micro- and macro- nutrients

Micro- and Macro- nutrients Required for good

health

Micronutrients Required in very small

daily amounts (mg) < 0.005% body weight Do not produce

energy (like water) Co-factors with

enzymes Vitamins and trace

minerals (Fe, Cu, F, Zn, I, B, Co, Mo)

Macronutrients Required in larger

amounts (> 0.005% body weight)

Proteins Fats Carbohydrates Minerals (Na, Mg,

K, Ca, P, S, Cl)

Vitamins Required for

metabolism, good health and proper growth

Help in formation of blood cells, hormones nervous tissue

Fat soluble or water soluble

Only Vitamin D can be synthesised by body

Vitamin A (retinol) Fat soluble primary

alcohol Can be stored in body’s

fat, therfore not needed to be eaten every day

Light sensitive (conjugated system)

Required in production of rhodopsin (in rods of retina)

Can change conformation of molecules

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Water Soluble Note hydrogen

attached to electronegative O.

Can hydrogen bond to water

Cannot be stored in body fat

Regular intake is required

Vitamin D Fat or water

soluble ? Fat soluble Body can

synthesise it

Causes of nutrient deficiencies Income disparities Poor eating habits Limited food supply Famine Malnutrition not

helped by poor sanitation, lack of health sevices, poor literacy rates

Examples of Micro-nutrient deficiencies Anaemia Goitre Xerophthalmia Pellagra Beriberi Scurvy Rickets (take notes using

page 342)

Examplesof Macronutrient deficiencies Marasmus Kwashiorkor Edema Fatigue Decreased

immunity Osteoporosis Cramps

Solutions to vitamin deficiency Food rations Adding nutrients to

food Genetic modification Nutritional

supplements Selenium

supplements Iron rich food

Questions Page 360