mr shorter geologic time
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Geologic HistoryAnswer the following questions as best you can.
1. How old is the Earth?
2. What do geologists use to determine the Earth’s age?
3. How long has our human species been around on Earth?
4. How long has it been since dinosaurs roamed the Earth?
5. What do geologists use to break up geologic time?
Geologic Time Scale
Geologic Time ScaleAnswer the following questions using your
geologic time scale.
1. What 4 categories does the time scale use?2. What are the 3 Eras?3. What are the 3 Periods in the Cenozoic?4. What are the 3 Periods in the Mesozoic?5. What are the Periods in the Paleozoic?6. What are the Epochs in the Cenozoic?7. Which Period was longer ago, Paleogene or
Devonian?8. Which Epoch was most recent, Pliocene or
Eocene?9. How much time does the Mesozoic cover?
• The person with the biggest shoe size will go first.
• Answer all 9 questions about the time scale after your partner reads them to you.
• Switch roles and have your partner answer all 9 questions.
• Give a parting gambit and find another partner.
• After 2 partners, sit back down.
Geologic Time Scale
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Precambrian• 4.65 billion years ago – 540 million
years ago. Makes up 90% of geologic time.
Precambrian• Earth was formed through the process
of accretion.
Precambrian• Earth was formed through the process
of accretion.
Precambrian• Earth was formed through the process
of accretion.
Precambrian• Earth cooled for about 500 million
years and a thin crust, atmosphere, and oceans began to form.
Precambrian• A thick atmosphere rich in water
vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide began to develop.
Precambrian• Earth’s oceans had no oxygen and
were green in color due to high amounts of iron. About 4 billion years ago, stromatolites formed.
Precambrian• Stromatolites are cyanobacteria that
form rock like structures with biofilms. They have a by-product of oxygen!
Precambrian• Stromatolites are cyanobacteria that
form rock like structures with biofilms. They have a by-product of oxygen!
Precambrian• Oxygen from stromatolites saturated
the ocean and turned the ocean blue!
• This happened between 3.5-2 billion years ago.
• It created Banded Iron Formations.
Precambrian• About 2 billion years ago the first
known complex life formed.
• About 600 million years ago Ediacarans appeared.
Precambrian• About 540 million years ago hard
shelled organisms appeared.
• The Precambrian Eon had ended, and the Paleozoic had begun.
Precambrian Review1. What percentage of geologic time does the
Precambrian make up?
2. Describe the early Earth’s atmosphere and oceans.
3. What structure created by cyanobacteria is responsible for Earth’s early oxygen?
4. What very important resource did all the oxygen in the ocean create?
5. What was the name of the Precambrian complex life from about 600 million years ago?
• Person A goes first
• Person B will read the review questions while person A answers.
• Switch roles and have person A read and person B answer.
• Give a parting gambit and sit back down.
Geologic Time Scale
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Paleozoic• Goes from 540 – 250 million years ago.
• Part of the Phanerozoic eon.
• Paleozoic means “old life”
Paleozoic• The Cambrian is known for its
explosion of life.
• These animals lived in the oceans and were the first to have hard shells.
Paleozoic• The Ordovician was when the first
primitive fish appeared.
Paleozoic• The Ordovician was when the first
primitive fish appeared.
Paleozoic• The Ordovician ends in a big freeze.
About 50% of marine life dies.
Paleozoic• The Silurian period has the first fossils
of land dwelling life. It was only plants at this point.
Paleozoic• The Silurian period has the first fossils
of land dwelling life. It was only plants at this point.
Paleozoic• The Devonian period is when animal
life starts to colonize the land. It is mostly insect life, but fish make the jump to land and become reptiles.
Paleozoic• The Devonian period is when animal
life starts to colonize the land. It is mostly insect life, but fish make the jump to land and become amphibians.
Tiktaalick
Paleozoic• The Devonian ends in a big freeze.
About 50% of marine life dies.
Paleozoic• The Carboniferous is the first time
seed plants show up in the fossil record.
Paleozoic• The Carboniferous is the first time
seed plants show up in the fossil record.
Paleozoic• The Carboniferous was a time when
the Earth was very warm and covered with huge swamps.
• These swamps lead to the formation of the coal we use today as a natural resource.
Paleozoic• The Permian is when reptiles begin to
dominate the Earth’s surface.
Paleozoic• The Permian is also when the
supercontinent Pangaea came together.
Paleozoic• The Permian ends with the biggest
mass extinction in Earth’s history. About 95% of all life on Earth dies.
Paleozoic• The Earth was cleansed, and the time
of dinosaurs was to begin.
Paleozoic Review1. When was the Paleozoic?
2. What period did fish first show up in the fossils?
3. During what period was the Earth covered in huge swamps leading to modern coal?
4. What periods ended in mass extinctions?
5. What percentage of life died out at the end of the Permian?
6. During what period did the first seed plants show up in the fossils?
Geologic Time Scale
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Mom, are you sure my dad was a pumpkin?
I am telling you, Huggies give you better wetness
protection than Luv’s!
Mesozoic• From 250 – 65 million years ago.
• Mesozoic means “middle life”
• Age of the dinosaurs
Mesozoic• Broken into three Periods.
Mesozoic• During the Triassic, Pangaea begins to
break up and the continents start their journey to where they are today.
Mesozoic• During the Triassic, modern reef
building coral developed
• Dinosaurs and mammals began to evolve, but were small during the Triassic.
• The top predator were the Rauisuchians.
Mesozoic
Mesozoic• During the Jurassic, dinosaurs explode,
both in number and size.
• Birds first appear, and conifer forests dominate the land plants.
Mesozoic• During the Cretaceous Phytoplankton
are abundant in the oceans, and flowering plants first appear.
Mesozoic• During the Cretaceous Phytoplankton
are abundant in the oceans, and flowering plants first appear.
Mesozoic• During the Cretaceous dinosaurs
continue to evolve.
Mesozoic• The Mesozoic ends with the 2nd largest
mass extinction event in Earth’s history.
Mesozoic• The Mesozoic ends with the 2nd largest
mass extinction event in Earth’s history.
Mesozoic• The Mesozoic ends with the 2nd largest
mass extinction event in Earth’s history.
Mesozoic• The Mesozoic extinction kills 65% of
life on the planet, including almost all dinosaur life.
• It clears the Earth of the big predators and allows mammals to take over.
Mesozoic• Geologically, what happened at the
beginning of the Triassic?
• What animal first appears in the Jurassic?
• Compare dinosaurs from the Triassic to the rest of the Mesozoic.
• What are the 2 main factors that lead to the Cretaceous mass extinction?
• What does Mesozoic mean?
Cenozoic• From 65 million years ago to today.
• Cenozoic means “recent life”
• This is the age of mammals.
• Ocean life remains mostly unchanged during the Cenozoic.
• There are no mass extinction events during these 65 million years.
Cenozoic• The Cenozoic is broken into 3 periods
and 7 epochs.
Cenozoic• The Paleogene begins after the mass
extinction of the dinosaurs.
• The Paleocene is a time where mammals begin to thrive with great diversity.
Cenozoic• During the Eocene, modern forests
begin to dominate the land.
• Mammals increase in size and diversity.
• The Cascade and Rocky mountains begin to form.
• Global temperatures begin to cool and the Earth begins a constant cycle of ice ages and warm periods that continue today.
Cenozoic
Cenozoic
Cenozoic• During the Oligocene, modern grass
and grasslands develop.
• India crashes into Asia forming the Himalaya mountains.
• Africa crashes into Europe forming the Alpine mountains.
Cenozoic• The Neogene is a time of great
mammal diversity.
• During the Miocene, mammal diversity peaks, and most modern animals are on Earth.
• This diversity is due to the separated continents and multiple biomes that occur naturally on Earth for the first time.
Cenozoic
Cenozoic• At the end of the Miocene, humanlike
primates appear.
Cenozoic• The Pliocene marks the time of the
first human species on Earth.
Cenozoic• The Quaternary is the time of modern
humans.
• During the Pleistocene, Neanderthals die out and modern humans become the dominant species.
Cenozoic• Modern humans begin migrating out of
Africa and Asia and start colonizing the world.
• Scientist believe during an ice age, humans walked across the Bering Strait and entered North America for the first time.
Cenozoic• About 10,000 years ago the Earth
started to warm after it’s last ice age.
• The time since then is the Holocene.
Geologic TimeTest Tomorrow.
Bring your notes and time scales to class!
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