mobile adhoc networking
Post on 04-Apr-2018
219 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
1/56
Mobile Ad Hoc Networking,MESH Networking, Wi-MAX
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
2/56
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
3/56
MANETs
Capable of extending network service toareas without existing infrastructure
High expectations of future capabilities
Large volume of existing research Expected to be a key element of 4G
wireless network architecture
MANET capabilities are expected to bean overall driving force for next-generation wireless functionalities
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
4/56
MANET Extending theInfrastructure
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
5/56
Key Elements of MANETs
Formed dynamically through thecooperation of independent nodes
Nodes do not have any pre-specified roles
Nodes make decision independently basedon the current network situation
Nodes are expected to behave as routers
As routers, nodes must assist in discoveryand maintenance of network routes
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
6/56
Formation of a MANET
Mobile Ad Network HOME
A
B
C
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
7/56
MANET Design complexities &Constraints
Infrastructureless with distributed management
Frequent and unpredictable topology changes
Physical layer limitation
Limited link bandwidth and quality
Variation in node capabilities
Energy Considerations
Network reliability
Network security
Network scalability Quality of service
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
8/56
MANET Management
Multihop network each device must carry burden of routing packetsfrom source to destination
Each Node handles part of the management of the network
Fault detection is extremely difficult because of the distributed design
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
9/56
MANAET Distributed Management
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
10/56
MANET Topology
Topology changes occur with every move of a mobile
node Every topology change results in route changes
Route changes lead to network partitions and in mostinstances some packet losses
A
B
C
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
11/56
MANET Physical Layer
Limited wireless range and sharedfrequency space leads to specificmobile ad hoc problems
High risk of collisions and packet losses
Hidden terminal problems
Exposed terminal problem
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
12/56
Collision Risk and Packet Loss
Node A and Node B simultaneously try to communicate with NodeC. Their traffic collides and both packets are lost at Node C.
A
C
B
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
13/56
Hidden Terminal
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
14/56
Exposed Terminal
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
15/56
MANET Congestion Control
Adapted Ready-to-Send (RTS)/Clear-to-Send (CTS) protocols arethe current resolutions to MANET congestion control, hidden
terminal and exposed terminal problems.
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
16/56
MANET Bandwidth Constraints
Bandwidth used by MANETs has a widerange of capacity levels.
Wireless bandwidth in general is more
error-prone than wired links. Wireless bandwidth in general is more
insecure than wired links.
These factors lead to lower capacity
throughput than equivalent wired links. The lower capacity wireless links lead to
higher congestion problems.
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
17/56
MANET Node Variability
Nodes may have one or more radiointerfaces of varying transmissioncapabilities
Node radios may operate in differentfrequency bands
Node radio capabilities may result inasymmetric links
Node hardware and software configurationscan affect processing capabilities
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
18/56
MANET Node Variability
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
19/56
MANET Energy Constraints
Link Distance Controlled through topology management
Goal is to reduce overall network powerconsumption as much as possible throughassignment of per node transmit power levels
Routing Protocols Minimizing routing paths reduces power needed
to send a packet end-to-end
Transmit power levels can greatly affect theability of the network to control congestion Hidden terminal problems arise
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
20/56
MANET Power Considerations
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
21/56
MANET Reliability
Reliability occurs by routing and forwardingpackets
Network overload
Misbehaving nodes Broken links
No centralized management makes theseproblems difficult to detect and isolate
Reliability thus must rely on properlydesigned protocols
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
22/56
MANET Security
Mobile networks are physically insecure
Distributed management means overallsecurity is dependent on individual node
security MANET security considerations
Confidentiality prevent eavesdropping
Access control protecting the wireless
infrastructure
Data integrity preventing tampering of traffic
Denial of service
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
23/56
Wireless Eavesdropping
Wireless eavesdropping can be performed byanyone who has a radio receiver that is compatiblewith the signaling used by the Ad Hoc network
A
C
B
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
24/56
MANET Scalability
Scalability is critical to the successfuldeployment of a MANET
Factors affecting MANET scalability
Addressing
Routing
Location management
Configuration management
Interoperability
Security
High-capacity wireless technologies
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
25/56
MANET Service Quality
Quality of Service is of keyimportance to all a networks
MANETs makes the task ofmaintaining QoS more difficult
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
26/56
MANET Applications Tactical Networks Military communications and operations control in battlefield environments. Sensor Networks Collection of embedded sensor devices used to collect real-time data to automate
everyday functions. Weather monitoring Earth activities Manufacturing Equipment automation
Emergency Services Search-and rescue operations as well as disaster recovery and medical needs. Patient records retrieval at point of contact Loss of infrastructure due to catastrophic disaster
Commercial Environments electronic commerce Make and receive payments from anywhere Access customer records from the field Vehicular access of road conditions, weather, or local news
Home and Enterprise Networking - Anywhere access for PDA Personal area networks
Educational Applications virtual classrooms or conference rooms for use during conferences, meetingsor lectures.
Entertainment
Multiuser games, robotic pets, and outdoor Internet access. Location-aware Services Follow-on services Call forwarding anywhere Transmission of actual workspace to current location Advertise location specific services Location specific travel guides Service availability information
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
27/56
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Ad hoc wireless networks eliminate theconstraints of infrastructure and enabledevices to create and join networks onthe fly
any time, anywhere
for
virtually any application.
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
28/56
MANETs and MESH Networks
Combining two point-to-point or point-to-multipointMANETs begins the basic design of a MESH network.
MESH networks are semi-mobile. The network nodesmay change but the overall coverage is somewhat
constant. MESH networks have dedicated routing nodes where
every node in an MANET is a routing node.
MANETs slowly develop into MESH networks as thenumber of nodes increases.
MESH nodes normally are connected to every othernode within range creating a mesh of coverage paths.
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
29/56
MESH Network Characteristics
Robust network routing
Routing addresses congestion concerns
Routing addresses line of sight concerns
Node density increases network throughput
Purely dynamic mesh is not suitable for large scaledeployment at this time.
Development of protocols for the dynamic natureare still needed
Development of protocols for address assignment
in a mobile environment are still needed. MESH networks are usually designed to cover large
geographic regions than MANETs.
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
30/56
MESH Network Example
A
B
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
31/56
Route Discovery
(a) Range of A's broadcast.
(b) After B and D have received A's broadcast. (c) After C, F, and G have received A's broadcast.
(d) After E, H, and I have received A's broadcast.
Shaded nodes are new recipients. Arrows show possible reverse routes.
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
32/56
Route Discovery (2)
Format of a ROUTE REQUEST packet.
When a route request arrive (B and D)
Source address and ID is looked up : noduplicate
If route is known then Route Reply, else nextstep
Increment hop count and rebroadcast the RouteRequest
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
33/56
Route Discovery (3)
Format of a ROUTE REPLY packet.
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
34/56
Route Maintenance
(a) D's routing table before G goes down.(b) The graph after G has gone down.
Use periodic Hello
B 3
F 3
F
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
35/56
MANET and MESH Differences
Logical MANET Network Logical MESH Network
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
36/56
Large Scale MESH Networks
Large Scale deployments are possiblewith the proper design in place toprovide routing nodes connected to
wireline networks.
Current large scale projects includeresearch into Providing Metropolitan
Area Network service across a MESHtopology.
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
37/56
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
38/56
WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability forMicrowave Access
Telecommunications technologyproviding wireless data over longdistances in a variety of ways
FROM Point-to-Point links TO full mobile
cellular type access
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
39/56
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
40/56
Current devices
The list is growing every day!
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
41/56
Advantages
Carrier Class, High-Speed, WirelessBroadband
Lower cost that cellular
Greater range than WiFi, Up to 3000square miles!
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
42/56
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
43/56
Frequency
Non line of site uses 2 Ghz to 11 Ghz.(Similar to WiFi)
Line of site as high as 66 Ghz.
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
44/56
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
45/56
WiMAX Forum
WiMAX was created byWiMAX Forum in June2001.
Industry-led, not-for-profit corporation
Dedicated to certifying the
interoperability of WiMAXProducts
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.neraworld.com/upload/Image%2520Folders/General%2520Illustrations/wimax_forum_color_logo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.neraworld.com/en/Products_and_Solutions/Product_families/&h=349&w=328&sz=26&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=jB9GUnMiV7_t0M:&tbnh=120&tbnw=113&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwimax%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.neraworld.com/upload/Image%2520Folders/General%2520Illustrations/wimax_forum_color_logo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.neraworld.com/en/Products_and_Solutions/Product_families/&h=349&w=328&sz=26&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=jB9GUnMiV7_t0M:&tbnh=120&tbnw=113&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwimax%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DG -
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
46/56
WiMAX Forum Certified
Products and marketing materialspass conformance and interoperabilitytesting
Display certification
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
47/56
Forum WiMAX Description
A standards-based technology enabling
the delivery of last mile wireless
broadband access as an alternative to
cable and DSL.
www.wimaxforum.org
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
48/56
WiMAX versus WiFi
Long range systemcovering kilometers
Similar to Cell
phone Quality Service
mechanismbetween Base
Station and userdevice
Highly scaleabe
Shorter range systemcovering hundreds ofmeters
Similar to CordlessPhone
Quality Servicemechanism similar to
fixed Ethernet
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
49/56
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
50/56
Different Providers
Cellular Operators
Wireline Carriers
Cable Operators
MSO-multiple system operators
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
51/56
Main WiMAX Competitors
Nortel
Intel
Sprint Nextel
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
52/56
WirelessMAN
WirelessMAN is based on IEEE 802.16standard.
WiMAX allows user to browse internetfrom laptop computer without walljack.
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
53/56
IEEE Standards
Fixed WiMAX-systems built using802.16e-2004(802.16d) air interfacetechnology
Mobile WiMAX systems built using802.16e-2005 air interfacetechnology
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
54/56
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
55/56
References
http://wi-fitechnology.com/papers+req-showcontent-ie-7-page-2.html
http://www.sigcomm.org/sigcomm2006/?tutori
als http://www.commsdesign.com/showArticle.jht
ml;jsessionid=2FYCYRNWG2MY0QSNDLRCKH0CJUNN2JVN?articleID=160911814
Basagni, Stefani, Conti, Marco, Giordano, Silva,Stojmenovic, Ivan (2004). Mobile Ad HocNetworking. Wiley & Sons, Inc, New Your.
-
7/29/2019 Mobile ADHOC Networking
56/56
References Cont
www://intel.com
www://nortel.com
www://youtube.com
www.apertonet.com http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/
http://www.apertonet.com/http://www.apertonet.com/
top related