miro zeman - department of electrical sustainable energy
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Future sustainable and intelligent electrical energy systems
Miro ZemanDepartment of Electrical Sustainable EnergyDelft University of Technology
Past and future of TU Delft electrical energy engineering
http://www.ewi.tudelft.nl/actueel/110-jaar-electrical-engineering/e-book-spanning-sensatie/
Vision of Electrical Sustainable Energy department @TU Delft
2015
Future Electrical Energy System
Global developments in energy systems
Energy transition towards sustainable energy
Large-scale implementation of renewable energy sources
Energy efficiency and savings
Smart grids
Improve power system efficiency, reliability, stability, resilience
Cope with necessary flexibility caused by emerging new technologies
and components:
Facilitate integration of electricity from renewable energy sources
Exploit potential of electric cars and storage
Reduce electricity use
Integrate energy carriers in an intelligent hybrid energy system
Global drivers and challenges
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/package/index_en.htm
The climate and energy package is a set of binding legislation which aims to ensure the European Union meets its ambitious climate and energy targets for 2020.
These targets, known as the "20-20-20" targets, set three key objectives for 2020:
20% reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels; Raising the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable
resources to 20%; A 20% improvement in the EU's energy efficiency.
Energy transition
EU Climate and energy targets for 2020 (March 2007)
Energy transition
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/international/negotiations/future/index_en.htm
At the Paris climate conference (COP21) in December 2015, 195 countries adopted the first-ever universal, legally binding global climate deal.
The agreement sets out a global action plan to put the world on track to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C. The agreement is due to enter
into force in 2020.
Key elements: Mitigation of climate change: reducing emissions; Transparency in execution and global stocktake ; Adaptation to the impacts; Loss and damage by climate change; Support
Paris Global climate action (December 2015)
Source: Global Energy Assessment, 2012, http://webarchive.iiasa.ac.at/Research/ENE/GEA/index.htmlE (exa)=1018CCS Carbon Capture & Storage
Energy transition
2016
Global energy transition scenario: Towards sustainable energy
Global electricity consumption development
Source: IEA 2008, EC 2011 data.html
2006
20%
30%
40%
2015 2030 2050
17%
21%
39%
16%
10%
Data centers
Data centersLighting
Lighting
Electric cars
Share of electricity in total energy consumption
Demand follows supply
Future Electrical Energy System: ESE vision
Energy system and society
Smart energy management
Physical system
Source: Spanning & Sensatie: 110 jaar Delftse Elektrische Energietechniek, TU Delft 2015
Future Electrical Energy System
1. Physical system
Design of electrical system: transmission & distribution engineering,
power system control & protection, microgrids
New technologies, components and automation functions: electricity generation and conversion, storage, power electronics, automatic
controls, HV(DC/AC) components, DC systems
2. Smart Energy Management
Use full potential of ICT as enabling technology for energy
3. Energy System and Society
Markets en policy (markets, economics and public policy)
User behavior, security and privacy
Cooperation based on multi-disciplinary approach: 3TU, NERA
Renewable energy use in Europe
Share of energy from renewable energy sources in gross final
energy consumption in 2012 and 2013 and national targets in 2020
The state of renewable energies in Europe, Edition 2014, 14th EurObserv’ER Report
http://www.energies-renouvelables.org/observ-er/stat_baro/barobilan/barobilan14_EN.pdf
2012
2013
2020 target
Renewable energy use in Europe
The state of renewable energies in Europe, Edition 2014, 14th EurObserv’ER Report
http://www.energies-renouvelables.org/observ-er/stat_baro/barobilan/barobilan14_EN.pdf
Neth
erl
an
ds
Germ
an
y
Den
ma
rk
Sw
ed
en
2012
2013
2020 target
Installed wind energy capacity in Netherlands
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_by_country
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Installed Wind in Netherlands
MW
pTUD DUWind program: research on future of the wind energy
Global cumulative installed wind power in 2014: 369,6 GW
2,8 GW 0,7 %
Installed PV capacity in Netherlands
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy_in_the_European_Union
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Installed PV in Netherlands
MW
p
Global cumulative installed PV power in 2014: 173,4 GW
1,1 GW 0,6 %
Socio-technical system of prosumers
• optimize economical operation
• optimize environmental effects
• provide consumers with choice options
Energy management
• ensure reliability of supply
• ensure security of supply
• reconfigure to maintain QoS
Physical power system
• generate/distribute/store/use
• improve systems operations
• reduce environmental impact
PowerWeb program TU Delft
QoS Quality of service
Towards the smart energy grid of future
http://powerweb.tudelft.nl/en/
Socio-technical system of prosumers
• optimize economical operation
• optimize environmental effects
• provide consumers with choice options
Energy management
• ensure reliability of supply
• ensure security of supply
• reconfigure to maintain QoS
Physical power system
• generate/distribute/store/use
• improve systems operations
• reduce environmental impact
PowerWeb program TU Delft
QoS Quality of service
Towards the smart energy grid of future
http://powerweb.tudelft.nl/en/
policy analysis
computer science
mathematics
electricalengineering
control engineering
PowerWeb program TU Delft
Towards Smart grids: Integrating Ideas, People, Programs
Partners: TUD (EEMCS, TPM, IDE, 3ME, AS), CWI, Alliander, TenneT
20 research projects
Multidisciplinary approach:
Electrical engineering (network stability, efficiency, control, supply/demand balancing, power processing, management, devices)
Computer science(data collection and processing)
Economics and business science(services, control, management, business models)
Law and society (regulation, privacy, reliability, prices, fairness)
http://powerweb.tudelft.nl/en/
Local electricity generation and use PV electricity combined with storage and
charging of electric vehicles
Partners: TUD, ABB, PRE (Breda)
Electric vehicles as storage Contactless charging combined with solar
roads
Partners: TUD, TNO
Local (DC) grids with high efficiency DC system on LV level, DC transformer, cellular
smart grid platform
Partners: TUD, TUe, DNV-GL, ABB Duitsland
Examples of running projects
PowerWeb program TU Delft
Potential of PV in built environment in NL
Het potentieel van zonnestroom in de gebouwde omgeving in Nederland, PBL &DNV-GL, 2014
Available area in NL: ~ 400 km2
PV technology efficiency: 16%
Annual PV module yield: 123 kWh/m2
Annual yield PV system: 770 kWh/kWp
Possible installed PV capacity: ~ 65 GWp
Generated electricity: ~ 50 TWh/y = demand of buildings
(50 TWh/y = ~ 50% NL electricity consumption)
Imbalance between generation and demand: local conditions (weather, population), seasonal changes (winter/summer)
capacity problems of the grid
Measures: Curtailment, demand response, control power, grid reinforcement
Storage (batteries, large-scale -> power-to-gas)
Smart grid
Cost PV electricity production (CPV)
J. Werner, Int. Symp. on Innovative Solar Cells, Tokyo, 2014 (Un of Stuttgart)
500 1000 1500 2000 25000,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
T€ = 2000 €/kW
p
1000 €/kWp
1500 €/kWp
ele
ctr
icity p
rod. cost C
PV
[€
/kW
h]
annual energy yield Eann
[kWh/(kWp a)]
500 €/kWp n = 20 years
i = 6 %
KE
TC
ann
PV€
ni
iK
)1(1
8-12 ct
5-7 ct
4-6 ct Germ
any,
Japan
Cypru
s
South
Afr
ica
Electricity Cost CPV [€/kWh]
Total investment T€ [€/kWp]
Annual Yield E ann [kWh/(kWp×a)]
Annuity K
Years n
Interest Rate i
Conclusion: University research contribution
Create:
Sustainable business opportunities
Deliver:
Reliable, affordable and sustainable electricity
everywhere and for everyone
What do we stand for:
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