modal perfects

ModalsSimple Perfect

Modal + Infinitive Modal + have participle

CANCOULDMAYMIGHTSHOULD INFINIT.OUGHT TOHAD BETTERMUSTDON’T HAVE TOETC…

CANCOULDMAYMIGHTSHOULD HAVE PARTC.OUGHT TOHAD BETTERMUSTDON’T HAVE TOETC…

The water must be very

cold

Before After

You shouldn’t have been in

cold water

A: He hasn’t got any money

B: He may have lost itPuede que haya perdido

B: He shouldn’t have plugged itNo debería haber enchufado

A: He has spiky hair

B: He must have broken the windowdebe haber roto

A: He was playing baseball alone

B: He mustn’t have seen itNo debe haber visto

A: He has run over the signal

B: He may have had an accidentpuede que haya tenido

A: He has both arms broken

B: She had to have stopped tenía que haber parado

A: She hasn’t stopped

B: He doesn’t have to have washed it No tenía por qué haber lavado

A: His car is brand new

B: He should have studied moredebería haber estudiado

A: He has failed the exam

B: She must have won the lottery debe haber ganado

A: She is really happy

B: He may have won herPuede que haya ganado

A: She is angry

B: He must have lost his toyDebe haber perdido

A: He is crying

B: He could have filled the tank beforepodía haber llenado

A: His car has stopped. He has run

out of petrol