muscular system part 1
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MuscularSystemOrigin - Point of attachment which is
more proximal and more fixed Insertion - The more distal and more
movable (flexible) point of attachment
Belly - Fleshy or middle part of a
muscle
TypesofMuscles
Flexors - bend or flex a part
Extensor - straighten of extend a
part
Abductors - pull a part away from the
median line or axis of the body
Adductors - Pull a part toward the
median line of the body
Synergist - muscles that help the prime mover by producing the
same movement or reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement
ex. Sternoradialis – synergist of Biceps brachii Antagonist - muscle working in opposition to another muscle
Naming of Skeletal Muscles 1. Location and direction of muscle fibers ex External Oblique Rectus abdominis Rectus femoris 2. Number of origin ex. Biceps – muscle of the arm with 2 heads Triceps – muscle with 3 heads 3. Action ex. Extensor cruris Flexor tarsi anterior 4. Shape of the muscle ex. Deltoid 5. Attachment ex. Scapulohumeralis (origin – scapula, insertion – deltoid ridge of
humerus 6. Size of the muscle ex. Gracilis major Gracilis minor
Dorsal Muscles of the Head and TrunkTemporalis - Muscle posterior to the eye
and about the level of tympanic membrane
Action – raise the lower jaw and closes the mouth
Depressor mandibulae - Flattened muscle posterior
to the temporalis muscle Action – depress the jaw Dorsalis scapula(e) - large, broad muscle
underneath the depressor mandibulae
Action – abduct the arm
Temporalis
Latissimus dorsi - large, flat, triangular
muscles posterior to the depressor mandibulae
Action – draws the forelimbs upward and backward
Longissimus dorsi - Muscle posterior to the L.
dorsi tapering posteriorly Action – extends the back
and elevates the head
Iiolumbaris - muscle lateral to the Longissimus dorsi Action – bends the back Coccygeosacralis - paired - small V shaped muscle immediately posterior to
Longissimus dorsi Action – draws the back and the urostyle nearer to each other Coccygeoiliacus - pair of V shaped muscle posterior to the coccygeo-
sacralis Action - fixes the urostyle and helps extend the back
Ventral Muscle of the Head, Trunk and AbdomenMylohyoid - thin, broad, transverse
muscle divided into halves my median longitudinal c. tissue (median raphe) on the ventral side of the floor of the mouth
Action – raises the floor of the mouth during swallowing and breathing
Geniohyoid - flat muscle underneath the
mylohyoid Action – draws the hyoid
forward and upward
Sternoradialis - median pair of muscles partly covered by the
mylohyoid Action – flexor of the forearm Deltoid (Scapulohumeralis) - thick muscle that passes obliquely to the
sternoradialis Action – prime mover for arm adduction Triceps brachii (upper arm) - large muscle on the posterior side of the
upper arm Action – prime mover for extension of the
forearm Biceps brachii (upper arm) Action – flex the forearm Pectoralis muscle - (anterior, middle and posterior) Action – adductor and rotator of the arm
Rectus abdominis - large muscle that forms the ventral
abdominal wall linea alba- median ventral connective tissue dividing the muscle into longitudinal halves inscriptiones tendinae - divides the muscle into segments Action - compress and support the abdomen External oblique - outer muscle that forms the lateral wall of
the abdomen - fibers obliquely directed Action – constrict the abdomen Transversus abdominis - innermost muscle of the abdomen - thin muscle underneath the external oblique Action – constrict the abdomen
Dorsal Muscles of the ThighTriceps femoris - largest and most anterior 3
headed muscle of the thigh Action – draws the hind limb
forward and extends the leg Gluteus - small but thick muscle found
anterior to the Vastus externus and medial to the Rectus femoris anticus
Action – rotates the femur forward
Biceps femoris (Iliofibularis ) - slender muscle posterior to the
triceps Action – flex the leg
Semimembranosus - large muscle with oblique
markings posterior to Biceps femoris
Action – adducts the thigh, flex and extend the shank
Pyriformis - slender, short muscle found
between the V. externus and proximal end of Semimembranosus
Action – pulls the urostyle to one side
Dorsal Muscles of the Shank
Gastrocnemius - largest and most posterior muscle of the shank Action – flexor of the leg and
extensor of the foot Peroneus - anterior to the Gastrocnemius - antagonist of Gastrocnemius Action - ? Tibialis anticus - most anterior muscle of the shank and splits into two slips Action – extensor of the leg ,
flexor of the foot
Ventral Muscles of the Thigh
Sartorius - flat muscle that runs obliquely
downwards Action – flexor of the thigh Adductor longus - flat muscle underneath the Sartorius Action – pulls thigh ventrally and forward Adductor magnus - thick, triangular muscle posterior
to the adductor longus Action – pulls the thigh forward,
adductor or abductor of the thigh
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