthetic socket. To achieve To achieve alignment stabilityalignment stability.. To stimulate To stimulate normal locomotionnormal locomotion..
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROSTHESISPROSTHESIS
Cosmetic Prosthesis.
Body powered Prosthesis.
Externally powered Prosthesis
Example: Myoelectric arm and Switch Example: Myoelectric arm and Switch controlled arm. controlled arm.
Hybrid Prosthesis.
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COSMETIC PROSTHESIS
BODY POWERED PROSTHESIS
EXTERNALLY POWERED PROSTHESIS
HYBRID PROSTHESIS
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MYOELECTRIC ARM MYOELECTRIC ARM PROSTHESISPROSTHESIS
A myoelectric signal is an A myoelectric signal is an electrical impulse that electrical impulse that produces muscle contraction produces muscle contraction in the body. in the body. (upto 300Hz, 5 (upto 300Hz, 5 -20μV)-20μV)
Myoelectrically controlled arm Myoelectrically controlled arm prostheses are prostheses are externally externally powered prosthesis.powered prosthesis.
They are employed in case of They are employed in case of congenital upper limb congenital upper limb difference or acquired difference or acquired limb loss.limb loss.
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HOW IT WORKS?HOW IT WORKS?
SURFACE ELECTRODESWITHIN PROSTHESIS SOCKET
IN CONTACT WITH SKIN
DETECTS MUSCLE ACTION
POTENTIAL FROM VOLUNTARY
CONTRACTING MUSCLES
SIGNAL AMPLIFIED AND PROCESSED
TURNS ON AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
PROVIDES FUNCTION IN THE FORM OF
PROSTHETIC HAND
1010COMPONENTS OF MYOELECTRIC ARM PROSTHESISCOMPONENTS OF MYOELECTRIC ARM PROSTHESIS
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DIFFERENT ACCESSORIESDIFFERENT ACCESSORIES
BATTERIES AND CHARGERS
WRIST ROTATOREMG CABLES
EMG ELECTRODES MYOBOY (locates and analyzes electric signals)
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DIFFERENT DIFFERENT ACCESSORIES (CONTD…) ACCESSORIES (CONTD…)
Covering:-Covering:-
Usually made from PVC.
Soft polyurethane foam also used nowadays
Protects from abrasion and corrosion.
Restricts finger motion( accounting for an estimated 50 percent of the inefficiency in the prosthesis)
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PATIENT REQUIREMENTSPATIENT REQUIREMENTS
Users must be able to produce an EMG strong enough to be Users must be able to produce an EMG strong enough to be recorded and sufficiently amplified.recorded and sufficiently amplified.
Often recommended for children of one year age or olderOften recommended for children of one year age or older Users must also be able to separate muscle contractionsUsers must also be able to separate muscle contractions.
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ADVANTAGES:ADVANTAGES: Stronger pinch force, better grip Absence of control cables enhances the cosmetic
look. Reduces the expenditure of energy. Combines cosmetic appearance with function. Latest generation of myoelectric devices can be
adjusted to operate at a very low level of muscle contraction.
DISADVANTAGES:DISADVANTAGES: Cost Weight Durability Maintenance Discomfort
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AREAS OF DEVELOPMENTAREAS OF DEVELOPMENT Weight of the myoelectric arm Weight of the myoelectric arm
should be reduced. should be reduced. Finger movement in the prosthesis Finger movement in the prosthesis
should realistically mimic the should realistically mimic the movement of human fingers. movement of human fingers.
Replacement of the external glove Replacement of the external glove with a material that looks and feels with a material that looks and feels more realistic.more realistic.
Cost should be reduced.Cost should be reduced.
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ULTIMATE GOALSULTIMATE GOALS
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STATISTICAL INFORMATIONSTATISTICAL INFORMATION
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“WHEN THE ARM WAS PUT ON, I HAD TEARS ROLLING DOWN MY FACE. IT WAS THE FIRST TIME IN 21 YEARS THAT I HAD SEEN A HAND OPEN”.
.….Ray Edwards, one of the first people in the UK to be fitted with the device.
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
There are many applications for a There are many applications for a low-cost hand prosthesis.low-cost hand prosthesis.The areas The areas of development should also be of development should also be observed ,so that cheap and observed ,so that cheap and efficient prosthetic arms are efficient prosthetic arms are available for all.available for all.
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REFERENCES:REFERENCES:
WEBSITES:WEBSITES: www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/98/35/4/www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/98/35/4/
doshi.htmdoshi.htm www.ottobockus.comwww.ottobockus.com www.newsimg.bbc.co.ukwww.newsimg.bbc.co.uk www.animatedprosthetics.comwww.animatedprosthetics.com
BOOKS:BOOKS: Prosthetics & orthotics, by DG Schurr, TM Cook.Prosthetics & orthotics, by DG Schurr, TM Cook. Standard Handbook of Biomedical Engineering Standard Handbook of Biomedical Engineering
and design, by Myer Kutzand design, by Myer Kutz..
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