muslim empires 1450-1750 - weeblygrayhistory.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/1/1/38117945/... · muslim...
Post on 26-Mar-2018
232 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
1/21/2016
1
Muslim Empires 1450-1750
Chapter 21
Unit 4
Gunpowder Empires
• Smaller armies overtook larger forces by
mastering advanced weapons, especially
cannons and muskets
1/21/2016
2
Ottoman Conquest • Originated in Anatolia
• Osman and Mehmet II led earliest conquests in 14th and 15th centuries
• Conquest of Constantinople in 1453
– Rebuilt as Istanbul
Administration
• Sultans started as a warrior-king
– Adopted the bureaucratic systems of earlier caliphs
• Viziers (advisors) gained more authority over the
centuries
• Tolerance of Jewish and Christian traders
1/21/2016
3
Warrior Empire
• Janissaries (devshirme) :
elite army unit comprised
of Christian slaves from
Balkans
• Extended into Syria, North
Africa, and Central Europe
– Failed siege of Vienna led to
invention of the croissant
Conflicting Ideologies
• Ottomans were Sunni, while the neighboring Safavid were Shi’a
• Battle of Chaldiran(1514) increased Ottoman territory and influence
– Massacres committed on both sides
1/21/2016
4
Safavid Empire
• Based in Persia (Modern day Iran)
• Shahs ruled as descendants of Shi’a Imams
• Abbas I established the city of Isfahan as a political and cultural center
– Combined Turkish and Persian Culture
Mughal Dynasty
• Founded in India by Babur, a descendent of Mongol and Turkic leaders
• Akbar extended the empire and united a Hindu majority under Muslim rule
– Social reforms to help lower classes and women
1/21/2016
5
Mughal Culture
• Taj Mahal built as a tomb
for the wife of Shah Jahan
– Architecture showcases
Muslim and Persian
influences
• Sikhism: monotheistic
religion incorporating
aspects of Hinduism and
Islam
Economic Systems
• All three empires were engaged
in trade
– Ottomans reconnected Middle East
with Mediterranean and Black Sea
traders
– Safavid and Mughals traded with
Europeans along Indian Ocean
• Europe had a high demand for
Persian rugs and Indian cotton
textiles
1/21/2016
6
Decline
• Corruption and weak leadership led to a gradual
decline of both the Ottomans and Safavid
– Unable to gain a part in trade with the Americas or
Asia
– Ottoman Empire exists until 1923
• Mughals failed to conquer entire subcontinent
– Internal revolts weakened the monarch’s rule
top related