modification in gasoline engines for use of ethanol

MODIFICATION IN GASOLINEENGINES FOR USE OF

ETHANOL

BVC ENGINEERING COLLEGEODALAREVU

P ABHISHIKTH D.M.V.CH.SRINIVAS13221A03F1 13221A0342

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS ETHANOL WHY ETHANOL PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHANOL MODIFICATIONS OF GASOLINE ENGINES BENEFITS OF USING OF ETHANOL CONCLUSION

WHAT IS ETHANOL

Ethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation, mostlyFrom carbohydrates produced in sugar or starch crops such as corn or sugarcane. Cellulose biomass derived from non –food sources such as trees and grasses, is also being developed as feedstock for ethanol production

WHY ETHANOL ?

Currently india is the 3rd largest country to import a crude oil from other countries

According to latest survey of 2015-2016 india imported a crude oil of 189.43 million tonnes

Which means nearly 720.347 crores of money is spending towards crude oil

In order to reduce this, we need to increase enthanol blending in petrol

PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL

Molecular formula C2H6O

Appearance Colourless liquid

Density 0.785 g/cm3

Melting point -114 °C ,159K, -173°F

Boiling point 78.37 °C ,352 K , 173 ° F

Viscosity 0.0012 Pa s at( at 20° C )

ENERGY CONTENT OF SOME FUELS

FUEL MJ/L RESEARCH OCTANE NUMBER

Methanol 17.9 108.7

Ethanol 21.2 108.6

E85 (85%ethanol +15% gasoline

25.2 105

Gasohol (90% gasoline+10%ethanol)

33.7 93

Regular gasoline/petrol

34.8 91

Diesel 38.6 25

CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHANOL

High auto ignition temp :326 °C ( petrol 240-280°c, Diesel 210°C)

Corrosive in nature

High octane rating

Lesser energy content than gasoline /diesel

Contains more oxy gen

MODIFICATIONS IN GASOLINE ENGINES MAIN JET CHANGES POWER VALVE CHANGES COMPRESSION RATIO CHANGES FUEL PRE HEATING AIR PREHEATING THERMOSTAT CHANGES

MAINJET CHANGES

Greater octane number than petrol

Requires greater compression ratio

Increase in orifice diameter of the main jet (Needs increase of 20 to 40%)

POWER VALVE CHANGES

Vaccum-controlled valve,spring loaded,shut off,to conserve fuel

It allows extra fuel to blend with air fuel mixture when accelerator is depressed

Valve with approx . 25% greater flow capacity is sufficent for increased power

A SMALL GIST More compression is needed in the cylinder

during stroke , to utilize the full potential of fuel

Hence , the inlet diameters of the orfice s which let the fuel in are to be increase

COMPRESSION RATIO CHANGES Ethanol has a good

octane rating Compression ratios

upto 15:1 may be suitable

Use of high compression pistons

Installing a turbocharger

COLD WEATHER STARTING

BACKDROPS

Alcohol doesn’t vaporise as easily as gasoline

Therefore , starting the engine in cold conditions is a problem

REMEDIES

Use of extra fuel tank for petrol

Use of fuel preheater

Use of air preheater

FUEL PREHEATING

Necessary to pre heat fuel in cold climates

Can be done by making the fuel flow over the hot engine parts through tubes

AIR PREHEATING

Air from around the exhaust manifold is let in the air fuel mix through ducts

A flap within the air cleaner “ snorkel “ shuts off this supply when engine warms up and allows ambient air enter

This flap is usually either thermostatically or vaccum controlled

External type resistance air heater may also be used

THERMOSTAT CHANGE

Used to hold the coolant in the cylinder head until it reaches a certain temperature

Thermostat decides the temperature at which the coolant will enter the cylinder

Ethanol engine works at less temperature than petrol engine of same horse power

INTITIAL USE OF ALCOHOL FUEL

Alcohol will acts as a cleaning agent and will clean out fuel tank, fuel line and filters , remove engine internal parts of built-up carbon, gum, and varnish deposits

BENEFITS OF USING ETHANOL FUEL

Has complete combustion

Little co2 formed

Does not contain sulphur

Emissions and pollution is reduced

Cheaper than gasoline and diesel

Keeps engine clean

Can be produced from grains and sugarcane

DISADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL FUEL

Has low energy content

More fuel needed to obtain same energy as obtained by petrol

Has poor ignition characteristics

Has almost invisible flames

Odour is very offensive

COMMON ETHANOL FUEL MIXTURES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

ANY QUERIES