muckrakers of the progressive reform era 1890 - 1920
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Muckrakers of the Muckrakers of the Progressive Reform Progressive Reform EraEra
1890 - 19201890 - 1920
MuckrakersMuckrakers
Journalists who attempted to expose the Journalists who attempted to expose the evils of big business and corrupt evils of big business and corrupt governmentgovernment
The purpose of their reports was to The purpose of their reports was to educate the people about a problem and educate the people about a problem and to encourage them to take actionto encourage them to take action
What were the goals of What were the goals of the Progressives?the Progressives?
To meet the challenges presented by To meet the challenges presented by industrialization and urbanizationindustrialization and urbanization
To break up the monopolies and restore To break up the monopolies and restore competitioncompetition
To break the power of political machines To break the power of political machines and improve democracyand improve democracy
To improve the quality of life for the To improve the quality of life for the people of the United Statespeople of the United States
Who were the Who were the Progressives?Progressives?
Urban, Urban, middle classmiddle class Men and womenMen and women Democrats and Democrats and
RepublicansRepublicans Well educatedWell educated Believers in Believers in
capitalism (not capitalism (not socialism)socialism)
Pragmatic – simple Pragmatic – simple solutions to complex solutions to complex problemsproblems
All levels of All levels of governmentgovernment
Attempted a variety Attempted a variety of reformsof reforms
Optimistic Optimistic
Upton Sinclair – Upton Sinclair – The JungleThe Jungle
FOOD INDUSTRYFOOD INDUSTRY
Exposed the evils in Exposed the evils in the the meatpacking meatpacking industryindustry
Resulted in the Resulted in the passage of the passage of the Meat Meat Inspection Act and the Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Pure Food and Drug ActAct
Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair Was a SocialistWas a Socialist When interviewed, he said that he “aimed When interviewed, he said that he “aimed
at the country’s heart, but instead, hit at the country’s heart, but instead, hit them in the stomach”them in the stomach”
Ida Tarbell – Ida Tarbell – A History of A History of Standard Oil (Co.) Standard Oil (Co.)
MONOPOLIESMONOPOLIES to expose theto expose the
ruthless practices of ruthless practices of John RockefellerJohn Rockefeller
VS.
Jacob Riis – A Muckraking Jacob Riis – A Muckraking PhotojournalistPhotojournalist
URBAN POORURBAN POOR Immigrant from DenmarkImmigrant from Denmark Worked as a police Worked as a police
reporter and reporter and photographerphotographer
Most famous work: Most famous work: How How the Other Half Livesthe Other Half Lives
Exposed living and Exposed living and working conditions of working conditions of urban poorurban poor
Five Cents LodgingFive Cents Lodging
Children Sleeping in Children Sleeping in Mulberry StreetMulberry Street
Girls on a StoopGirls on a Stoop
Home of an Italian Rag Home of an Italian Rag PickerPicker
Tenement YardTenement Yard
Room in a Tenement FlatRoom in a Tenement Flat
CityscapeCityscape
A New York City PeddlerA New York City Peddler
A Ludlow Street A Ludlow Street SweatshopSweatshop
Bandit’s RoostBandit’s Roost59 ½ Mulberry Street59 ½ Mulberry Street
Men’s Lodging Room in Men’s Lodging Room in West 47West 47thth Street Station Street Station
Women’s Lodging Room Women’s Lodging Room in in West 47West 47thth Street Station Street Station
Lincoln Steffens – Lincoln Steffens – The The Shame of the CitiesShame of the Cities
Told of the Told of the political political corruption icorruption in n PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia
New types of city New types of city government government organization organization introduced (city introduced (city manager)manager)
Jane Addams Jane Addams Urban and Immigrant Poor Urban and Immigrant Poor
Settlement HousesSettlement Houses: : located in working located in working class areas, offered class areas, offered help for new help for new immigrantsimmigrants
Hull House, Hull House, Chicago Chicago established; established; devoted to helping devoted to helping urban poorurban poor
US Department of Labor US Department of Labor
Child LaborChild Labor Compulsory Compulsory EducationEducation
Frank Norris – The Frank Norris – The OctopusOctopus
told of the struggle told of the struggle against the railroad against the railroad monopoliesmonopolies
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