michael bell, university of sydney business school - port-centric logistics: international...
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Port-centric logistics: International experience and relevance for Sydney
Professor Michael G H Bell, ITLS,
The University of Sydney Business School
Contents
› Principles of good city logistics
› Irony of containers on the road network
› Definition of port-centric logistics
› How port-centric logistics makes savings
› London Gateway
› Automation supports port-centric logistics
› Advantages and disadvantages of port-centric logistics
› Sydney and intermodal terminals
› Policy implications and conclusions
2
Four principles of good city logistics
1. Goods should be moved in urban
areas by the most appropriate
vehicles, at the most appropriate
times, by the most appropriate
routes
2. Movement should be reduced to a
minimum compatible with providing
an efficient consumer response
3. Inventory should be reduced to a
minimum and held as far as
possible outside urban areas
4. Deliveries in urban areas should be
consolidated (follows from
principles 2 and 3)
3
Trucks damage the road infrastructure
4
Source: Sydney Ports Corp
What is port-centric logistics?
› Port-centric logistics “is the combination of various elements of the supply
chain centred around a port facility. It combines the port of entry with
warehouse, distribution, assembly and manufacturing buildings, with
various modes of transport including road, rail and sea in order to
maximise efficiencies in, and minimise the costs of, the supply chain from
origin to destination.” (www.londongateway.com)
› It facilitates “more effective supply-chain management by eliminating the
unnecessary handling and movement of goods through reducing the
primary and secondary trunk movements, improving time to market,
reducing inventories in transit and thus inventory levels, and resulting in
reduced supply chain costs and increased efficiencies, reduced
distribution costs, road miles and lower carbon outputs.”
(www.londongateway.com)
5
Conventional logistics
6
Port-centric logistics
7
Port technology supports port-centric logistics
› Move to automate container terminals
- Gate systems (Vehicle booking system, OCR)
- Automatic stacking cranes (24/7, all weather operation)
- Automatic guided vehicles, shuttle carriers, Autostrads (coming to Sydney)
- Twin-trolley ship-to-shore cranes
› Port-centric logistics opens up the possibility of extending the scope of
automation
- Horizontal transport to/from the logistics centre
- Tracking and tracing
12
Automation at CTA, Hamburg
13
Source: Hamburg Port Authority
Layout of CTA
14
Source: Hamburg Port Authority
Twin-trolley STS crane
15
Source: Hamburg Port Authority
AGV
16
Source: Hamburg Port Authority
ASC
17
Source: Hamburg Port Authority
Advantages of port-centric logistics
› Reduction of freight-km by removal of “triangulation”
› Rapid reuse of containers, less containers in circulation
› Containers off the road network
- No empty container traffic or empty container parks
- Lower weight, smaller, more appropriate trucks in circulation
- Less damage to the road infrastructure
- Reduced emissions, less noise in surrounding areas
› Logistic-centric ports
- Better coordination, tracking and tracing, etc.
- Value added services generating revenue and employment
- More stable revenue for the port
18
Disadvantages of port-centric logistics
› Vertical integration can lead to market power
- Market power leads to inefficiency
- Need for competition
- Where competition infeasible, regulation
› Less stock in containers leading to less efficient consumer response?
19
Port Botany in Sydney
20
Source: Sydney Ports Corp
Growth in container throughput at Port Botany (TEUs p.a.)
21
Source: Sydney Ports Corp
Moorebank IMT rendering
22
Source: Australian Government
Other warehousing in the Moorebank area
23
Source: Australian Government
Benefits of Moorebank IMT (Australian Government)
› 3,300 trucks a day off Sydney's roads between Port Botany and
Moorebank by shifting freight to rail – 1.2 million trucks per year from
2019/20 onwards
› $10 billion in economic benefits including reduced freight costs, reduced
traffic congestion, reduced traffic accidents and improved productivity
› Improved environmental outcomes, with less fuel used and less emissions
due to reduced road freight – trains generate fewer emissions and use
less fuel than trucks for each container moved
› An estimated 2,625 construction jobs for the port shuttle and interstate
terminals and a further 1,700 jobs for the south western Sydney region
24
Policy implications for Sydney
› Collocation the key to successful IMTs
› Government policy stresses role of Moorebank as an IMT, but
- Sufficient space for collocation?
- 1.2m TEU pa => 24k TEU in the yard (14k TEU storage planned)
- TEU = 20 pallets = 20 m2 warehouse space
- 24k TEU unpacked = 480k m2 warehouse space = 1km x 0.5km
- Multi-story warehousing possible as in Hong Kong
› Policy nudges may help
- Low emission zone
- Truck routes
- Nighttime and/or daytime truck bans
- Container exclusion zone or bans
25
Conclusions
› Port-centric logistic can significantly improve city logistics by reducing
- Freight-km
- Congestion
- Emissions
› Port-centric logistics can fit well with intermodal terminals provided
sufficient space for warehousing is provided
› Economic forces favour port-centric logistics, but can be supported by
demand management policies such as Low Emission Zones
› Port-centric logistics supports logistic-centric ports through automation of
movement, storage and tracking & tracing
› The environmental footprint of ports can be reduced too
26
Thank you for your attention!
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