military decision- making process an overview... 1
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ACTION: Describe the military decision making process (MDMP)
CONDITIONS: Given student handout, FM 101-5 ch. 5 and FM 34-8-2 ch. 3
STANDARD: Demonstrate an understanding of MDMP IAW FM 101-5 ch. 5 and FM 34-8-2 ch. 3
Objective
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Commanders make battlefield decisions. As intelligence NCOs, we must understand the factors that are
involved in the military decision making process (MDMP) that we can make informed decisions, thereby saving lives of service members. Over the
next hour we will discuss the factors involved in MDMP and try to simplify
the process as much as possible.
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MODEL VS. MDMP
RECOGNIZE &DEFINE PROBLEM
RECOGNIZE &DEFINE PROBLEM
GATHER FACTSMAKE ASSUMPTIONS
GATHER FACTSMAKE ASSUMPTIONS
DEVELOPPOSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
DEVELOPPOSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
ANALYZEEACH SOLUTION
ANALYZEEACH SOLUTION
SELECTBEST SOLUTION
SELECTBEST SOLUTION
COMPARESOLUTIONS
COMPARESOLUTIONS
RECEIVETHE MISSION
RECEIVETHE MISSION
MISSIONANALYSIS
MISSIONANALYSIS
COURSE OF ACTIONDEVELOPMENT
COURSE OF ACTIONDEVELOPMENT
COURSE OF ACTIONANALYSIS (WARGAME)
COURSE OF ACTIONANALYSIS (WARGAME)
COURSE OF ACTIONAPPROVAL
COURSE OF ACTIONAPPROVAL
COURSE OF ACTIONCOMPARISON
COURSE OF ACTIONCOMPARISON
Six Step Model
MDMPFM 101-5AUG 96
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MDMPMDMP
• A systematic approach to problem solving.
• A commander and staff checklist to ensure key elements of tactical planning are not missed.
• Established and proven analytical process.• Tool that assists the commander and staff in
developing a plan.• Helps the commander and staff examine a battlefield
situation and reach logical decisions.• Applies thoroughness, clarity, sound judgment, logic,
and professional knowledge to reach a decision.
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7 Steps of MDMP7 Steps of MDMP
1. Receipt of Mission2. Mission Analysis3. COA Development4. COA Analysis (Wargaming)5. COA Comparison6. COA Approval7. Orders Production
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Military Decision-Making ProcessMilitary Decision-Making Process
STEP 1
RECEIVE THE MISSION
MSN FROMHIGHER
WARNORD TO STAFF
ASSESSMENT OFAVAILABLE TIME
INITIAL CDR’sGUIDANCE
WARNORD
RECON?
1 8
Receipt of MissionReceipt of Mission
• Gather tools on receipt of Warning Order– Map– SOP’s– FM’s– Staff Estimates
• Initial Assessment– Time Available / time needed– IPB– Light requirements– Status of staff
Warning Order
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Military Decision-Making ProcessMilitary Decision-Making Process
STEP 2
MISSION ANALYSIS
IPB: MCOO, SIT TEMPS, HVTL, CRITICAL EVENTS, & EVENT TEMP
CDR’s INTENT & INITIAL PLANNING GUIDANCE
RESTATEDMISSION
INITIAL CCIRs
INITIAL R&SPLAN
MISSION ANALYSISBRIEF
WARNORD
MISSION FROMMISSION FROMHIGHERHIGHER
TIME ANALYSISTIME ANALYSIS
CDR’s INITIALCDR’s INITIALGUIDANCEGUIDANCE
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17 Steps of MA17 Steps of MA
*Analyze Higher’s Order*Initial IPB*Specified, Implied, Mission Essential Tasks*Review Available Assets*Determine Constraints*Facts and Assumptions
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17 Steps of MA (Cont')17 Steps of MA (Cont')
*Risk Assessment*Initial CCIR*Initial R&S Plan*Plan use of time*Restated Mission*MA briefing
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17 Steps of MA (Cont')17 Steps of MA (Cont')
*Approve Restated Mission*Develop Initial Cdr’s Intent*Issue Cdr’s Guidance*Issue a Warning Order*Review Facts and Assumptions
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Military Decision-Making ProcessMilitary Decision-Making Process
STEP 3
COADEVELOPMENT
RESTATEDMISSION
CDR’s INTENT& INITIALPLANNINGGUIDANCE
INITIAL CCIRs
IPB PRODUCTS
COA STATEMENTS& SKETCHES
COA BRIEF(OPTIONAL)
PRODUCE ONLYVIABLE COAs
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Military Decision-Making Process Military Decision-Making Process
STEP 4
COA ANALYSIS (WAR GAME)
APPROVED COAAPPROVED COASTATEMENTS &STATEMENTS &SKETCHESSKETCHES
UPDATED CCIRsUPDATED CCIRs
UPDATED IPBUPDATED IPBPRODUCTSPRODUCTS
DST & BOS SYNCHMATRIX (PER WAR GAME)
TGTING PRODUCTS:HPTL, AGM, TSS (PERWAR GAME)
REFINED COAs(FCOA & ECOA)
REFINED EVENTTEMP
FCOAs + & - (BASED ONEVALUATION CRITERIA)
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Military Decision-Making ProcessMilitary Decision-Making Process
DECISION BRIEFINGDECISION BRIEFING
STEP 5
COA COMPARISON
DECISION MATRIXDECISION MATRIX
FCOAs + & - FCOAs + & - (BASED ON(BASED ONEVALUATION EVALUATION CRITERIA)CRITERIA)
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Military Decision-Making ProcessMilitary Decision-Making Process
STEP 6
COA APPROVAL
DECISIONDECISIONBRIEFBRIEF
CDR APPROVESSTAFF RECOMMENDATION
CDR DISAPPROVES STAFF RECOMMENDATION
ISSUE WARNORDISSUE WARNORD ADVANCE TO STEP #7
BACK TO STEP # 4
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Military Decision-Making ProcessMilitary Decision-Making Process
STEP 7
PRODUCE THE ORDERS
APPROVEDAPPROVEDCOACOA
FINALIZEDFINALIZEDCCIRsCCIRs
OPORD
R&S ANNEX
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Full MDMPFull MDMP
• Process occurs at all levels
• Staff must apply thoroughness, clarity, sound judgment, logic, and professional knowledge to make MDMP work.
• More deliberate and detailed war-game
• More preparation and rehearsal time
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When time-constrained MDMP is done
When time-constrained MDMP is done
• Severely limited time < 10 hours for
• Staff not available
• Single COA
• Extensive involvement by the commander
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Only One ProcessOnly One Process
• Staff must first master the full MDMP
• MDMP is a sound and proven process– Omitting steps is not a solution
• Keys to success:– Anticipation / Organization /
Prior preparation
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Four Primary TechniquesFour Primary Techniques
• Increase CDR’s involvement– CDR makes decisions during process– No detailed briefings after each step
• CDR’s guidance is more directive– Limits staff options– Focuses staff on CDR’s priorities
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Four Primary TechniquesFour Primary Techniques
• CDR limits COAs– Saves the most time
– Developed and War-gamed
– One COA in extreme cases
– End-state is one Viable COA
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Four Primary TechniquesFour Primary Techniques
• Maximize Parallel Planning– Most critical
– Warning orders
– Verbal now
– Share all available info with subordinates ASAP (IPB)
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AdvantagesAdvantages
• Maximizes use of available time
• Allows subordinates more time
• Focuses staff on specific/directive guidance
• Adaptable to rapidly changing sit
• Allows commander to compensate for lack of or inexperienced staff
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DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• Limits staff flexibility and initiative
• Does not explore all friendly options
• May result in oral or frag order
• Increases risk of overlooking key factor or significantly better option
• Decreased coord and synch
VISION INTENT CONCEPT OFOPERATION
MISSION
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
ART OF WAR
SCIENCE OF WARExperience
Judgement
Intuition Methodology
Procedures
Techniques
Tactics
Doctrine
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Q Upon receipt of the mission from higher headquarters, what is one of the areas that the staff needs to review prior to mission analysis?A: Maps, SOPs , FMs and any existing estimates
Q: How many steps are in Mission Analysis?
A: There are 17 steps.
Q: What products are developed in Mission Analysis?
A: MCOO, Situation Templates, HVTL, Event Template, initial R&S plan
Q: What is another name for COA Analysis, and what products are created in this step?A: COA Analysis is called Wargaming. The products produced are DST, BOS Sync Matrix, HPTL
Q: What techniques are involved in time-constraint MDMP? Four?
A: Increased CDR involvement, Direct CDR guidance, CDR limit number of COAs, Maximize parallel planning 32
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