mohd. yamani idris/ noorzaily mohamed noor 1 sequential circuit: register introduction n-bit...
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MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Introduction N-bit register contains n flip-flop and several
logic gates and able to store n-bit information Flip-flop stores information and logic gates
control when and how new information transferred into register
Several register functionality Fetch data from register Store/load new data into register (serial or parallel) Shift data into register (right or left)
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Simple register No external gate Example: 4-bit data. 4-bit new data is loaded
each clock cycle
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Register with parallel load Other than load register at each clock cycle, we
also need to control when it will be loaded Loading register: load new information into
register. Needed control input “load” Parallel loading: all bit is loaded simultaneously
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Shift Register Other function of register, other than storage is
data movement Each flip-flop in shift register represent one bit
storage and data shift ability provide data movement space from one level to another level in register or into or out the register based on clock pulse
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Shift Register Basic movement in shift register (this diagram is
for 4-bit shift register)
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Serial In/Serial Out Shift Register Received data serially – one bit at a time and
produce serial output
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Serial In/Serial Out Shift Register Usage: transfer data serially from register to
register
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Serial In / Serial Out Shift Register Example: transfer data serially
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Serial In / Serial Out Shift Register Received data serially Output simultaneously
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Parallel In / Serial Out Shift Register Received parallel data (bit enter simultaneously) Serial Output (one by one)
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Parallel In / Serial Out Shift Register Received parallel data (bit enter simultaneously) Serial Output (one by one)
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Parallel In / Parallel Out Shift Register Received data simultaneously and exit
simultaneously
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Bidirectional Shift Register Data can be shifted either left or right using
RIGHT/LEFT control gate to determine direction
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Bidirectional Shift Register 4-bit Bidirectional Shift Register with parallel load
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Bidirectional Shift Register 4-bit Bidirectional Shift Register with parallel load
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: Register
Bidirectional Shift Register Usage
Serial Addition Shift Register Counter Ring Counter Johnson Counter
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: RAM
Introduction to Random Access Memory - RAM Memory unit which store binary information in group of bit
called “word” Data consist of n line (for n-bit word). Data input line
prepare information to be stored (write) into memory yet output data line brings information out (read) of memory
Address consist of k-line which determine which word (between 2k word) for read or write.
Read/Write control line determine data transition direction either for read or write.
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) Memory unit block diagram
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) Contains 1024x16bit memory
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) Write Operation
Send address for related “word” to address line Send data bit (word) which will be stored into memory
to input data line Activate write control line (set Read/Write to 0)
Read Operation Send address for related “word” to address line Activate read control line (set Read/Write to 1)
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) Write Operation
Send address for related “word” to address line Send data bit (word) which will be stored into memory
to input data line Activate write control line (set Read/Write to 0)
Read Operation Send address for related “word” to address line Activate read control line (set Read/Write to 1)
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) Read/Write Operation
Two types of RAM: Static and Dynamic Static RAM use flip-flop as memory cell Dynamic RRAM use capacitor charge to represent data.
Simple circuit and always need to be charge again
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) Read/Write Operation
Two types of RAM: Static and Dynamic Static RAM use flip-flop as memory cell Dynamic RRAM use capacitor charge to represent data.
Simple circuit and always need to be charge again
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) The following logic and block diagram shows
one memory cell for static RAM
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) Logical built for 4x4 RAM (with decoder and OR
gate)
MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
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Sequential Circuit: RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) Array for RAM chips: memory chip is combined
to form larger size memory 1K x 8-bit RAM chip
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