modern terrorism

ModernTerrorism

Liberation Tigers, Sri Lanka

IRA on patrol

“The unlawful use of, or threatened use of violence to

inculcate fear, intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies as to the pursuit of

goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.”

DOD

“a political rather than a military victory”

Matthew Carr“One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom

fighter”

Assassinations???

What are the Characteristics of a

Terrorist?

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A History of Terrorism

***Trailer for

The Battle of Algiers

Battle of Algiers Trailer

1. What did you notice about the “terrorists” in the video (who participated)?

2. Why did the US government want a copy of the trailer to study in 2003?

3. Why bombing?

“Hell-hounds called Terrorists”Reign of Terror in France, 1793-94

The Terrorist Decades1960s-1990s

***“The Rifles of the I.R.A”

Alfred Nobel: Dynamite

IRA1919

• Led by Michael Collins•Use guerilla tactics to gain independence, 1921• Surprise, hit-and-run attacks• British still rule N. Ireland; Collins assassinated•“This can work for you”

The Troubles

1966-1998

•Protestant unionists want to remain under UK control•Catholic nationalists, IRA want a united Ireland• Negotiate Peace 2001

Black September1972

• Kidnapped 9 Israeli athletes at Munich Olympics

Black September

• Authorities negotiate a deal to take all hostages and terrorists to airport for transport

• Attempt to ambush the terrorists at the airport…unsuccessfully

• Terrorists detonate a bomb killing all 9 athletes (5 terrorists killed in firefight)

• Believed 2 terrorists escaped

The Glory Days of Hijacking1958-1972

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

• Currently represent Palestinians

• Want to liberate Palestine from Israeli occupation (goal)

• Former Leader = Yasser Arafat• Current Leader = Mahmoud

Abbas• State recognized by UN in

Dec. 2012• US/Israel do not recognize

Hamas – formerly controlled the Palestinians

•Much more extreme than the PLO•Use kids to help fight and serve as lookouts

Hezbollah: The Party of God, 1982 – more religious tone

Hezbollah continued

• Lebanese-based group• Goal: eliminate all non-Islamic

influences in Muslim countries• Allowed PLO to operate in

Lebanon in 1980s; Israel occupies land• 1982-84 Beirut bombings – 240

marines killed

Libya – The beginning

• Gaddafi (Libya) comes to power in a bloodless coup•Amassed billions via oil industry•Sponsored various anti-western terrorist organizations, esp. any against the US•Policies were pro-USSR•Reagan launches air strikes to eliminate him; unsuccessful

Libya – The Conflict Continues

• 2011 protests in Tunisia & Egypt (Arab Spring) spread to Libya

• Gaddafi vows to kill anyone rebelling against the government; civil war ensues

• UN intervenes; begins air strikes against Gaddafi and his supporters; eventually killed by rebels

Al Qaeda• Taliban: extremist

gov’t that allowed al-Qaeda to operate in Afghanistan

• Loose alliance of jihadist groups founded in 1988

• Dominated by the ideas of Zawahiri

• Funded by bin Laden

Twin Towers, 1993

The February 1998 fatwa:

the “ruling to kill the Americans and their allies—civilian and

military—is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it

in any country in which it is possible to do it.”

August attacks on embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam

US Embassies in Kenya/Tanzania

USS Cole – 17 servicemen killed

September 11

“Here is America filled with terror from north to south and from east to west, and we thank Allah for that.”

Osama bin Laden, November 2001

Oklahoma City Bombing

OKC Bombing

• Most destructive terrorist attack until 9/11• Timothy McVeigh drove a truck bomb near the

Murrah Federal Building (FBI headquarters)• 168 people killed; 680 injured; Cost: $652 million• Terry Nichols helped plan the attack

Ted Kaczynski: “The Unabomber”

The Unabomber

• Background:– Harvard at 16 yrs; Professor at Cal Berkeley at 21– Retires to Lincoln, Montana and lives without electricity

or running water• Opposed to the effects of modern technology

destroying the wilderness around him• Mailed explosive packages to people working at

universities and airlines (Unabomber = university and airline bomber)

• Family tips off FBI after releasing the Unabomber manifesto (written in cipher)

Anthrax Scare, Sept. 18 2001

Beltway Snipers

The First Intifada1987-1993

The Second Intifada2000

Terrorism in theTwenty-First Century

***Tomorrow’s Pioneers

Al-Aqsa TV

Sayyid Qutb1906-1966Milestones on the Road to Islam

Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi 1921

The Refugees 700,000 Palestinians

800,000 Jews

Rise of the FedayeenBorder Incidents between Israel and Jordan

1967: 9161970: 2,432

1979

Alexander IIThe People’s Will

1881

McKinley1901

Mumbai, India Attacks (2008)

Madrid Train Bombings (2004)?