msu extension chapter 6 equipment & calibration. msu extension equipment selection n depends...
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MSU Extension
Chapter 6Chapter 6
Equipment Equipment
&&
CalibrationCalibration
MSU Extension
Equipment SelectionEquipment Selection
Depends on…Depends on…– target– type of application– pest to be controlled– pesticide formulation
EquipmentEquipment– liquid sprayers, granular applicators,
injectors, aircraft
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Calibration of equipment is crucial to obtain the correct application rate according to the label.
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Pesticide DepositPesticide Deposit
Deposit on target depends on…Deposit on target depends on…
– concentration in tank
– rate of discharge
– equipment speed
– swath width evaporation and drift excluded
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Application Equipment Application Equipment ComponentsComponents
TanksTanks
AgitatorsAgitators
StrainersStrainers
PumpsPumps
Pressure Pressure
RegulatorsRegulators
Pressure GaugePressure Gauge
Hoses Hoses
NozzlesNozzles
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TanksTanks
Large enough for tasksLarge enough for tasks
Stainless steel and fiberglass Stainless steel and fiberglass
are bestare best
Shut off valve requiredShut off valve required
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AgitatorsAgitators
Pesticide formulation Pesticide formulation determines agitation determines agitation requirementrequirement– liquid conc., soluble powders,
emulsions…. Less…. By- pass
– wettable powers more… mechanical
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AgitatorsAgitators
MechanicalMechanical
HydraulicHydraulic
– by pass from pressure relief valve
may not be sufficient
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StrainersStrainers
Prevent foreign material from Prevent foreign material from plugging working partsplugging working parts
Nozzle strainers not a substitute Nozzle strainers not a substitute for pressure line strainerfor pressure line strainer
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Centrifugal PumpCentrifugal Pump
High volumes at low pressuresHigh volumes at low pressures Used with abrasive materialsUsed with abrasive materials Not self- primingNot self- priming Pressure regulators not neededPressure regulators not needed InexpensiveInexpensive
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Gear PumpGear Pump
Simple & low costSimple & low cost Low pressureLow pressure Not affected by solventsNot affected by solvents Disposable Disposable
when wornwhen worn
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Roller PumpsRoller Pumps Low pressure, positive displacement, Low pressure, positive displacement,
self- primingself- priming Similar to gear pumps, but abrasion Similar to gear pumps, but abrasion
resistant, repairableresistant, repairable Somewhat more Somewhat more
costlycostly
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Diaphragm PumpDiaphragm Pump
Similar in pressure & volume to Similar in pressure & volume to gear pumpsgear pumps
Very abrasion resistantVery abrasion resistant
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Piston PumpsPiston Pumps
High volumesHigh volumes High pressuresHigh pressures Rugged & versatileRugged & versatile
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Pressure RegulatorsPressure Regulators Controls pressureControls pressure
– rate deliver to nozzles By -passes excess material back By -passes excess material back
to tankto tank
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Pressure RegulatorsPressure Regulators
Two typesTwo types
– simple relief valves
– pressure unloaders
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Pressure GaugePressure Gauge
EssentialEssential– pressure affects delivery
Gauges do wear Gauges do wear out or become out or become cloggedclogged
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HosesHoses
Composition (chief liner Composition (chief liner material)material)
ConstructionConstruction– reinforcement, rigidity, flexibility
Working pressureWorking pressure SizeSize
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NozzlesNozzles
Complete assembly consists of..Complete assembly consists of..– Body– Screen– Cap– Tip or orifice plate
Many designs are availableMany designs are available– all spread a liquid into droplets
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Manufacturer tech sheets are crucial.
Application rate depends on ground speed and pressure
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Never operate at higher pressures to compensate for the wrong size.
This will cause nozzle wear and drift.
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Nozzle MaterialsNozzle Materials
AluminumAluminum BrassBrass CeramicCeramic PlasticPlastic NylonNylon Stainless steelStainless steel Tungsten carbideTungsten carbide
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Carbide & stainless steel are most abrasion resistant.. More expensive.
No single material is perfect for all applications methods.
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Regular Flat Fan NozzleRegular Flat Fan Nozzle
Used for broadcast spraying on Used for broadcast spraying on
boomboom
30-50% pattern overlap, 40 psi30-50% pattern overlap, 40 psi
Calibrate frequently to check for Calibrate frequently to check for
nozzle wearnozzle wear
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Off Center NozzlesOff Center Nozzles
Roadside and railroad workRoadside and railroad work
Specialized booms for Specialized booms for
obstructionsobstructions
Possible wide application in a Possible wide application in a
single passsingle pass
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Other Nozzle TypesOther Nozzle Types
BoomlessBoomless
– wide swath without a boom
– affected by winds
Whirling disksWhirling disks
– reduce fine droplets
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Sprayers for Right-of-Way Sprayers for Right-of-Way MaintenanceMaintenance
Backpacks to aircraftBackpacks to aircraft Often specialized for tasksOften specialized for tasks
– don’t try to clean herbicides from sprayers used for other pesticide applications
– *ammonia or detergent at 1 qt per 25 gallons of water * test before using
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Portable SprayersPortable Sprayers
Compressed airCompressed air
– convenient spot and small zone
treatment
Mist blowerMist blower
– greater coverage zone, faster
– greater drift potential
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Sprayers Carried by Sprayers Carried by VehiclesVehicles
Higher pressure sprayerHigher pressure sprayer
– wide range of uses, with
modifications
Low pressure boom sprayersLow pressure boom sprayers
Aerial sprayersAerial sprayers
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Boom Sprayer AdjustmentBoom Sprayer Adjustment
Nozzle spacingNozzle spacing
Nozzle tip orificeNozzle tip orifice
PressurePressure
Ground speedGround speed
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CalibrationCalibration
Correct & effective amount of Correct & effective amount of pesticide is deliveredpesticide is delivered
Saves money & legal problemsSaves money & legal problems– exceeding legal rate
Reduces off target movementReduces off target movement
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Calibrating Boom SprayersCalibrating Boom Sprayers
Check nozzlesCheck nozzles Clean nozzles and screensClean nozzles and screens Check delivery for each nozzleCheck delivery for each nozzle Select ground speedSelect ground speed Select pump pressureSelect pump pressure Measure swath widthMeasure swath width
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Calibrating Boom SprayersCalibrating Boom Sprayers
Measure watered deliver in one Measure watered deliver in one minute by all nozzlesminute by all nozzles
Determine the amount of time to Determine the amount of time to cover one acrecover one acre
Minutes per acre = 1
ground speed x swath width x .002
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Calibrating Boom SprayersCalibrating Boom Sprayers
Convert to gallons per acreConvert to gallons per acre
Gal per acre = gal per minute x min per acre
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Calibrating Boom SprayersCalibrating Boom Sprayers
If amount delivered is too little…If amount delivered is too little…
– increase pump pressure
– decrease ground speed
– use larger nozzles
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Calibrating Boom SprayersCalibrating Boom Sprayers
If amount delivered is too much..If amount delivered is too much..
– decrease pump pressure
– increase tractor speed
– use smaller nozzles
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Dosage Regulated Dosage Regulated ApplicationsApplications
Based on target size and Based on target size and
material concentrationmaterial concentration
– spray to drip
– basal spraying
– frill treatment
– stump treatment
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Error FactorsError Factors
Improperly measuring and Improperly measuring and
mixingmixing
Over applicationOver application
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Public RelationsPublic Relations
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Public RelationsPublic Relations
Differences in perceptionDifferences in perception CarelessnessCarelessness Other areas of concernOther areas of concern
– water ways– toxic plants– farm operations– pets– brown out
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Avoid Job ProblemsAvoid Job Problems
Choose contractors carefullyChoose contractors carefully
Write contacts carefullyWrite contacts carefully
– follow up on performance
Consistent policiesConsistent policies
Educate the publicEducate the public
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ContractorsContractors
You’re selling your reputationYou’re selling your reputation Choose employees carefullyChoose employees carefully Train employeesTrain employees Keep recordsKeep records Inspect workInspect work Follow- up on complaintsFollow- up on complaints
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Applicators Should...Applicators Should...
Have product informationHave product information
– labels, MSDS
Respond to public inquiriesRespond to public inquiries
Be professionalBe professional
– be polite, overall appearance
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