mse 227: introduction to materials science & engineering
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MSE 227: Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering
Course Objective...Introduce fundamental concepts in MSE
You will learn about:• material structure
• how structure dictates properties• how processing can change structure
This course will help you to:• use materials properly• realize new design opportunities
with materials
Time: T/Th 9:30 – 10:45 AM,11:00-12:15 PM
Room: JD3504
Instructor: Dr. Dale Conner Dept. of Manufacturing System Engineering and Management
Office: JD3511, (818) 677-4730
Office Hour: T, Th: 12:30-1:30 PM6:00 – 6:45 PM
Email: rdconner@csun.edu
Prerequisites: CHEM 101, PHYS220A, PHYS220ALCorequisites: MATH 150B.
Textbook: Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering, 3nd Ed. 2008.
W.D. Callister, Jr. J. Wiley & Sons, NY
Last day to drop without approval: Sept. 12, 2008
Course Description: An introductory course in engineering materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. Study of atomic and crystalline structures of materials. Application of basic principles to the study of mechanical, physical, and chemical behavior of materials. Selection of materials in engineering applications based on materials properties and processing. Design project on materials properties, selection or application.
The learning objectives are: To understand the principles of engineering and science in applications of materials and design. To learn to find information in literature and other available sources. To learn to use information systems (computer, internet, and other available sources) in engineering practice.
Grading Policy Quizzes 15.0 % Mid-term Exam 40 % Term papers 15 % Final Exam 30%
Methods of Students evaluation: Two class examinations and a final examination.Weekly quizzes and worksheetsA written report on a material of interest: Outline due: November 13, 2008, with a list of at least six
references. Project due: December 9, 2008.
The Materials Science Mantra:
The properties of a material depend upon its composition and microstructure
The microstructure of a material depends upon its composition and the processing that it undergoes
Materials are... engineered structures...not blackboxes!
Structure...has many dimensions...
Structural feature Dimension (m)
atomic bonding
missing/extra atoms
crystals (ordered atoms)
second phase particles
crystal texturing
< 10-10
10-10
10-8-10-1
10-8-10-4
> 10-6
1
Chapter 1
ex: hardness vs structure of steel • Properties depend on structure
Data obtained from Figs. 10.21(a)and 10.23 with 4wt%C composition,and from Fig. 11.13 and associateddiscussion, Callister 6e.Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.10.10; (b) Fig. 9.27;(c) Fig. 10.24;and (d) Fig. 10.12, Callister 6e.
ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel • Processing can change structure
2
Structure, Processing, & Properties
Cooling Rate (C/s)
100
200
300
400
500
600
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
(a)
30m
(b)
30m
(d)
30m(c)
4m
Hard
ness
(B
HN
)
1. Pick Application Determine required Properties
2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)
3. Material Identify required Processing
Processing: changes structure and overall shapeex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping forming, joining, annealing.
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,magnetic, optical, deteriorative.
Material: structure, composition.
3
The Materials Selection Process
T (°C)-200 -100 0
Cu + 3.32 at%Ni
Cu + 2.16 at%Ni
deformed Cu + 1.12 at%Ni
1
2
3
4
5
6
Resi
stiv
ity,
(1
0-8 O
hm
-m)
0
Cu + 1.12 at%Ni
“Pure” Cu
• Electrical Resistivity of Copper:
• Adding “impurity” atoms to Cu increases resistivity.• Deforming Cu increases resistivity.
4
Adapted from Fig. 18.8, Callister 6e.(Fig. 18.8 adapted from: J.O. Linde,Ann Physik 5, 219 (1932); andC.A. Wert and R.M. Thomson,Physics of Solids, 2nd edition,McGraw-Hill Company, New York,1970.)
ELECTRICAL
• Space Shuttle Tiles: --Silica fiber insulation offers low heat conduction.
• Thermal Conductivity of Copper: --It decreases when you add zinc!
Composition (wt%Zinc)Therm
al C
onduct
ivit
y
(W/m
-K)
400
300
200
100
00 10 20 30 40
5
Fig. 19.0, Callister 6e.(Courtesy of LockheedMissiles and SpaceCompany, Inc.)
100m
Adapted fromFig. 19.4W, Callister 6e. (Courtesy of Lockheed Aerospace Ceramics Systems, Sunnyvale, CA)(Note: "W" denotes fig. is on CD-ROM.)
Adapted from Fig. 19.4, Callister 6e.(Fig. 19.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys and Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker, (Managing Editor), American Society for Metals, 1979, p. 315.)
THERMAL
• Magnetic Permeability vs. Composition: --Adding 3 atomic % Si makes Fe a better recording medium!
Magnetic FieldMagneti
zati
on
Fe+3%Si
Fe
6
• Magnetic Storage: --Recording medium is magnetized by recording head.
MAGNETIC
• Transmittance: --Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or opaque depending on the material structure.
7
single crystalpolycrystal:low porosity
polycrystal:high porosity
OPTICAL
• Stress & Saltwater... --causes cracks!
• Heat treatment: slows crack speed in salt water!
4m--material: 7150-T651 Al "alloy" (Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr)
8
“held at 160C for 1hr before testing”
increasing loadcrack
sp
eed
(m
/s)
“as-is”
10-10
10-8
Alloy 7178 tested in saturated aqueous NaCl solution at 23C
DETERIORATIVE
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