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Mukesh Bhatnagar Professor
Centre for WTO Studies
Trade Remedies WTO Members aspire for free trade However, free trade is not always fair trade Distortions in international trade
– dumped exports - subsidized exports
Anti dumping duty to counteract unfair trade practice of exporters from specified countries causing injury to domestic industry of Importing country
Countervailing duty to counteract subsidized exports
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3 Trade remedy instruments Antidumping Agreement – Anti dumping duty
Safeguards Agreement –safeguard duty Subsides Agreement - Countervailing duty (CVD)
Trade remedies: Comparison AD CVD SG
Dumping Subsidization Import surge
(NOT “unfair”) Material injury
(or threat thereof)
Material injury
(or threat thereof)
Serious injury
(or threat thereof)
Domestic industry: Like products
Domestic industry: Like products
Domestic industry: Like or directly competitive
products
Country Specific Country Specific Irrespective of Source
No compensation No compensation
Compensation may be required
GATT Article VI Agreement to implement Article VI-Uruguay Round outcome Commonly known as the Anti Dumping Agreement
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Anti-dumping Measures Taken by WTO Members – 1.1.1995 to 31.12.2013
Country Cases Initiated Measures Imposed
Argentina 312 218
Australia 267 108
Brazil 334 165
Canada 183 113
China 211 164
EU 454 297
India 702 519
Indonesia 110 51 6
Anti-dumping Measures Taken by WTO Members 1.1.1995 to 31.12.2013 -contd. Country Cases Initiated Measures Imposed
South Korea 121 77
Mexico 115 91
South Africa 227 131
Turkey 168 154
USA 508 319
989 cases out of total 4519 initiations were against China. 717 Measures out of total 2894Measures are against China 103 Measures against India. Source: WTO
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Anti-dumping Measures Taken by WTO Members – 1.1.1995 to 31.12.2013
Anti-dumping Measures Taken by WTO Members – 1.1.1995 to 31.12.2013
Main Sectors of Anti-dumping Measures Sector Number of Measures
Chemical and allied products 609
Plastics, resins and rubber articles 368
Paper, Paperboard and articles 122
Textiles and articles 245
Articles of Stones, Plaster, Glass 104
Base Metals and articles 851
Machinery, Mechanical Appliances, Electrical Equipments etc.
243
(Out of total 2894) Source: WTO
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Countervailing Measures (CVD)
Basis
WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM)
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Countervailing Initiations (1995-2013): (335)
Countervailing Measures (1995-2013): (190)
Share in Countervailing Measures : By Reporting Member
Share of exporting countries in Countervailing measures
Safeguard Measures by Members 1995 to April 2014 Member Number of SG Measures
India 17
Indonesia 15
Jordan 8
Turkey 14
Ecuador 4
Egypt 5
EU* 3
Chile 8
Argentina 4
Philippines 7
US 6
Total 136 *Does not include other EU Member states before accession
Safeguard Measures by Members 1995 to 30 April 2014
Thank You
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