mr. boucher. 1 – what is science a – a methodology of thinking b – a way of researching the...
Post on 02-Jan-2016
214 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Section 1.1
1 – What is scienceA – a methodology of thinkingB – a way of researching the physical worldC – a body of knowledge
2 – Only with all three together can we actually have true science
Section 1.1
3 – Only studies the physical world, things that are testable and disprovableA – why do we want to disprove instead of prove?
- keeps us honest- if you try to prove something, you
probably will- if you can’t disprove something
it’s worth looking into
Section 1.1
B – rarely prove things in certain terms- uncertainty is fun
C – can still make predictions about the outcomes of events- predictions can be useful
Section 1.1
1 – Scientific methodA – people think it’s complicated, but use it all the time – example of car
Section 1.1
The scientific method parts 1 – observation: noticing and describing
things in a careful, orderly way. B – Look at something everyone has
seen, think something no-one has thought. Which leads to questions no-one has asked.
2 – Asking questions A good observation is only worth it if
it leads to good questions
Section 1.1
Don’t forget to use all your senses You want as many senses and tools
involved as possible.
Section 1.1
This stops you from making mistakes Just because you see
it doesn’t mean you can believe it
Section 1.1
2 – Asking questions A good observation is only worth it if
it leads to good questionsExample: In the 17th (1668) century there was
a debate over what caused food to spoil. Spontaneous Generation: living things,
like maggots, could arise from nonliving substances.
Biogenesis: living things can only come from other living things.
Section 1.1
3 – hypothesizing & Inferences A – Inference: logical interpretation of
what was observed
B – Hypothesis: scientific explanation for observations that can be tested
Section 1.1
Experiments 1 – the fun part of science 2 – multiple parts to a proper (Controlled)
experiment A – variables: these are the things that
change in an experiment. Anything that can be changed or different can be a variable
B – only test one variable at a time
Section 1.1
C – types of variables - independent variable: the
variable you deliberately change - can also be called manipulative variable
- Dependent variable: the change you observe. It is the response in the experiment to the independent variable
Section 1.1
3 – control group: a group in the experiment that is exposed to all the same conditions except for the independent variable
4 – usually have several sets of control groups and several experimental groups running at the same time
Section 1.1
5 – Data: the information gathered during experiments or research – must be gathered carefully
6 – two types A – quantitative data: numbers
gathered by counting or measuring B – qualitative data: descriptive data
involve characteristics
Section 1.1
7 – tools: any and all things used during experiments or research to either gain information or run the experiment
8 – sources of error: anything that could make the experiment not work or give results you weren’t expecting.
A – This can be one of the most important parts of your lab reports.
Section 1.1
9 – Conclusions: is the original hypothesis right or wrong? Do parts of it need to be revised? Etc.
A – Usually you need multiple experiments to draw solid conclusions about any one hypothesis
B – Often only portions of hypothesis are confirmed or reformed
top related