microturbine final seminar ppt

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MICROTURBINE

Presented by-ASIF QUAMAR1RE12ME032

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CONTENTS• Introduction• Microturbine overview• Components of Microturbines• Working Principle• Types of Microturbines• Comparisions• Advantages• Application• Challenges• Conclusion

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INTRODUCTIONMicroTurbines are new type of combustion

turbine used for stationary energy generation.The concept is evolved from automotive and

truck turbochargers, auxiliary power units (APU) for airplanes.

Approximately the size of a refrigerator with outputs of 25 kW to 500 kW.

They provide not only electricity , but also the thermal energy to provide for all heating and cooling needs

4Microturbine producing power, as well as heat

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MICROTURBINE OVERVIEW• Commercially Available Yes (Limited)• Size Range 25-500 kW• Fuel Natural gas, hydrogen,

propane, diesel• Efficiency 20-30% (Recuperated)• Environmental Low (<9-50 ppm) NOx• Other Features Cogeneration (50-80°C water)• Commercial Status Small volume

production, commercial prototypes now.

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Components of Microturbine• Turbo Compressor• Combustor• Generator• Recuperator (Internal Heat Exchanger)• Turbine • Power Electronics (Rectifier & Inverter)

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Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Diagram

8How a Microturbine works

Turbine rotates the generator at high RPM which produces electricity of high frequency

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Types of Microturbine• Unrecuperated Microturbine (Simple cycle)

• Recuperated Microturbine

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Recuperated Microturbine

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ComparisonUnrecuperated

• Compressed air is mixed with fuel and burned under constant pressure conditions.

• Efficiency 15%.

Recuperated

• A sheet metal heat exchanger (recuperator) recovers temperature of the air stream supplied to the combustor.

• Efficiency 20~30%.

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Advantages of Microturbine• Small number of moving parts• Compact size• Lightweight• Good efficiencies in cogeneration• Low emission• Can utilize waste fuels• Long maintenance interval• No vibration• Less noise than reciprocating engines

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Economics Micro turbine Cost

Capital Cost $700-$1,100/kW

O&M Cost $0.005-0.016/kW

Maintenance Interval 5,000-8,000 hrs.

APPLICATIONSPeak shaving and base load power (grid parallel) Combined heat and power (co-generation)Distributed power generationStand-alone power Backup/standby power Primary power with grid as backup Micro grid Resource recovery Transportation applications

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CHALLANGESHeat loss due to the high surface to volume

ratioCooling problemsmanufacturing the components (turbine

blades)Generation of thermal stressesDesign of air bearings

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CONCLUSION Micro turbine can use low grade of fuel very effectively

like waste gases, sour gases etc. Thus micro turbine gives chance of low fuel cost and less

emission. The dimensions of micro turbine comparatively small by

which it can be installed at field where power is consumed. Micro turbine is also effective in CHP operation. In India the micro turbine is quite useful. The power shortage effect can be solved using micro

turbine, using fuels like biogas, etc.

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Microturbine Manufacturers

• Bowman power systems• Capstone Turbine Cooperation• Elliott energy systems• Turbec AB• Ingersoll-Rand Company

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THANK YOU !