mrs. degl1. 2 the circulatory system carries blood and dissolved substances to and from different...

Mrs. Degl 1

Mrs. Degl 2

The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved

substances to and from different places in the body. The Heart has the job of pumping these things around

the body. The Heart pumps blood and substances around

the

body in tubes called blood vessels. The Heart and blood vessels together make up the

Circulatory System.

What is the circulatory system?

Mrs. Degl 3

lungs

head & arms

liver

digestive system

kidneys

legs

pulmonary artery

aorta

pulmonary vein

main vein

Left Right

How does this system work?

Mrs. Degl 4

Lungs

Body cells

Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.

This means it has two parts parts.

the right side of

the system

deals with

deoxygenated

blood.

the left side of

the system

deals with

oxygenated

blood.

Mrs. Degl 5

The Heart

These are arteries. They carry blood away from the heart.

This is a vein. It brings blood from the body, except the lungs.

Coronary arteries, the hearts own blood supply

The heart has four chambers

2 atria

2 ventricles

now lets look inside the heart

Mrs. Degl 6

The Heart

Left Ventricle

Left AtriumRight Atrium

Right Ventricle

valve

Vein from Lungs

Artery to Head and BodyArtery to Lungs

Vein from Head and Body

valve

Mrs. Degl 7

How does the Heart work?

blood from the body

blood from the lungs

The heart beat begins when the

heart muscles relax and blood

flows into the atria.

STEP ONE

Mrs. Degl 8

The atria then contract and

the valves open to allow

blood

into the ventricles.

How does the Heart work?

STEP TWO

Mrs. Degl 9

How does the Heart work?

The valves close to stop blood

flowing backwards.

The ventricles contract forcing

the blood to leave the heart.

At the same time, the atria are

relaxing and once again filling with

blood.The cycle then repeats itself.

STEP THREE

Mrs. Degl 10

blood from the heart gets around

the body through blood vessels

There are 3 types of blood vessels

a. ARTERY

b. VEIN

c. CAPILLARY

Mrs. Degl 11

The ARTERY

thick muscle and elastic fibres

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

the elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch under

pressure

the thick muscle can contract to push the blood

along.

Mrs. Degl 12

The VEIN

Veins carry blood towards from the heart.

thin muscle and elastic fibres

veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction.

body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the body, they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel.

Mrs. Degl 13

The CAPILLARY

Capillaries link Arteries with Veins

the wall of a capillaryis only one cell thick

they exchange materials between the blood and other body cells.

The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through capillaries.

Mrs. Degl 14

artery vein

capillariesbody cell

The CAPILLARYA collection of capillaries is known as a capillary capillary bedbed.

Mrs. Degl 15

what’s in

red blood cells

white blood cells

platelets

plasma

carbon dioxide

digested food

waste (urea)

hormones

oxygen

Mrs. Degl 16

The Blood

plasma

red blood cell

white blood cell

platelets

Mrs. Degl 17

Red Blood Cells

contain haemoglobin, a molecule specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to cells that need it.

can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the capillaries.

a biconcave disc that is round and flat without a nucleus

Mrs. Degl 18

White Blood Cellsthere are many different types and all contain a big nucleus.

the two main ones are the Lymphocytes and the Phagocytes.

Some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy invaders by dissolving them. Other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons. Active immunity can happen when the body detects a foreign substance and develops antibodies to kill it. After the virus is over the body keeps it’s antibodies to protect against future infections. Vaccines produce active immunities. Passive immunities can happen when a person receives antibodies from the blood of another person or animal (blood transfusions or eating meats). These are temporary.

Phagocytes ‘eat’ and digest micro-organisms .

Mrs. Degl 19

PlateletsPlatelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells.

Platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibres to form a net. This net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot.

Mrs. Degl 20

Plasma

A straw-coloured liquid that carries the cells and the platelets which help blood clot.

• carbon dioxide

• glucose

• amino acids

• proteins

• minerals

• vitamins

• hormones

• waste materials like urea.

It also contains useful things like;

Mrs. Degl 21

According to the AB0 blood typing system there are four different kinds of blood types: A, B, AB or 0 (null). Blood group AIf you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma Blood group BIf you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma. Blood group ABIf you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma.

Blood group OIf you belong to the blood group O (null), you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma.

Mrs. Degl 22

Mrs. Degl 23

Disorders of the Transport System

•Diseases of the heart and blood are cardiovascular diseases.•High blood pressure is called Hypertension, which can damage the arteries and weaken the heart muscle.•Anemia results when the blood cannot carry enough oxygen to the body cells.•Angina is a narrowing of the coronary artery which slows blood flow to the heart. This causes shortness of breath or chest pains. This leads to a hear attack.•Leukemia is a form of cancer in which the bone marrow produces abnormally large numbers of white blood cells.

Mrs. Degl 24

SUMMARY

copy and complete the following;

Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery

are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins

carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The

_________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall.

Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of

the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to

protect the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.

away

platelets

towards

capillaries

plasma

oxygen

muscular