monocots ii sedges have edges rushes are round grasses have nodes from the top to the ground

Monocots II

Sedges have edgesRushes are round

Grasses have nodes from the top to the ground

General flowers

Juncaceae - Rush family

• Perennial herbs

• Spiral, sheathing leaves

• Trimerous flowers

• Actinomorphic flowers

• Loculicidal capsule

• 7 genera / 430 species

P 3+3 [2+2 or 3] A 3+3 [3+0 or 2] G (3), superior, hypanthium absent

Juncus acutus

Juncus bufonius

Juncus dubius

Juncus dubius

Juncus phaeocephalus

Cyperaceae – Sedge Family

• Sedges have edges• BUT, Scripus (Bulrush) has very

round stems• Bristles or hairs in place of sepals

and petals• Fruit is an achene or a nutlet and

lens-shaped or triangular• 90 genera and 4000 species

Cyperaceae

Cyperaceae

Cyperus papyrus - papyrus

Eleocharis dulcis – water chestnut

Poaceae - Grass family

• Hollow-pithed stems

• Open-sheathed, distichous leaves

• Ligule may be present at inner junction with blade

• Grass spikelet

• = axis + two basal glumes + 1-∞ florets

• Floret = short lateral axis + lemma + palea + flower

• Fruit is a caryopsis (grain).

• 668 genera / 9,500 species

P 2-3 lodicules A 2-3 (pendulous) G (2-3)

1) Agricultural grains (most important food in world):

barley (Hordeum)

corn (Zea)

oats (Avena)

rice (Oryza)

rye (Secale)

wheat (Triticum);

2) forage and grazing plants;

3) important components of many ecosystems, such as grasslands and savannahs.

Economic Importance

distichousleaf

arrangement

open sheath

ligule

Bambusa spp. - Bamboo

Fruit is a caryopsis

Achnatherum coronatum

Agrostis pallens

Arundo donax Invasive

Avena barbata

Avena fatua – Wild Oats

Bromus tectorum – Cheatgrass Invasive

Cortaderia selloana – Pampas Grass

Cynodon dactylonBermuda Grass