moscow, russion federation, 12-15 september 2005 icao eur seminar on runway safety and ats safety...
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Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Anthony van der VeldtAssistant Director
Safety, Operations & Infrastructure Europe
Airline & Pilot proceduresRecommendations for Aircraft Operators On the Prevention of Runway Incursions
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Airline’s Flight Safety Department
Mission Secure, promote and improve the safety of Flight
Operations Increase safety awareness through dissemination
of knowledge from incident reports and flight data analysis
Identify and manage risks in order to proactively reduce accidents and incidents
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Airline’s Flight Safety Department
Goals Continuous improvement through Quality
Assurance programmes including internal evaluation of flight operations
Implement Quality control initiatives to monitor compliance with existing standards
External Assessment of safety and quality through the IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA)
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
4
Definition of Incidents Any occurrence other than an accident associated with the operation
of an aircraft, that affects or could affect the safety of operations, such as, Air traffic incidents (between a/c – loss of separation) Technical incidents, (a/c system failures) Ground incidents (a/c not moving – engines out) Operational incidents (collision or risk of collision with any vehicle, terrain or
obstacle
An Air Safety Report must be filed to report all events, which affected or could have affected the safety of the flight
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Responsibilities Flight Safety Department
Flight Safety Programme – Analysis of incident and flight data to identify hazards and areas of non-compliance
Risk Management Programme – Assessment of severity and likelihood of identifiable hazards
Accident Prevention Programme – To ensure implementation of corrective action needed to prevent risks to operational safety
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Airline Reporting Culture
Generally good Aircraft condition monitoring system (ACMS)
There maybe some write-fatigue influenceson subjects, e.g. No smoke policy
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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European Action Plan
The European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions and awareness raising program is running for two years
The Action Plan calls for full compliance with 6 Recommendations for Aircraft Operators
A survey amongst our member airlines revealed that on average 80 % of those 6 Recommendations have been fulfilled
Members are being updated by regular Runway Safety Progress Reports
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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European Action Plan Aircraft Operators 6 - Recommendations
Recommendation 4.4.1
Provide training and assessment for Pilots regarding Aerodrome signage, marking and lighting (88 %)
Recommendation 4.4.2
Pilots shall not cross red stop bars when lining up or crossing a runway, unless contingency procedures are in force, for example to cover cases where the stop bars or controls are unserviceable (88 %)
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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European Action Plan Aircraft Operators 6 - Recommendations
Recommendation 4.4.3
Ensure that flight deck procedures contain a requirement for explicit clearances to cross any runway. Includes non-active runways (91 %)
Recommendation 4.4.4
When in receipt of line-up clearance, Flight crew must advise ATC if they will need to hold on the runway for more than 90 seconds beyond the time it would normally be expected to depart (67 %)
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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European Action Plan Aircraft Operators 6 - Recommendations
Recommendation 4.4.5
Promote best practices on flight deck procedures while taxiing - to include the “Sterile flight deck” concept (74 %)
Recommendation 4.4.6
Promote best practices for pilots planning of ground operations (72 %)
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Awareness Raising Visits
In 2004, 9 runway safety awareness raising visits to airports were paid (reports on available request)
In 2005, to date 9 airports have been visited with 6 more planned
Positive feedback was received from numerous airports in the European Region that have established Local Runway Safety Teams (LRST)
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Pilot Survey Results Contributing Cause of experienced Runway Incursions
RT phraseology
ATC proce
dures
Aerodrome signs
Language proficiency
Pavement m
arkings
Pilot p
rocedures
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Markings
Pop quiz?
The three most important
things about painted
markings are?
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Markings
Contrast
Contrast
Contrast
Contrast
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Lets take a look at a couple of examples why contrast is so important
Markings
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Uncontrasted Hold Bar Look Hard it’s Here!
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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This is much better!
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
18Contrast works
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Now this looks good!
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Anyone see the Island?
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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No problem here!
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Contrast would sure help here...Remember, drivers need guidance as well
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Paint is worn… but, still...?
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Contrast helps wet pavement too
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Low Visibility OperationsJust under 1200’/400m RVR
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Before impact events
At that position were painted two markings, R5 and R6
The size and shape of the two markings did not conform with ICAO standards, and were only partially visible
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Guidance Material Flight Crew Best PracticesAirport familiarisation (1)
Prepare the necessary charts for taxi and have them available for use during taxi
Take some time to study the airport layout. Very often some systematic can be found in the naming of taxiways
Use the ATIS information and your previous experience to determine the possible taxi routes
Remember to review the latest NOTAM for both the Departure and Arrival airport for information concerning construction or taxiway/runway closures. Visualise this information on the charts
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
28
Guidance Material Flight Crew Best PracticesAirport familiarisation (2)
Standard taxi routes are used more often at busy airports. Review the routes you can expect
Pay special attention to the location of HOT SPOTS. These are unique or complex intersections and runway crossings. Know what runways you will encounter between where you are and where you are going
Plan timing and execution of check lists, so that no distractions occur when approaching and/or crossing runways; i.e. all eyes outside during this phase
Conduct detailed briefing for all flight crew members, especially during night and low visibility operations i.e. include “extra eyes” where available
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Guidance Material Flight Crew Best PracticesTaxi checklist (1)
Write down taxi route Assign crew member to progressively follow aircraft position on chart Follow company SOP’s in regard to exterior lighting when taxiing and
cleared for take-off – where possible, maximum illumination Sterile flight Deck during taxi Be alert for Mandatory Signs / Markings / Stop bars and Runway guard
lights Look for visual aids (Taxiway location information and destination signs)
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Guidance Material Flight Crew Best PracticesTaxi checklist (2)
Designate a crew member to look for and report signs / markings and keep track of location against the aerodrome chart
Conduct pre-departure checklists when the aircraft is stationary Use STANDARD radio phraseology Demand explicit clearance before crossing any runway READBACK all runway crossing or hold short clearances using correct
phraseology
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Guidance Material Flight Crew Best PracticesTaxi checklist (3)
DO NOT ALLOW flight crew to be rushed by any party (ATC or Company)
LISTEN to clearances issued to other aircraft Before entering or crossing any runway CHECK FOR TRAFFIC!! No checklist activity crossing any runway Ensure correct understanding of the ICAO phraseology a “Taxi to
holding position ”
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Guidance Material Flight Crew Best PracticesCommunications: clearances
The most common phraseology problem for non European based flight crew, is the fundamental difference between the North American phraseology “taxi into position and hold” (which has the same meaning as the ICAO standard phrase “line up [and wait]”) and
The standard ICAO phraseology “taxi to holding position” (which means taxi to, and hold at, a point clear of the runway – ILS Cat 1, 2/3 etc)
Listen carefully to the instruction. If unsure – ASK
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Guidance Material Flight Crew Best PracticesCommunications: Phraseology and Language Proficiency
Respect RT phraseology
Proscribe the use of local languages at internationalairports
Use a common aeronautical language and
Improve the aviation language proficiency (English)
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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RECURRENT TRAINING BRIEFING
RUNWAY INCURSION
JFK 22R
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Runway 22R Incursion at JFK
6498 - CDG/JFK Landing at night 22L 600 m Visibility After landing, 6498 cross rwy22R in front of a B757 taking off
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Runway in use at JFK
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Runways and Taxiways involved
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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B757
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Runway 22R Incursion at JFK
6498 receives a first taxi clearance via Zoulou Three seconds later, 6498 receives an amended clearance through
Juliet “Straight ahead on Juliet …” 6498 taxi on Juliet and cross rwy 22R Crew understood “no hold short 22R” from ATC instead of “and hold
short” pronounced “n’hold short”
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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To cross an active runway the word « CROSS » should have been pronounced by ATC and acknowledge by the crew
« CROSS » was never pronounced
Lesson
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Runway Incursion at CDG (1)
Flight xx123 Bologna, Italy - Paris, France
MD 82
A/C landed on RWY 26L and crossed RWY 26R without ATC clearance
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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Weather conditions:Visibility 10 kmNight TimeWet RunwayVisibility 7 kmBroken Clouds at 500 FT
Runway Incursion at CDG (2)
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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A/C
Air france
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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After clearing RWY 26L, a/c was instructed to taxi via S3 and instructed to hold before crossing RWY 26R
Capt. did not succeeded in stopping the a/c at the stop bar (poor braking action conditions); a/c entered in RWY 26R by approx 1 m
Pilot of a/c decided that it was safer to continue crossing RWY
26R as fast as possible
At the same time an A320 was cleared for take-off from RWY 26R, but in the French language
Runway Incursion at CDG (3)
Moscow, Russion Federation,12-15 September 2005
ICAO EUR Seminar on Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management
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1. Poor braking action
2. Poor horizontal airport signals
3. Stop-bars not adequately high lighted in the airport chart used by the pilot
4. Inadequate use of ground/aircraft COM in French language
Runway Incursion at CDG (4)Probable direct and indirect causes
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