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Motorola Confidential Proprietary
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Migration to Docsis 3.0Migration to Docsis 3.0
Michael GannonSenior Technical Architect
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Agenda
How should I plan for future Docsis bandwidth needs?
( or, “When is supply more important than demand “ )
Docsis 3.0, M-CMTS, I-CMTS , What really is important.
Lessons learnt from existing channel bonding solutions.
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Carrier Usage Transitions
125 Carriers per FN125
DOCSIS High Speed Data
MPEG VOD
IPTV VOD
SwitchedDigital
DigitalBroadcast
AnalogBroadcast
timeToday “EverythingOn Demand”
1
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
HPCB – A bandwidth model for all services• The average bandwidth requirements to be supplied
to a Fiber Node (FN) for any service can be planned as the product H*P*C*B of four factors:
H = Households per fiber nodeP = Penetration (subscribers per household)C = Concurrency Ratio (supplied concurrently active)B = Bandwidth (peak bits per second)
• HPCB applies to any service:– High Speed Data (HSD)– Voice over IP (VOIP)– Video On Demand (VOD) [MPEG or IPTV]– Switched Broadcast (SB) [MPEG or IPTV]
• HPCB’s add per High Speed Data (HSD) service tier• Concurrency C is the inverse of “overbooking”
– 1.0% C means 100-to-1 overbooking– Worldwide HSD C range: 0.75 to 2.0%; – US Average C: 1.0% (1000 4M subs per DS QAM)
• Concurrency is a economic decision to supply.– Wrong question: “What’s the demand for HSD?”
• It’s infinite– Right question: “What shall I economically supply?”
• Depends on competition: DSL and PON
H – Households Passed
P – Penetration ratio
C – Concurrency ratio
750 Households per Fiber Node
times 30% HSD = 225 HSD subs
= 2.25 concurrent HSD streams
B – Bandwidth
= 18.0 HSD Mbps/FN
times 1.0%
times 8 Mbps HSD tier
Typical 2006 HSD deployment: split one 40 Mbps DOCSIS QAM to two FNs
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Typical 2004 HSD+VOIP Deployment
Fiber Node 2
Fiber Node 3
Fiber Node 4
Fiber Node 12x8
CMTSLineCard
U1U0
U3U2
U5U4
U7U6
D1
D0df1
Fiber Node Average Supplied Capacity : 4.5 MbpsSingle Cable Modem Peak Throughput: 40 Mbps38.8 Mbps / 4.5 Mpbs = maximum 8.6 FN per DS = 1:8 splitting
D2.0 CM
2004 Example HSD per FN:H = 750 HH/FNP = 0.20C = 0.01 B = 3 MbpsHPCB = 750 * 0.2 * .01 * 3 = 4.5 Mbps avg per FN
Fiber Node 8
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Typical 2006 HSD+VOIP Deployment
Fiber Node 2
Fiber Node 3
Fiber Node 4
Fiber Node 12x8
CMTSLineCard
U1U0
U3U2
U5U4
U7U6
D1
D0df1
Fiber Node Average Supplied Capacity : 20 MbpsSingle Cable Modem Peak Throughput: 40 Mbps38.8 Mbps / 20 Mpbs = maximum 2 FN per DS = 1:2 splitting
PON Competition: 20 to 100 Mbps peak service. D3.0 Downstream Channel bonding is required for 100 Mbps service.
D2.0 CM
2006 Example HSD per FN:H = 750 HH/FNP = 0.30C = 0.01 B = 8 MbpsHPCB = 750 * 0.35 * .01 * 8 = 18.0 Mbps avg per FN
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
As Bandwidth (B) increases, supplied Concurrency (C) can decrease
Observed concurrency data points:
Dialup (56K): 10%
ATT Frame Relay(1.544 Mbps): 2%
Cable HSD (6 Mbps): 1%
Liberty (30 Mbps): .67%
Japan PON (100 Mbps): 0.25%
C
B
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
“Endgame” Thought ExperimentHSD endgame: 100 Mbps peak to all subs 0.25% concurrency
H = 750 P = 0.5 C = 0.0025 B = 100 Mbps
HPCB = 94 Mbps/FN or 2.5 DS QAM channels per FN
About 5X supplied HSD in 2006
How do I economically increase DOCSIS supplied bandwidth by 5X or more?
VOD Endgame:
“Everything On Demand” Network DVR; or “What I Want When I Want” (WIWWIW)
H = 750 P = 0.75 C = 0.50 (?) B = 10 Mbps (2 SDTV+1 HDTV) (?)
HPCB = 2800 Mbps/FN or 73 (US) DS QAM channels per FN
About 40X supplied VOD in 2006Today: 100% MPEG VOD; Future: ??% IPTV
How do I economically transition fromMPEG to IPTV VOD?
Key point: VOD bandwidth may be 30X the bandwidth of HSD
HSD
VOD
EuroDOCSIS VOD endgame 2800 Mbps requires 57 Euro channels
2.5 QAMs per FN 73 QAMs per FN
EuroDOCSIS HSD endgame 94 Mbps requires 2.0 Euro channels
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
CMTS DOCSIS 3.0 Feature Requirement
• MAC Layer– Downstream Channel Bonding – Upstream Channel Bonding
• Network Layer– IPv6 support– IP Multicast (IGMPv3, SSM, QoS)
• Security– Certificate Revocation Management– Runtime SW/config validation– Enhanced Traffic Encryption (AES)
– Certificate Convergence – Secure Provisioning
• Network Management– Diagnostic Log– Extension of Internet Protocol
Data Records (IPDR) usage– Capacity Management – Enhanced signal quality
monitoring• Commercial Services
– Layer 2 VPN’s– T1/E1 TDM Emulation
• Physical Layer– Switchable 5-85 MHz US Band– S-CDMA Active Code Selection
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
What is, and what isn’t, important about M-CMTS?
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
M-CMTS Goals• “Independent scalability of CMTS functions from DS
PHY”– Means: need to add DS channels without adding US
channels• “Lower the cost to deliver video over DOCSIS service to
be competitive with today’s MPEG VOD”– 2005 Incremental DOCSIS DS channel cost: $24K ASP for
2DS+8US CMTS blade = $12, 000 per DS channel– 2005 Incremental MPEG VOD channel cost: $12K for 24-
channel MPEG EQAM = $500 per DS channel• But with no rate limiting, scheduling, QOS, encryption, VOIP
compression, or RF switching
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
M-CMTS/ D3.0 Network Diagram
Regional Area
Network
CINGBE
Switch
MPEG VODServer
HFC
UpstreamEdge
DEPI EQAM
CMTS
DTI
MPEG EQAM
M-CMTS: Modular CMTSDTI: DOCSIS Timing InterfaceDEPI: Downstream External Phy I/FGBE: Gigabit EthernetEQAM: Edge QAMERMI: Edge Resource Mgr I/FDC: Downstream ChannelCIN: Converged Interconnect Network
CMTS Core
DRFI
Edge Resource Manager
ERMI
STB
3.0CMs
2.0CMs
DCs
NSI
DEPI
DEPI
T-MPT
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
What’s important and not for M-CMTS• What’s important is that the two M-CMTS goals be met:
- De-coupling downstream and upstream capacity; and
- Lowering the cost of downstream capacity.• What’s important is the adoption of the DEPI specification
by the EQAM industry.– Enables a transition to DOCSIS IPTV with DEPI EQAMs.
• What’s NOT important is the concept of separating the upstream PHY layer:– Separation into an “upstream shelf” and definition of an
“Upstream Edge Physical Interface” (UEPI)– Independent vendor implementations of “CMTS Core” and
“upstream shelf” MAC functions;
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
CMTS Migration
Traditional CMTS• Integrated CMTS
Modules with Fixed Downstream and Upstream channels
• Ex. 2 DS and 8 US Channels
• Features High Availability “Protected” Bandwidth
• Today’s CMTS
Integrated CMTS• Integrated CMTS Modules
with Decoupled Downstream and Upstream channels
• Ex. xx QAM DS Module• Features High Availability
“Protected” bandwidth
• 2007 Deployment
Modular CMTS• Modular CMTS Modules
with Decoupled Downstream and Upstream channels
• Ex. xx QAM DS Module• Features Superior
Scalability with “Unprotected” bandwidth
• 2007 Deployment
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Recommendations1. Economically introduce DOCSIS 3.0 bonding
– Start with 3 or 4 carriers, non-adjacent if possible.
– Split the carriers to multiple (4 or 8) fiber nodes
– Re-use coupled I-CMTS cards for bonding if possible
2. Economically increase average supplied DOCSIS capacity per FN• Start with decoupled “D-CMTS” if possible• Split DOCSIS QAMs to fewer fiber nodes
3. Integrate SDV+VOD and increase EQAM Capacity as content (and hence Concurrency) increase• Based on video features (e.g. CA)
4. Economically transition from MPEG to IPTV VOD• Use DEPI-standard EQAMs (with PSP
and DTI)• Support standardization of DIBA• Transition D-CMTS to M-CMTS above 4
to 8 DOCSIS QAMs (160->320 Mbps) per FN
SDV+VOD Carriers(EQAMs)
Decrease splitting Increase carriers (at 1:1)
DOCSIS“First Four Carriers”
1:16
…
1:4
…
1:2
FN 1
FN 2
FN 3
FN 4
FN 5
FN 6
FN 7
FN 8
FN 16
1:1
…
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Architecture Migration
CoupledC-CMTS
DecoupledD-CMTS or M-CMTS
DIBA
Average supplied bandwidth per Fiber Node
0.5 QAMs
1.0 QAMs
2.0 QAMs
8.0 QAMs
4.0 QAMs
2007 2008 2009
73 QAMs ?
20xx ?
20 Mbps
40 Mbps
80 Mbps
160 Mbps
320 Mbps
2800 Mbps
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Channel Bonding ChallengesReal World View
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
What Does it Take to Deploy DS Channel Bonding?
• Obvious – Channel Bonding CMTSs and CMs– Downstream Spectrum
• Less obvious– Upstream Spectrum– Subscribers’ Education – Subscribers’ Equipment
• Re-configuration – at least• Upgrade - possibility
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Lessons Learned • Performance expectations
– Raw throughput– UDP Performance– TCP/FTP Performance
• Supporting ‘Legacy’ CMs and ‘Channel Bonding’ CMs– Overlay Network or Combined Network– Balancing 100+ Mbps subscribers with “Normal”
subscribers– New sizing concepts are needed
• Concurrency Rate
– New tools are needed• How to handle voice
– Voice traffic goes as non-bonded• No “sequence number”
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Key Factors for FTP Performance
FTP Server
DOCSIS 3.0 or Pre-DOCSIS 3.0 Channel Bonding CMTS
DOCSIS 3.0 or Pre-DOCSIS 3.0 Channel Bonding CM
FTP Client
GigaEthernet
HFC
IP Network
Key Factors
1. Round Trip Time (RTT)
2. TCP Window Size
3. Speed of the Slowest Link
4. Performance of the Client’s PC
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
RTT and TCP Window Size
FTP Client
FTP Server
GigaEthernet
IP Network HFC
GigaEthernet
GigaEthernet
100 Mbps
Time
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Channel Bonding FTP
Max_FTP_Throughput =
(((‘TCP_window_size’ * 8) / ‘Link_Speed’) / RTT) * ‘Link_Speed’
Or just
((‘TCP_window_size’ * 8) / RTT)
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Default Window Size
Operating SystemStandard RWIN Value (TCP
Receive Window Size) in Bytes
Windows 95/98/98SE/NT 8K
Windows ME/2000/XP 16K
Windows XP SP2 64K
Windows Server 2003 64K
Macintosh OS X 32K
Linux Redhat 9 32K
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
FTP Throughput
0
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
70,000,000
80,000,000
90,000,000
100,000,000
RTT - sec
Bits
/sec
16,384
32,768
65,536
131,072
262,144
FTP Throughput Vs. Round Trip Time (RTT)
< 6 msec < 22 msec
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Subscriber’s PC Configuration:1. Increase the TCP window size ( >= 262,144)
a) Information and tools available off the WEBi. Do a search for “TCP Tuning” on
a. Get about 1,200,000 hits b) TCPOptimizer.exe
2. Settings -> Control Panel -> System Properties -> Advanceda) Performance Setting
i. Visual Effects ==> “Adjust for Best Performance”ii. Virtual memory ==> “4096 MBytes”iii. Processor scheduling ==> “Background Services”
3. Enabling “Select ACK” can improve throughput performance with the presence of packet lost.
4. Increase the client PC (and server if possible) performancea) Processor speedb) RAM sizec) Disk speedd) BUS speed
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Summary
Plan your future bandwidth requirements Consider how to economically transition to Docsis 3.0
What can you do today at least cost
Consider what services & bandwidths you will offerHow do you educate your subscribers ?
Motorola Proprietary Confidential
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2005
Voice & Data Solutions
Thank You
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