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Mga konsepto

Josephine S. Daguman, PhD Buwan ng Wika

31 Agosto 2020

Pangunahing konsepto

Uri ng salita (word classes)

Uri ng sugnay (clause types)

Pandiwa (verb)

Pangngalan (noun)

Morpema (morpheme)

Argument

Nominal marking pattern

Transitivity

Semantic role

TAM (tense, aspect, mood)

Valency

Uri ng salita

Pandiwa(verb)

Pangngalan

(noun)

Pandiwa

TAM (tense, aspect, mood)

Tense (Ingles)

I lived here.

I live here.

I will live here.

KAGANAPAN (A. Bejo)

Nakaraan

Kasalukuyan

Hinaharap

Pandiwa

TAM (tense, aspect, o mood)

Tense (Ingles)

I lived here.

I live here.

I will live here.

KAGANAPAN (A. Bejo)

Nakaraan (past tense)

Kasalukuyan (present tense)

Hinaharap (future tense)

Pandiwa

TAM (tense, aspect, o mood)

Mood (Sebwano)

Naglung-ag si Ana.

Maglung-ag si Ana.

KAGANAPAN (A. Bejo)

Nangyari na (nakaraan at kasalukuyan)

Hindi pa (hinaharap)

Pandiwa

TAM (tense, aspect, o mood)

Mood (Sebwano)

Naglung-ag si Ana.

Maglung-ag si Ana.

KAGANAPAN (A. Bejo)

REALIS (nakaraan at kasalukuyan)

IRREALIS (Hinaharap)

Pandiwa

TAM (tense, aspect, o mood)

Aspect (Guinina-ang)

Nan-isna si Ana.

Man-isna si Ana.

KAGANAPAN (A. Bejo)

Tapos na (nakaraan)

Hindi pa (kasalukuyan o

hinaharap)

Pandiwa

TAM (tense, aspect, o mood)

Aspect (Guinina-ang)

Nan-isna si Ana.

Man-isna si Ana.

KAGANAPAN (A. Bejo)

PERFECTIVE (nakaraan)

IMPERFECTIVE (kasalukuyan

hinaharap)

Morpema

Pinakamaliit na

bahagi ng salita na

may ibig sabihin o

may gamit sa

gramatika.

Halimbawa

SALITA: pagkain ‘food’

UGAT: kain ‘eat’

PANLAPI: pag- ‘NOMINALIZER’

Uri ng sugnay (clause types)

May pandiwa

(verbal)

Walang pandiwa

(verbless)

Sugnay na may pandiwa (verbal clause)

Intransitibo(intransitive)

Ngumiti ang bata.

Transitibo

(transitive)

Inayos ng bata ang mga libro.

Sugnay na may pandiwa

Intransitibo(intransitive)

Ngumiti [ang bata].

Transitibo

(transitive)

Inayos [ng bata][ang mga libro].

Sugnay na may pandiwa

Intransitibo(intransitive)

Ngumiti [ang bata].

ARGUMENT

Transitibo

(transitive)

Inayos [ng bata][ang mga libro].

ARGUMENT ARGUMENT

Sugnay na may pandiwa

Intransitibo(intransitive)

Ngumiti [ang bata].

ARGUMENT

1

Transitibo(transitive)

Inayos [ng bata][ang mga libro].

ARGUMENT ARGUMENT

1 2

Semantic roles

1. agent (AG) - gumagawa

2. patient (PAT) – apektado

3. location (LOC) – pook/lugar

4. instrument (INS) - gamit

5. recipient (REC) – tumanggap ng bagay

6. beneficiary (BEN) – nakikinabang

7. experiencer (EXP) – may pinagdadaanan

8. causer (CSER) – nag-uutos

9. causee (CSEE) – inuutusan

Sugnay na may pandiwa

Intransitibo(intransitive)

Ngumiti [ang bata].

agent (AG)

Transitibo(transitive)

Inayos [ng bata]

agent (AG)

[ang mga libro].

patient (PAT)

Syntactic function

Intransitibo(intransitive)

Ngumiti [ang bata]S.

Transitibo

(transitive)

Inayos [ng bata]A

[ang mga libro]O.

Pagmamarka (marking)

Intransitibo(intransitive)

Ngumiti [ang bata]S.

Transitibo

(transitive)

Inayos [ng bata]A

[ang mga libro]O.

Marking pattern

Nominative-accusative

O

Ergative-absolutive

A

S

A

S

O

Marking pattern

Intransitibo(intransitive)

Ngumiti [ang bata]S.

Transitibo

(transitive)

Inayos [ng bata]A [ang mga libro]O.

Marking pattern

Intransitibo(intransitive)

Ngumiti [ang bata]S.

ABS

Transitibo(transitive)

Inayos [ng bata]A [ang mga libro]O.

ERG ABS

Valency

Intransitibo(intransitive)

Ngumiti [ang bata].

ARGUMENT

1

Transitibo(transitive)

Inayos [ng bata][ang mga libro].

ARGUMENT ARGUMENT

1 2

Valency change

Addition

Reduction

Interlinear glossing convention

Leipzig Glossing Rules

2015

Earlier versions

Panlapi (Affixes)

unlapi (prefix) pag-

hulapi (suffix) -an

gitlapi (infix) <in>

kabilaan

(circumfix) ka> <han

(insuffix) <in> -an

Sanggunian

Dixon, R.M.W. 2013. Basic Linguistic Theory. Vol.1-3. Oxford:

Oxford University Press

Dixon, R.M.W. and Aikhenvald, Alexandra. 2000. Editors of

Changing Valency. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press

Dawson, Hope C. and Phelan, Michael. 2016. Editors ofLanguage Files. Columbus: The Ohio State University