mitosis and cell replication · •dna replication occurs during this time. prophase •chromosomes...

Mitosis and Cell Replication

Human Chromosomes After Duplication

Human Chromosomes• Each pair contains the same genes (although there can be

slightly differences we’ll get into later).

• One comes from the Mother and one from the Father.

• Only one chromosome has a difference – the X/YChromosomes that determine the sex of the offspring.

XX = female and XY = male

Each chromosome has a different set of genes on it and some are much bigger than others.

• Notice that the Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome.

Mitosis and Cell Division

• Mitosis is the process by which chromosomes replicate and then separate to allow for cell division.

Importance of Cell Division

• Ability to grow new tissues or repair damage requires adding new cells.

Phases of Mitosis

Interphase

• Just chillin’

• 90% of a cell’s life is in interphase. It is just doing its normal functions.

• DNA Replication occurs during this time.

Prophase

• Chromosomes are beginning to become aligned

Prophase

Metaphase

• Chromosomes are lining up along the equator

Metaphase

Anaphase• The chromosomes begin

to be pulled apart

Anaphase

Telophase• Chromosomes are reorganized

in advance of cell division

Telophase

Cytokinesis

• The separation of the two cells after division

Cytokinesis here

Cells at various stages of replication

Process of Mitosis

Asexual Reproduction

• Some species can reproduce by cloning themselves using mitosis.

• Asexual reproduction occurs when one individual reproduces with offspring that contain identical DNA to its parent.

Forms of Asexual Reproduction

• Examples include;

• Binary Fission

• Budding

• Fragmentation

Budding

Binary FissionFragmentation

Some Examples of Asexual Reproduction