monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies are

monospecific , made by

Identical immune cells that are

all clones of unique parent cell.

Have monovalent affinity,

They bind to same epitope.

Immunization of mouse

Fusion of myeloma cells and immune spleen cells

Culturing in HAT media

Separation of hybridoma cells

Cloning of hybridoma cells

Cell ,cell debris ,lipids,

clotted materials are first

removed by

Charged impurities such

nucleic acids and endotoxins

seperated by

Quick or single step method is is problematic for

antibodies which can easily damaged.

Whole antibody is of murine origin.

Murine variable region fused onto human C region.

By grafting murine hyper variable amino acid domains into human antibody.

Biosensors & Microarrays

Cancer , Transplant rejection, Infectious diseases

Purification of drugs , Imaging the target

Fight against Bioterrorism

NAME TYPE TARGET APPLICATION

OKT3 Murine CD3 molecules Acute rejection of organ

INFLIXIMAB Chimeric Inhibits TNF-a Rheumatoidarthritis

OMALIZUMAB Humanized IgE Moderate to serve allergic asthma

PALIVIZUMAB Humanized Inhibits an RSV fusion protein

RSV infection in children

When monoclonal antibody attaches to cancer cell :

Rituximab drug attaches to specific

protein CD20 found on B cells makes

cell more visible to immune system

Cetuximab attaches to growth factor

receptors , blocking its signal and

suppress cancer growth

Bevacizumab blocks growth signal

which attract blood vessels then tumor

shrinks.

By combining radioactive particle with

monoclonal antibodies, radiation are

deliver to cancer cells only , cancer cell

dies.