mpba guidance document r1 - bs addendum · bs en 12195 load restraint assemblies on road vehicles,...
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Contents//
1 Introduction2 LoadSafety– PrinciplesofLoadSecuring2.1RestrainingtheLoad2.2PositionoftheLoad2.3AnchoragePointsandLashings2.4Restraints2.5LashingoftheLoad2.6SheetingoftheLoad2.7TwistLocks3RoadsideInspectionbytheDVSA3.1InspectionMatrixQuestions4Penalties5OtherPointstoConsider6RiskAssessment7RegulationsandFurtherReading
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GuidanceDocument//• INTRODUCTION
• TheModularandPortableBuildingAssociation(MPBA)hascompiledthisGuidanceDocumentfollowinginstancesofroadsidechecksresultinginpenaltiesforourmembers.
• TheeffectivenessofstrappingandloadingofcabinsbeingtransportedhasbeenquestionedbyTheDriverandVehicleStandardsAgency(DVSA,(formerlyVOSA))duringroadsidechecks.Oneofthemainareasofconcernistheloadingofstaircasesandplatformsontopofthecabinbeingtransported.Althoughthereisnoclearwritteninstructionsayingyoucannotdothisthereisnoinstructionsayingthatyoucan.Theincreasingpointofviewfromisthattheywillclampdownonthispracticeintheroadsidechecksthatarebeingmade.
• TheRoadTrafficActintroducedprovisionsmakingnewoffences,applicabletothestateofloadsonvehiclesdesignedtoprotectthepeopleinvolvedinloading,unloadinganddrivingthevehicleaswellastheotherroadusersandpedestrians.
• LoadingandunloadingthevehicleshouldbesubjecttoalocalriskassessmentasrequiredbytheHealthandSafetyatWorkRegulations.AbasicchecklisthasbeenprovidedattheendofthisdocumentbutusersmaywanttotakeindividualadvicefromtheHSEwebsiteonriskassessmentsandhowtocarrythemout.
• SecuringthecabinitselfontothevehicleinvolvesadherencetomanyoftheLawsalreadyinplacethemainonesbeing:
• TheRoadVehicles(Constructionanduse)Regulations1986• TheRoadTrafficAct1988• (SeeAppendixforallotherreferencesusedincompilingthisdocument)
• In2013,theDVSAissuedinexcessof2000prohibitionstovehicleswhichintheiropinionpresentedaroadsafetyriskbecauseofhowtheloadwassecured.
• Increasingnumbersofroadsideexaminersareputtingalotofemphasisonsecurityofloadswhichinvolvethepracticeoftoploadingstaircases.Theirviewisthatthereisn’tawayofsecuringtheseirregularpiecesofequipmentontopofthecabinstheyareaccompanying.
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ManyofourmembershavealreadystoppedthispracticebutincreasingcostsofTransportoftenmeanthattheadditionofanothervehiclejusttotransporttheplatformthatwouldfitontopisn’tworthit.
DVSAtakeadifferentview.
Notwithstandinglegalrequirementscommonsenseprevailsandrequiresthatallloadsonvehiclesaresecured.
WiththisinmindthefollowingGuidancehasbeencompiledforMPBAmemberstoassisttheminthismatter.
LOADSAFETY
TheprinciplesofLoadSecurity
“Whenobjectsareinmotion,theywillcontinuetomoveinthesamedirectionandatthesamespeedunlesssomeotherforceactsuponthemtoretardor
stopthemovement”SirIsaacNewtonPrincipiaMathematica1666
Theprinciplesofmotionhavenotchangedandstillhavetobeobservedasdothelawsoftheland.
Whenavehicleisloaded,regardlessoftheshapeoftheload,thatloadismovingatthesamespeedasthevehicleandinthesamedirection.Whenthevehiclechangesdirectiontheloadwillcontinueintheoriginaldirectionunlesssomeotherforceactsuponitthusstoppingitmoving.Frictionofthevehiclebedisnotenough.GoingoverbumpsmayallowtheloadtoleavethesafetyofthevehiclebedthusreducingthefrictionfactormomentarilytoZerocausingaforwardmovementandcreatingabatteringrameffectagainsttheheadboardorsidewaysoffthevehicle.Thisisalsotrueofveryheavyloads.
Donotassumethattheweightoftheloadisenoughtokeepitinposition!Thegreatertheweightoftheload,thegreaterkineticenergycreated,makingitmorelikelythatitwillcontinueitsoriginalpath.
Inordertokeeptheloadsecurerestraintsmustbeusedtoensurethatwhenbraking,accelerating,corneringonroundabouts,overtakingetc.thattheloadstaysonthevehicleanddoesnotmove.
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Underheavybrakingtheweightactinginaforwarddirectioncanbeequaltothatactingdownonthevehicle.(Seefigures1&2below)
RestrainingtheLoad
ThebasicprincipleuponwhichthisguidanceisbasedisthatthecombinedstrengthoftheanyloadrestraintissufficienttowithstandaforcewhichisnotlessthantheTotalWeightoftheloadforwardsoastopreventtheloadmovingunderhardbraking.Itshouldalsobesufficienttowithstandhalftheweightbackwardsandsideways.(SeeFigure3)Theseshouldberegardedasminimumrequirementsasgreaterforcesmaybeexperiencedifthevehicleencountersabnormalconditionssuchasbeinginvolvedinanaccident.
Beforeavehicleisloaded,itshouldbecheckedtoensurethatitsloadplatform,bodyworkandanchoragepoints,includingtwistlockswherefitted,areappropriatefortheloadandareinasoundandserviceablecondition.Thisisthebasisofsecuringtheloadandshouldformpartofanyriskassessmentpriortoloading.(SeetheSectionrelatingtoRiskAssessmentlaterinthisGuidance)
2.1
Fig1
Fig2
Fig3
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PositionoftheLoad
Itisessentialthattheloadisplacedontothevehicleinsuchamannerthatforwardmovementisrestricted.Thebestmethodforthisistoplaceitcontactwiththeheadboard.
Wherethisisnotpracticablethenadditionalmeansofsecuringtheloadmustbefound.Thesemayincludeplacingobstaclessuchaspalletsorsuitabletimberblocksorsleepers.Thishastheeffectofeffectivelymovingtheheadboardrearwards.
Ifthisisnotpossibleforwhateverreasonthenothermeansmustbefoundtostopforwardmovementsuchasadditionalstrapping.
Theloadingofthevehicleshouldbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththevehiclescapabilitiestakingintoaccountaxleweightsandthecentreofgravityoftheload.
Theheaviestpartoftheloade.g.containerswithdieselgeneratorsshouldbeplacedsothattheheaviestpartoftheloadistowardsthecentrelineofthevehicle.
AnchoragePointsandLashings
Mostvehiclesarefittedwithsomeformofanchorageforloadrestraintsystems.Thesemaytaketheformofcustommadepointswhichhaverollerstrapsattachedortheymaybepointswhichhavebeenboltedorweldedontothevehicleforthatpurpose.
LashingsandAnchoragePointsshouldcomplywiththerelevantrequirementsofBSEN12195LoadRestraintAssembliesonRoadVehicles,furthermore,bydesignavehiclestrailer/bedwillaidloadsecuritywithcompliancewiththerelevantrequirementsofBSEN12642SecuringofCargoonRoadVehicles.
Anchoragepointsshouldbefirmlyattachedtothechassisandbesufficientlyratedsoastotransmittheforcestheyreceiveintothemainstructureofthevehicle.(Seefig4 above)Anchoragepointswhicharesecuredtotimberaloneshouldnotbeused.
Thecapacityofeachanchorpointisnormallyindicatedonthevehicle.Theloadshouldbesecuredinawaysuchasthecapacityoftheanchoragepoints,evenlydistributed,isnotlessthanthemaximumratedloadofthevehicle.Thereshouldbeaminimumof3anchoragepointsoneachside.
2.2
2.3
Fig4:Exampleanchoragepoints
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Thenumberofanchoragepointsusedforanyparticularloaddependsonthedimensionoftheloadbeingcarriedandthepositionoftheloadinrelationtotheheadboardoranyadditionalmeansofrestrainteg.twistlockswherefitted.Thepointsthemselvesmustbecompatiblewiththetypeofsecuringequipmentusede.g.eyeboltsorshackles.
Restraints
Anyrestraintsusedtosecuretheloadshouldberegularlyinspectedforwearandtearandsuitablyratedtothecapacityoftheload.Chainswhichareusedmusthaveasuitablesafeworkingloadandbecompatiblewithanytensionersandturnbuckleswhicharebeingused.
Webbingstrapsarenormallyusedtosecurecontainersontothevehicle.ItisrecommendedthatthesearemarkedwithaRatedAssemblyStrength(RAS)andcomplywithEN12195
WebbingmadefromPolyester,Polyamide,orPolypropylenemaybeusedwithinthecorrectrating.ItshouldbenotedthatwebbingmadefromPolyamidelosesupto15%ofitsstrengthwhenwet.Cut,damaged,orwornstrapsmustnotbeused.Tensionersandharnessclampsmustbecheckedfordamageandcorrosion.
2.4
2.5 LashingtheLoadLashingsandfasteningdevicesmustbeproperlytensionedatalltimesusingtherelevanttensioningdevice.Careshouldbetakennottoovertightenlashings.Neveruseanyleverstotightentensioningdevicesandonlyusedevicesspecifiedbythemanufacturersofthelashing.
.
Fig5
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Itisimportantthatthelashingswhichprovideforwardrestraintaresetasneartothehorizontalaspossibleandneveratananglemorethan60°.Thisisduetothefactthattheeffortrequiredtorestraintheloadincreasessharplyasthelashingsapproachtheverticalposition.(SeeFigure5,previouspage)
Thereshouldbeatleastonelashingevery1.5metrealongthelengthofthevehicle.Lashingsmustbeprotectedagainstabrasionbytheuseofcornerprotectorsorprotectivesleeves.
Itshouldbenotedthataloadpositionedtoonesideofthevehicleiflashingsareloopedoverwillrequirealongerrestraintthaniftheloadwasmountedcentrally.Thisresultsinalossoftensionifthereisanymovementoftheloadtowardsthecentreofthevehicle.(SeeFigure5,previouspage)
Ifitisnecessary,forwhateverreason,tocarryaloadoffcentreitisadvisabletoroutetherestraintslongitudinallyorifpossibletoattachthemtothesideofthecabin.
Sheetingtheload
Itisnotnormalpractice,otherthanforopenmodularframes,tosheetupacontainerorcabin.Howeverifthiswasthecasethenthepracticeofusinglashingswouldstillprevailandthesheetingsecuredontop.Careshouldbetakentoensurethatthesheetingisuniformoneachsideandthatreflectorslightsetc.havenotbeenobscuredandthatropeshavebeensecured (SeeFigs6&7below).
Aswithlashingcaremustbetakenwhenthrowingsheetsorropesoverthevehicleincaseotherpersons,unawareofyouractionsarehurtbyflyingropesorlashings.AtalltimesobservethehealthandsafetypracticeswhichshouldhavebeenidentifiedintheinitialRiskAssessment
TwistLocks
Somevehiclesarefittedwithtwistlocksdesignedspecificallyforthepurposeoftransportingcontainers.Theseshouldalsobeinspectedpriortouseandtoensurethatthelockingmechanismisstilloperationalandeffective.
2.7
Fig6 Fig7
2.6
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Aminimumof4twistlocksshouldbeusedforeachcontainercarried.(Seebelow)
ContainerswhicharecarriedusingaTwistlocksystemdonotnormallyrequireanyfurtherrestraints(Seefigs8&9).Howeversomecontainershavetwistlockcapabilitybutarecarriedonvehicleswhichdonot.Inthesecasestherestraintsystemsalreadycoveredapply (seeexampleatfig10,below)
Iffurtherrestrainingisrequiredthen,forexamplethetwistlockcornerscanbeusedasadditionalmeasurementbyusingchainsthroughtheholesandtensioningthechainusingachaintensioner (seefigs11,12&13below)
Ifusingthismethoditisrecommendedthatthereare3pointsofcontactontothevehicleandnotjusthookedontoananchorpoint.
Fig8 Fig9
Fig10
Fig11 Fig12 Fig13
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ROADSIDEINSPECTIONBYTHEDVSA
AninspectionbyaDVSAinspectorwillfollowguidelinesbasedonamatrixofquestionsandanswers.
Thingsalreadycoveredinvolvetheconditionofsecuringstraps,distancessecuredagainsttheheadboardvehicleroadworthinessetc.TheguidelinescontainedwithintheseregulationsalsoallowtheDVSAinspectortoaskquestionsfromamatrix(asfollows,3.1):
InspectionMatrixQuestions
Cantheloadslideortoppleforwardsorbackwards?Thisnotonlyincludesthecabinbutalsoanythingattachedorsecuredtoitsuchasstaircasesandrampsetc.
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3.1
Cantheloadslideortoppleofftheside?Theloadi.e.staircasesmayhavebeensecuredontothecabinusingtimehonouredpracticessuchasStrappingontoatimberbasetosaveslippingorchainstopreventmovement.Theviewfromroadsideinspectorsisthatnoneofthesepracticesarefoolproofandassuchthereisachancethatitwillslipandthereforeitwillbedeemedunsafe.
Istheloadunstable?IfitisstoredontopofacabintheDVSAwilllikelydeemthatisunstablenomatterhowwellyoubelieveitissecured.
Doesthevehiclepresentanimmediatelikelihoodofcausingdangerorinjuryduetoitsloadsecurityorstability?Duetoincidentsinvolvinginsecurecabinsorloadswhichhaveresultedininjuryordeaththeyaremorethanlikelytoanswerthisquestion;Yes,iftheloadcontainsanyelementofadditionalloadingsuchasstaircasesorisbadlyrestrained!
OncequestionshavebeenaskedbytheDVSAinspector;anyfailuretomeetrequiredcompliancethentheinspectorwillhavenochoicebuttotakethematterfurther.
Anotherthingtotakeintoconsiderationistheheightoftheloadinrelationtotheheightoftheheadboard.Whereavehicleisladenwithalargeindivisibleloadtheheadboardisdeemedtobepartofthesecuringsystemaslongastheloadcannottoppleovertheheadboard.
LoadingontopofthecabinbringsthisintoquestionandallowstheVOSAtostopandexaminetheload.
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PENALTIES
ThepoliceandtheDVSAhavethepowertoissuepenaltiesforinsecureloadoffences.Attimeofwritingafixedpenaltynoticeof£100willbeissuedtothedriverdeemedtobecarryinganinsecureloadwhichispayablebythedriverwithin28days.Inadditiontheremaybeendorsementsapplicabletotheirlicence.Inextremecasesthecourthasthepowertogivethedriveranunlimitedfine.
Eachcaseishandledonitsownmerits.Forinstanceanunsecuredmetalcabinonaflatbedwouldbedeemedmoredangerousthanafewbagsofclothingonacurtainsider.
AProhibitionNotice(PG9)noticemayalsobeissuedatthispointwhicheffectivelyimmobilisesthevehiclewithimmediateeffect.
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Iftheproblemcannotberectifiedwithin60minutes,typically,theDVSAImmobilisationPolicywouldcomeintoforce,causingfurtherdelaysandexpense.
Thisoffencealsohasadetrimentalaffectona company’soperator’slicence.Apartfromthefinespaid,penaltypointsissued,andlatedeliveryofthegoods,thedisruptionwilloftenbemorethantheoriginalcostofhiringanadditionalvehicleandsecuringtheloadcorrectly.
OTHERPOINTSTOCONSIDER
Puttingextraneousobjectsontheroofsofthecabins,continuouslyovertime,willcausedamagetotherooffabrice.g.resultinginroofleaks.
Compliancewiththisguidance,e.g.nevercarryingloadsontheroof,significantlyreducesthepotentialriskofthevehiclebeingover-height.
StrappingtheequipmentontotheroofwillinvolveanelementofworkingatheightwhichbringsitsownHealthandSafetyproblems
Unloadingitems,ontheroof,involvesrisk,e.g.whenthestrapsarereleasedandtheloadhasshiftedintransitmayresultinloadfallinguncontrollably.
Istheloaddefinedasawideload.Safeandsecureloadingalsorequireswidemarkerboards,suitableandsufficientlightingandextendablewingmirrorswhererequired.
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RISKASSESSMENT
“Asystematicprocessofevaluatingthepotentialriskthatmaybeinvolvedinaprojectedactivityorundertaking”
Whenconsideringriskassessingloadsecurityonanyroadvehicle,therearemanyvariablestoconsider.Weightofload,widthofload,lengthofload,capacityoflashingstrapsandchains,provisionoffrictionaids,numberofanchorpointsetc.
Considerationofthecontentofthisguidancedocumentinestablishingrobustcontrolsforsecuringanyloadwillsignificantlyaidourmemberswithcompliance.
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Questionsthatneedtobeasked:
HowamIloadingthisvehicle?• Istheforkliftcapableofsuchalift?
Istheloaditselfinherentlysafeevenbeforeloading?• Doesithaveextraattachmentsorlooseitemssuchasstaircases?
Ismyvehicleroadworthyandlegal?• Isitsuitabletocarrythisload?• Isthedriversufficientlytrained?
HowamIgoingtosecurethisload?• ArethesecuringprecautionsIamusingadequatefortheload?• Aremylashings/loadharness/anchorpointsfullyfunctionalandlegal?
HaveImadeprovisionforensuringpersonalsafety?• Whocouldbehurtiftherewasanaccident?• HowcanIpreventit?
Doesloadinginvolveworkingatheight?• DoIhaveproperharness/fallarrestors?
HaveIcheckedtheroute?• Arethereanylowbridgesorrestrictions?
Whilstitistruethataonefitsalltemplateisimpossible;includedisanExampleofaPossibleriskassessment,startingonpage14.ThisisonlyanexampleofonestyleofRiskassessmentandwouldhavetobetailoredtoyourparticularcircumstances.
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Equipmenttobeused
• Vehicleofadequatecapability• Lashingscompatiblewithvehicleanchor
points• Twistlockswherefitted• Ratedchainscompatiblewithvehicle
anchorpoints• SafetyHarness• Liftingplatform• Forklift
PersonsInvolved
• TransportManager• YardForeman/Supervisor• LorryLoaderOperator/Driver• ForkLiftTruckDriver
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Hazard Persons Affected Remedy Responsibility
FurtherAction
LoadSafetyIsloadstableenoughtobeloaded?
Operator,Driver Ensurestabilityofloadbeforeloadingontovehicle
YardForeman
Ensurefutureloadsareproperlystabilizedbeforeloading...
Isthevehiclesuitableforthisload?
Operator,Driver,Public
Usealternativevehicleifunsuitable YardForeman
Ensurefuturevehiclescomplywithprocedure
Staircasesandrampsneedtogowithload
Operator,Driver,Public
Organizealternativetransport TransportManager
Donotallowextraneouslooseequipmenttoaccompanyload
Anchoragepointsdonotcomplywithload
Operator,Driver,Public
Usealternativevehicle TransportManager
Arrangeforalternativeanchoragepointstobefitted
Can’tgetloadnearheadboardwithload
Operator,Driver,Public
Usedunnagee.g.palletstofillvoidandsecurethosetovehicle
YardOperator/Loader
Fallsfromheightwhilstsecuringload
Operator,Driver Harnessmustbewornandsecuredattop
Yardforeman
Ladderorstepsmustbesecuredattoporliftingplatformused
Throwingharnessstrapsoverloadmaycauseinjury
Operators,Visitors,Driver,Contractors
Ensureareaisclearedandallpersonsareawareofactivity
Yardforeman
Arrangeawarningsystem
Drivernotadequatelytrainedforthisload/journey
Driver,Public,OtherRoadUsers
Drivermustnotbeusedonthisrouteuntiltrained.useanotherdriver.
TransportManager
Ensurealldriversareadequatelytrained
Vehiclefittedwithtwistlocksbutcabinisnot
Operators,Driver,Public
Loadagainstheadboardanduseanchoragepointsandlashingsasprescribed
YardForeman
Checkfutureloadsforsameproblem
Cabinisheavyononeendandmayslipifhardbreaking
Operators,Visitors,Public,Contractors
Loadwithheaviestpartnearercentreofvehicleandlashaccordingly
YardOperator/Loader
Ensureloadisproperlysecuredusingprescribedmethods
Loadisoverhanging Public,Driver,OtherRoadUsers
Checkwithlocalauthorityontherouteandarrangeescortasrequired
TransportManager
Checkfutureroutesforsameproblem
Loadistoohighfortheroutei.e.bridgesandunderpasses
Public,Driver,OtherRoadUsers
Checkwithlocalauthorityontherouteandarrangeescortasrequired.Re-arrangeanewroute
TransportManager
Checkfutureroutesforsameproblem
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REGULATIONS
FurtherreadingonthissubjectanddocumentsusedinthepreparationofthisGuidance.
• TheHealth&SafetyatWorkEtc.Act1974• TheRoadTrafficAct1988• TheRoadVehicles(ConstructionandUse)Regulations1986• Immobilisationpolicy(www.gov.uk/Government/Publications/immobilisation-
of-a-vehicle)• DepartmentofTransportSafetyofloadsonvehicles• TheManagementofHealth&SafetyatWorkRegulations1999• TheProvision&UseofWorkEquipmentRegulations1998• TheLiftingOperations&LiftingEquipmentRegulations1998• TheWorkplace(Health,Safety&Welfare)Regulations1992• FTA-EnforcementofLoadSecurity(FreightTransportAssociationGuidance)• HealthandSafetyExecutiveGuidanceonRiskassessments
Theabovelistisnotexhaustiveandmembersmustensureotherregulatoryguidancerelevanttotheoperationscontainedwithinthiscodeofpracticeisfollowed,andmustreviewprocedurestoensureanynewActsorRegulationsarealsoconsidered.
TheMPBAwouldliketothankthefollowingmemberorganisationsfortheprovisionoftheHealth&SafetyandTransportProfessionalswhocontributedtotheproductionofthisdocument;
• AquaTec CoatingsLimited• AshteadPlantHireCompanylimited• DavidWatsonTransportLimited• ElliottGroupLimited• MobileMiniUKHoldingsLimited• Portakabin Limited• PremierModularLimited• Wernick GroupLimited
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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