mr. pagliaro seymour high school @pagsapush. progressives & progressivism
Post on 18-Dec-2015
220 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
THE PROGRESSIVE ERA:
1900-1920
Mr. Pagliaro
Seymour High School
@PagsAPUSH
Part 1Progressives & Progressivism
Part 1 Objectives
1. Explain the four goals of progressivism.
2. Summarize progressive efforts to clean up government.
3. Identify progressive efforts to reform state government, protect workers, and reform elections.
Progressivism: KEY POINTS
Most reformer leaders = middle-classFocus: urban or consumer issues
Beliefs that government should:Fix social issuesRegulate industryImprove labor conditions
Against Social Darwinism – focus on cooperation
Progressive movements
Political & Social reformsExposing corruptionModernizationElection reformsMunicipal reformFamily and foodConstitutional changeProhibition
Economic policies
Four Basic goals of Progressives
1) Protect Social Welfare
2) Promote Moral Improvement
3) Create Economic Reform
4) Foster Efficiency
Specific Goals of Progressivism
Democratization of political processDirect election of senatorsWomen’s suffrage
Reform state & local politicsPublic opinion: initiative, referendum, recallCommission/City-planner local stylesWeaken political machines w/ nonpartisan local politics
Regulation of big businessRegulate child laborAntitrust lawsLaws to protect consumers
Reading Review:
What is an initiative? What is a referendum? What is a recall vote?
Progressives didn’t…
fight for civil rights reforms want labor reforms to lead to socialism
Progressive legal reforms
Constitutional Amendments
Federal laws
16th – income tax 17th – direct election of
senators 18th – prohibition 19th – women’s suffrage
1890: Sherman Antitrust Act 1902: Newlands Reclamation Act 1906:
Pure Food and Drug Act Meat Inspection Act
1910: Mann Act Mann-Elkins Act
1913: Clayton Antitrust Act Federal Reserve Act
Part 2Muckrakers
Part 2 Objectives
1. Identify the role of journalists in shaping social and political reform during the progressive era.
2. Evaluate the roles of Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis, and Ida Tarbell.
Muckrakers
Investigative reportersPromoted reformsExposed government corruptionUncovered urban problemsRevealed business dishonesty
Criticized political bosses, robber barons Large audience due to mass circulation
Newspapers, magazines
Leading Muckrakers
Upton Sinclair Ida Tarbell Lincoln Steffens Jacob Riis
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle (1906)Exposed disgusting situation of American
meatpacking industry Public outcry forced Congress to pass:
Meat Inspection Act (1906)Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)
Mary had a little Lamb and When she saw it start to sicken She shipped it off to packing town and now they call it Chicken
The Meat Inspection Act
The Pure Food & Drug Act
Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906halted the sale of
contaminated foods and medicines
truth in labeling
The Pure Food and Drug Act took medicines with cocaine and other harmful ingredients off the market
Ida M. Tarbell Leading female muckraker McClure’s Magazine
The History of the Standard Oil Trust - 1902-04○ Criticized Rockefeller’s practices
“The Mother of all Trusts”
○ Used horizontal AND vertical integrationNO competition for drilling, refining, and delivery
Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, (1911)Broke trust into several competing companies
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt depicted as the infant Hercules grappling with Standard Oil in a 1906 Puck magazine cartoon
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the CitiesExposed public corruption
○ Help immigrants under thumbs of political machines
Jacob Riis
How the Other Half LivesPhoto journalism; bookFlash photography
○ Focus on immigrants, Lower East Side, NYC○ Gave a face to poverty
Helped promote reform:- Tenement housing- Sweatshop working conditions
- Related poor conditions to high rates of crime, alcoholism, family issues
Progressive groups
Women’s Christian Temperance Union, Anti-Saloon LeagueProhibition
YMCA & Salvation ArmyProtect social welfare
Industrial Efficiency
Louis BrandeisLimit women’s hours @ work
Scientific ManagementFrederick Taylor (Taylor Method)
Assembly linesHenry Ford
FOSTERING EFFICIENCY Scientific
Management Frederick Taylor
motion studiesimprove factory
efficiency
REGULATING BIG BUSINESS Robert La
FolletteGov. Wisconsin
○ regulation of big business
Robert La Follette
PROTECTING WORKING CHILDREN
Child labor reformsprone to accidents
caused by fatigueNearly every state
limited or banned child labor by 1918
EFFORTS TO LIMIT HOURS
Reduced women’s work week
Goal: 40 hour weeks/worker
Workman’s compensation
ELECTION REFORM
Australian (Secret) Ballot
Recall Referendum Initiatives Primary elections
DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS Before 1913, each
state’s legislature had chosen its own U.S. senators
Eliminated influence of political machines Congress passed the
17th Amendment (1913)
Part 3Progressive Presidents
Part 3 Objectives
1. Explain how Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to regulate business.
2. Identify laws passed to protect public health and the environment.
3. Summarize Roosevelt's stand on civil rights.
4. Explain the division in the Republican Party.
5. Describe the election of 1912.
6. Describe Woodrow Wilson's background and the progressive reforms of his presidency.
Theodore Roosevelt
26th President – Republican Party
1901-1909 Addressed –
Meat packing industryUnsafe medicinal productsEnvironmental conservationFighting railroad trusts
Square Deal Labor Arbitration
TRUSTBUSTING
1900, Trusts – controlled 80% of U.S. industries Sued under
Sherman Antitrust Act
1902 COAL STRIKE 1902: 140,000 coal
miners strike wanting: 20 % pay increase 9-hour work day right to unionize
Mine owners refused to bargain
Roosevelt settled the dispute Fed must help if strikes
affect public
Settlement:10% Pay Increase
9-hour workdayNo UnionizationArbitration board
ROOSEVELT AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Preserve nation’s natural resources
Roosevelt pushed conservation
Roosevelt, left, was an avid outdoorsman – here he is with author
John Muir at Yosemite Park
ROOSEVELT’S ENVIROMENTAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS
148 million acres of forest reserves
1.5 million acres of water-power sites
50 wildlife sanctuaries National parks
Yosemite National Park, CA
William H. Taft
27th President – Roosevelt’s handpicked successorSupport of Payne-Aldrich Tariff
○ Failed to appease progressive Republicans○ Split party
Busted 90 trusts in 4 years (double TR)
Election of 1912
Election of 1912
Election of 1912
42%
28%
24%
6%
% of popular vote
WilsonRooseveltTaftDebs
Woodrow Wilson 28th President – 1913-1921
Former governor of NJ, president of Princeton
Southern Economic policies attacked:
TrustsHigh TariffsBanking Issues
Economic Legislation during Wilson’s Administration Underwood Tariff – 1913: LOWER
Boosted by 16th Amendment – Income Tax Aid to farmers
Smith-Lever Act – 1914 – Taught new techniquesFederal Farm Loan Act – 1916 – Low interest loans
Aid to workersClayton Antitrust Act – 1914 – strengthened antitrust
laws○ Held business owners liable for adherence to laws
Federal Reserve Act - 1913 New central banking system of USA
Aided spread of currency & credit
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION (FTC) FORMED
Formed 1914 “watchdog” agency
end unfair business practices
protects consumers from business fraud
Today the FTC has been working on protecting consumers from ID theft
Foreign Policy (PRE WWI)
Halted aid to Pancho Villa’s Mexican revolutionariesRecognized legitimacy of Carranza’s regime
Mexican Expedition – 1916 to 1917John J. Pershing4,300 soldiersResponse to Villa’s Columbus, NM raid
Part 4Reformers & Suffragettes
Part 4 Objectives
1. Describe the growing presence of women in the workforce at the turn of the 20th century.
2. Identify leaders of the woman suffrage movement.
3. List the steps leading to woman suffrage.
4. Explain how woman suffrage was achieved.
Jane Addams
Hull House – ChicagoSettlement houses helped urban poor
○ Nurseries for working mothers○ Reports condemned living conditions for poor○ Literacy classes
Women’s Suffrage
NWSA-1869-National Women’s Suffrage AssociationSusan B. Anthony, Elisabeth
Cady Stanton NAWSA-1890
THREE-PART STRATEGY FOR WINNING SUFFRAGE
1) Convince state legislatures (Succeeded in Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Colorado)
2) Pursue court cases to test 14th Amendment
3) Push for national Constitutional amendment
WOMEN AND REFORM 1896 formation of National
Association of Colored Women (NACW)Goals:
○ Suffrage○ Improve working conditions
Women & Progressive Reforms
Ida B. Wells-Barnett – anti-lynching, suffrage, and civil rights
Margaret Sanger – birth control activist, promoted sex educationFounded American Birth Control LeagueAnti-abortion
Others campaigned forChild labor legislationLimiting hours for women & children
Women & the Workplace
Majority of female workers: young, unmarried
Most work outside of home includedDomestic servants (>60%)Garment work (20%)TeachersCigar makers
Little opportunity for advanced degreesEmergence of “Seven Sisters” Colleges
Part 5African-Americans during the Progressive Era
Part 5 Objectives
1. Identify Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois
2. Analyze the foundation of the NAACP
3. Summarize the challenges faced by African Americans that emerged during the Progressive Era.
Booker T. Washington Main African American leader 1890-1915
Author, educator, oratorFounder, Tuskegee Institute (industrial
education)Atlanta Address, 1895
○ Promoted hiring of nation’s blacks over immigrants
○ Promoted gradualism, (education) and separatism (segregation)
W.E.B. Du Bois Author, scholar, civil rights activist Goals included integration, education,
progress for Civil Rights 1903 – Talented Tenth
Promoted advancement via classical education 1905 – Niagara Movement
Advocated economic, political, & social equality 1909 – Founded NAACP
The NAACP
Goal: Equality of all racesFocused on using courts to achieve
equality/justice○ Attack Jim Crow legislation
6,000 members in first 5 years,currently 300,000
Newsletter: The Crisis
LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM
Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson retreated on Civil Rights once in office
“Birth of a Nation”-1915 Gave rise to 2nd KKK
○ peaked in membership in 1920sBanned by Ku Klux Klan Act,
1871○ New form was:
RacistAnti-catholicAnti-immigrantAnti-semetic
The KKK reached a membership of 4.5 million in the 1920s
"It is like writing history with lightning, and my only regret is that it
is all so terribly true.“-President, Woodrow Wilson
Topics to review for AP exam
Goals of progressivism Upton Sinclair, Ida
Tarbell, and Jacob Riis Legislation under
Roosevelt The Federal Reserve
Act
Dollar Diplomacy Women in in the Progressive
Era The 16th, 17th, and 18th
amendments Varying viewpoints on civil
rights advocacy
top related