mollusk review. name one of the three classes of mollusks you learned about. gastropods,...

MOLLUSK Review

Name one of the three classes of mollusks you learned about.

Gastropods, cephalopods, Bivalves

The free swimming ciliated larva found in most aquatic mollusks is called a _________________Trochophore

The space around the heart is called the _____________ space (cavity).pericardial

In mollusks the heart and organs for digestion, excretion, and reproduction are found in this body region.

Visceral mass

The octopus, squid, and chambered nautilus belong to this group ofMollusks.

cephalopods

This bump on the dorsal surface of a clam near the hinge is the _______

umbo

Pigment cells in the outer mantlelayer in cephalopods that can changecolor for camouflage.

chromatophores

Identify the colored structures.

Anterior & posterioradductor muscles

The nervous system in a clam consistsof _____________________________3 pairs of ganglia

connected by 2 pairs of nerve cords

Type of body cavity found inmollusks.

No coelom pseudocoelom eucoelom

eucoelom

The powerful muscles that open andclose a clam shell are the ___________

Adductor muscles (posterior and anterior)

Identify the body system each organ belongs to:

Kidney __________________

Testes/ovary ____________________

Gills ___________________

Digestive gland ___________________

Ganglia ____________________

Heart ____________________

Excretory

Reproductive

Respiratory

Digestive

Nervous

Circulatory

What keeps water moving over the gills in a clam?

Cilia on gills move water

A flexible tongue-like strip of tissuecovered with tough, abrasive teeth that point backwards found in some mollusks.

radula

Compare Digestive and Nitrogen waste

DIGESTIVE WASTE

NITROGEN WASTE

Made where?

Comes from?

Removed by what body system?

Leaves body as?

In digestive tract By body cells

Digestive Excretory

Feces ammonia, urea, OR uric acid

Left over from breakdown of proteinsundigested food during metabolism

This structure is the _____________intestine

Only cephalopod with a shell

Chambered nautilus

Name the group of mollusks that does NOT have a radula.

bivalves

Layer of epidermis lining theshell of a clam

mantle

#2 = ________________________Anterior adductor muscle

#3 = _______________________gills

#1

#2

#3

The process during larval development in which the visceral mass in gastropods twists around 180º bringing the mantle cavity, gills, and anus to the front of the animal.

torsion

Clams have a(n)__________ circulatory system.

Open Closed

open

This part of the clam secretes the shell.

mantle

Mollusks have _________ symmetry. None radial bilateral

bilateral

Fertilization in clams is __________

internal external both

both

Depends on species- in freshwater clams its usually internalin marine (ocean) clams its external

Identify this structure

heart

The circulatory fluid (blood) in a mollusk is called _______________

hemolymph

Respiratory organ in clams.

gills

The flaps that wave to move food up toward the mouth are called

___________________palps

The organ that passes through the pericardial cavity and lies under the heart is the __________________intestine

The space between the mantle and the visceral mass.

Mantle cavity

Which group of mollusks does NOT have a shell? Bivalves cephalopods gastropods

cephalopods

Organisms that stay in one place and don’t move around are called ___________________Sessile

Tell an advantage of having a coelom compared to a pseudocoelom.1. Muscles of body wall are separate from those of gut. (Can move and digest at same time)

2. Coelom provides space for circulatory system to transport blood3. Provides a space for organs

Mollusks are _______________ vertebrates invertebrates

invertebrates

mantle

This blue structure secretes the shell.

Which group of mollusks is mainly sessile?Bivalves gastropods cephalopods

bivalves

T or F Most clams are hermaphrodites like earthworms.

False; most clams have separate sexes

________________ in a mollusk’s shell makes it hard.Calcium carbonate

An organism with a true coelom is called a ______________.eucoelomate

Identify this structure.

foot

Clams and oysters belong to this group of mollusks.Bivalves gastropods cephalopods

Bivalves

This structure

starts digestion and grinds food.

stomach

Cephalopods are the only molluskswith a ___________ circulatory system. open closed

closed

Fertilization in cephalopods isinternal external

Internal; Males use a specialized tentacle to transfer packets of sperm to the mantle cavity of the female

Only mollusk group that develops fromegg to juvenile without becoming atrochophore larva.

cephalopods

Snails and slugs belong to this group of mollusks.bivalves cephalopods gastropods

gastropods

Name one of the functions of the gills in a clam.

1. Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

2. Trap food particles

This opening is the _________.Anus

Name part that belongs to each body system:

Excretory __________________

Digestive ____________________

Muscular ___________________

Nervous ___________________

Circulatory ____________________

kidney

Palps, Esophagus, stomach, digestive gland, intestine, anus

Adductors, foot

Ganglia, nerve cords

Heart, hemolymph, hemocoel

This is the ________________________.Digestive gland

Another word that means shell is___________ .valve

Type of circulatory system in whichblood is NOT enclosed in vessels

open

Tell one body part you might look for if you wanted to tell direction in a clam.UMBO- it’s on the dorsal sideFOOT- triangle points to the anterior endPALPS- at anterior endSIPHONS- at posterior end

Which group of mollusks haschromatophores that can change color to blend in with the surroundings?

cephalopods

Why does the surface of the gills have ridges?

Increases surface area to absorb more oxygen & catch more food

The excretory organ in a clam is the nephridia kidney flame cells

kidney

This is the____________________

Incurrentsiphon

This organ surrounds the stomachand makes digestive enzymes.

Digestive gland

How does a trochophore larva swim?

Ring of cilia around middle help it move

Body system that removes nitrogen waste from the body cells

digestive nervous excretory respiratoryexcretory

#1 = ________________________foot

#2 = _______________________mantle

#1

#2

In a clam the coelom mainly surrounds the heart and is called the______________ cavity.pericardial

Organisms that strain food from the water like clams are called _________.

predators filter feeders scavengers autotrophs

Filter feeders

These are located

on the surface of the clam’s shell and can help tell it’s age. Growth rings

This part of the clamis the ____________foot

Name a part of the nervous system in a clam

Ganglia OR nerve cord

This opening is located near theexcurrent siphon so waste is washedaway

anus

#1 = ________________________Posterior adductor muscle

#3 = _______________________mantle

#1

#2

#3

This is the ____________

____________

Excurrentsiphon

Organ in a clam is where nutrients are absorbed.

Digestive gland

Most organisms in this class of mollusks have 1 shell (or none)

gastropods

PHYLUM that clams, octopus, slugs, and snails belong to

MOLLUSCA OR Mollusk

Tell one way the nervous system in a clam is like that of an earthworm

Both have gangliaBoth have a nerve cord (clam has 2 pairs)

Tell one way the reproductive systemin a clam is different from an earthworm

Earthworms Clams hermaphrodites have 2 sexes (male & female) direct development indirect development (larva) external fertilization internal/external fertilization

The 3 functions of the digestive gland are to __________________

Make digestive enzymes (bile)Finish digestionAbsorb nutrients

The excretory organ in a clam is the______________kidney

This space you see when you opened your clam is called the ________________

Coelom pericardial space mantle cavity

mantle cavity

The intestine runs through the space shown and is covered by the _________

HEARTHEART

The function of the palps is to __________________Move food to the mouth

The ____________ end of the clam is closest to the umbo.

Anterior Posterior

anterior

Identify the body part by its description:bump on dorsal side of shell______________

Edge of shell shortest distance from umbo______________________

Tissue that lies on top of tuberunning through pericardial space ___________________

Lines on clam shell ___________________

Layer lining shell ____________________

umbo

anterior

heart

Growth rings

Mantle

The function of the gills is to __________________A. remove oxygen from water

B. filter food particlesC. make digestive enzymes

D. excrete nitrogen waste

Both A & B are correct

Clams belong in the______________ Kingdom______________ Phylum______________ Class

Animalia

Mollusca (mollusks)Bivalvia (bivalves)

Identify the function of each body part:Adductor muscles__________________

intestine ____________________

Gills ___________________

Digestive gland ___________________

Palps ____________________

Heart ____________________

Mantle ________________________

Open and close shell

Collect and remove digestive waste

Exchange gases & trap food

Make digestive enzymes to break down food; finish digestion; absorb nutrients

Move food up from gills to mouth

Pump hemolymph (blood)

Makes shell

True OR False

Clams show cephalization.FALSE No true head area- Ganglia/sense organs are spread out throughout body not concentrated in head

Tube that connects the mouth and the stomach in a clam

esophagus

The excretory organ in clams is the __________________kidney

In Latin the name Mollusca means________________.

soft two filter little body shells feeder rings

“soft body”

Identify the body part by its description:looks like a piece spaghetti inside visceral mass __________________

Greenish brown area in anterior end ____________________

White fans in front of gills ___________________

Long flat structure with ridges (stripes) thatruns along side of clam ___________________

intestine

Digestive gland

palps

gills

Type of symmetry seen in clams

bilateral

Clams, oysters, octopus, snails, and squid belong to the PHYLUM _______________Mollusca

Kind of circulatory system seen in an octopus:

open closed

Mollusks are _______________

invertebrates vertebrates

Closed

All other mollusks have an open system

Invertebrates (no backbone)

Clams show __________ development

direct indirect

indirect They hatch as trochophore larvae and change into their adult form

In Latin the name Bivalvia means________________.

soft two filter little body shells feeder rings

“2 shells”

What causes oxygen and carbon dioxide to move into and out of a clam?

Diffusion moves molecules from wherethere is a HIGH concentration to where there is a LOW concentration

Why do gills have ridges?

Increases surface area

What is the disadvantage of an

OPEN circulatory system?

Less efficient way to transport nutrients and oxygen

High and low oxygen blood mixWhy is it a good plan for a clam to haveits anus near the excurrent siphon?

Washes away digestive waste

TELL WHICH BODY SYSTEM EACH PART BELONGS TO

gills __________________________

Ganglia _________________

heart___________________

kidney _________________

adductors ____________________

intestine ____________________

respiratory

nervous

circulatory

excretory

musculardigestive

MOLLUSKS are _____________

protostomes deuterostomes

protostomes

Give an example of a mollusk thatis a bivalve

Clams, oysters, scallops

Match the Mollusk with its CLASS

Clams, oysters, scallops ___________

Squid, octopus, chambered nautilus ______________

Snails, slugs, conchs,Nudibranchs ______________

BIVALVIA

CEPHALOPODA

GASTROPODA

With a few exceptions:

Bivalves have _____ shell(s)

Gastropods have _____ shell(s)

Cephalopods have ____ shell(s)

2

Most 1 few 0

0(Except nautilus)

Name 3 body systems that use the mantle cavity as an exit

Digestive-anus releases feces hereExcretory- Kidney releases urea hereReproductive- sperm and eggs are released here (external)Or sperm and eggs join here and larva exits (internal)

Respiratory also uses this space- gills are located here

COMPARE:

Earthworms Clams

RESPIRATORY

CIRCULATORY

NERVOUS

gills

Aortic archesclosed

Breathe through skin

heartopen

1 pr cerebral ganglia 1 ventral nerve cord

3 pr ganglia 2 pr nerve cords

COMPARE:

Earthworms Clams

COELOM ?

Absorbs nutrients?

EXCRETORY

True; pericardial cavity

intestine

true

Digestivegland

nephridia kidney

TELL 3 characteristics of ALL Mollusks

invertebrates

protostomes

Soft bodies

Bilateral symmetry

trochophore larvae (if indirect)

eucoelomates

Name the colored structure:

palps

Give its function:

Move food trapped on gills up to mouth

Name the colored structure:

mantle

Give its function:

Secrete shell

Name the colored structure:

foot

Give its function:

locomotion

Name the colored structure:

Visceralmass

Give its function:

Contains body organs

Name the colored structure:

heart

Give its function:

Pump hemolymph (blood)

Name the colored structure:

Pericardial cavity(space)

This could also be called the _____________coelom

Name the colored structure:

Digestivegland

Give its functions:

Make bile, finish digestion, absorb nutrients

Name the colored structure:

anus

It is the exit opening for whichBody system?

digestive