meter a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables

METERMETERA regular pattern A regular pattern of stressed and of stressed and unstressed unstressed syllables.syllables.

FOOTFOOTA meter’s basic unitA meter’s basic unitConsists of one Consists of one

stressed syllable stressed syllable and one or more and one or more unstressed syllables.unstressed syllables.

4 BASIC METRICAL 4 BASIC METRICAL FEETFEET

IAMBIAMBTROCHEETROCHEEANAPESTANAPESTDACTYLDACTYL

IAMBIAMB(˘´ ) (˘´ )

Unstressed/stressedUnstressed/stressed˘ ´ ˘ ´ Re liefRe lief

TROCHEETROCHEE(´˘ )(´˘ )

stressed/unstressedstressed/unstressed´ ˘´ ˘

ap pleap ple

ANAPESTANAPEST(˘˘´)(˘˘´)

unstressed/unstressed/unstressed/unstressed/stressedstressed

˘ ˘ ´ ˘ ˘ ´ in in tro duce tro duce

DACTYLDACTYL(´˘˘ )(´˘˘ )

stressed/unstressed/stressed/unstressed/unstressedunstressed´ ˘ ˘´ ˘ ˘

Broc co liBroc co li

SPONDEESPONDEE(´´)(´´)

Double stressDouble stress

CAESURACAESURA((ll)ll)

pausepause

SCANSIONSCANSIONAnalysis of poetic Analysis of poetic metermeter–Identify different Identify different types of feet used in types of feet used in each line then count each line then count them.2ndthem.2nd

Types of meterTypes of meterDimeter = 2 feet per Dimeter = 2 feet per

linelineTrimeter= 3 feet per Trimeter= 3 feet per

linelineTetrameter= 4 per lineTetrameter= 4 per line

Pentameter = 5Pentameter = 5Hexameter = 6Hexameter = 6

Few poems are Few poems are written with written with exact meter exact meter throughout the throughout the entire poementire poem

Perception of Perception of meter also varies meter also varies with the readerwith the readerThe dominant The dominant meter can generally meter can generally be recognizedbe recognized

Identify the metrical Identify the metrical footfoot

Best of all, victory!Best of all, victory!I bought a car today.I bought a car today.Look for hidden Look for hidden

pitfalls.pitfalls.In the cool of the nightIn the cool of the night

Answers:Answers:DactylDactylIambIambTrocheeTrocheeAnapestAnapest

Edmund SpenserEdmund SpenserRegarded himself Regarded himself as primarily a poetas primarily a poetLived in war-torn Lived in war-torn IrelandIreland

Wrote Wrote The Faerie The Faerie QueeneQueene and and AmorettiAmorettiInfant son killed in a Infant son killed in a

raid by Irishmen who raid by Irishmen who detested the detested the presence of presence of Englishmen in IrelandEnglishmen in Ireland

Buried in Buried in Westminster near Westminster near Chaucer in the poets’ Chaucer in the poets’ cornercornerChaucer, Spenser and Chaucer, Spenser and

Milton are regarded as Milton are regarded as England’s greatest England’s greatest non-dramatic poets.non-dramatic poets.

ParadoxParadoxAn apparent An apparent contradiction contradiction that is somehow that is somehow true.true.

ConceitConceitA fanciful and elaborate A fanciful and elaborate

figure of speech that figure of speech that makes a surprising makes a surprising connection between two connection between two seemingly dissimilar seemingly dissimilar things.things.–Ex. Love of Blaze Ex. Love of Blaze compared to a baited hook.compared to a baited hook.

Sonnet 30Sonnet 30What is the What is the paradox stated?paradox stated?

Poet compares his Poet compares his love for a woman love for a woman to a BLAZING fireto a BLAZING fireAnd compares her And compares her rejection of his rejection of his love to ice.love to ice.

What makes it a What makes it a paradox?paradox?

If he is like fire, why If he is like fire, why then can he not melt then can he not melt her cold heart, but her cold heart, but instead, she gets instead, she gets colder toward him.colder toward him.

Also, if she is like Also, if she is like ice, why then ice, why then does his love for does his love for her grow hotter, her grow hotter, not cooler with not cooler with her rejection?her rejection?

Answer: Answer: Love is so Love is so powerful that it powerful that it can alter the can alter the laws of nature.laws of nature.

CoupletCoupletTwo consecutive Two consecutive

rhyming lines of rhyming lines of poetry.poetry.–Answer to sonnet 30 Answer to sonnet 30 comes in the form of comes in the form of a couplet.a couplet.

Sonnet 75Sonnet 75Speaker describes Speaker describes

writing his love’s writing his love’s name in the sand and name in the sand and seeing the waves seeing the waves wash it away twice.wash it away twice.

When she protests that When she protests that it is futile to try to it is futile to try to immortalize anything immortalize anything mortal, he promises mortal, he promises to make her name to make her name and their love live and their love live forever through his forever through his verse (eternizing verse (eternizing conceit).conceit).

ConceitConceitA fanciful and A fanciful and

elaborate figure of elaborate figure of speech that makes a speech that makes a surprising connection surprising connection between two between two seemingly dissimilar seemingly dissimilar things.things.

Eternizing Eternizing ConceitConceitA conceit meant A conceit meant

to immortalize to immortalize someone/thing in someone/thing in words such as a words such as a poem.poem.

Petrarchan Petrarchan SonnetSonnet

14 lines of rhymed 14 lines of rhymed iambic pentameter, iambic pentameter, organized in two organized in two stanzasstanzas

One stanza has One stanza has 8 lines (octave)8 lines (octave)One stanza has One stanza has 6 lines (sestet)6 lines (sestet)

Octave is in the Octave is in the rhyming pattern ofrhyming pattern ofabbaabbaabbaabbaSestet is in the Sestet is in the rhyming pattern ofrhyming pattern ofcdecdecdecde

Octave describes a Octave describes a situation or a situation or a problemproblemSestet describes a Sestet describes a

change in the change in the situation or a solution situation or a solution to the problemto the problem

TurnTurnThe change in The change in the situation is the situation is called the called the TURN.TURN.

English SonnetEnglish SonnetOriginated during the Originated during the

Renaissance. Renaissance. Two forms of the Two forms of the

English sonnet are English sonnet are the Shakespearean the Shakespearean and the Spenserian.and the Spenserian.

Spenserian Spenserian sonnetsonnet

Consists of 3 four Consists of 3 four line stanzas line stanzas (quatrains) and a (quatrains) and a concluding couplet.concluding couplet.

Spenserian Spenserian sonnetsonnet

Rhyme scheme is Rhyme scheme is abab bcbc cdcd eeabab bcbc cdcd ee

In the Faerie In the Faerie QueenQueenSpenser used the Spenser used the

rhyming scheme rhyming scheme ababbcbcc with the last ababbcbcc with the last line having an extra foot line having an extra foot making it a hexameter- making it a hexameter- this is also called an this is also called an ALEXANDRINEALEXANDRINE

The Spenserian The Spenserian StanzaStanzaThe nine-line iambic The nine-line iambic

stanza which had only stanza which had only 3 rhymes with the last 3 rhymes with the last line having an extra line having an extra foot was now called foot was now called the Spenserian Stanza.the Spenserian Stanza.

Faerie – suggests Faerie – suggests grand, heroic grand, heroic beings whose beings whose superhuman superhuman powers come powers come from their own from their own virtue and piety.virtue and piety.

Who is the Faerie Who is the Faerie Queen?Queen?

Gloriana, an Gloriana, an idealized portrait idealized portrait of Queen Elizabethof Queen Elizabeth

The Faerie Queen The Faerie Queen as an Allegoryas an Allegory

Meant to be an allegory, Meant to be an allegory, Spenser intended to Spenser intended to create 12 books, with create 12 books, with each leading character each leading character serving as the serving as the embodiment of one embodiment of one virtue or quality.virtue or quality.

The CharactersThe CharactersThe RedCross The RedCross Knight – mankindKnight – mankindDuessa- FalsehoodDuessa- FalsehoodUna - TruthUna - Truth

Sonnet 18 pg Sonnet 18 pg 224224Is a Is a

Shakespearean Shakespearean sonnet written in sonnet written in the rhyming format the rhyming format abab cdcd efef ggabab cdcd efef gg

Logical Logical OrganizationOrganization

The first two The first two quatrains ask a quatrains ask a question and give question and give tentative answerstentative answers

The turn comes The turn comes after line 8 with a after line 8 with a second turn coming second turn coming after line 12after line 12The couplet is the The couplet is the final answer to the final answer to the question.question.

The second turn is The second turn is a final summary a final summary meant to have a meant to have a great impact, such great impact, such as successfully as successfully immortalizing the immortalizing the object.object.

Eternizing Eternizing ConceitConceitA conceit meant A conceit meant

to immortalize to immortalize someone/thing in someone/thing in words such as a words such as a poem.poem.

COMPLETE THE COMPLETE THE QUICKWRITE ON QUICKWRITE ON PAGE 225 AND PAGE 225 AND TURN IN FOR A TURN IN FOR A

GRADE.GRADE.

Sonnet 116Sonnet 116Love is defined as Love is defined as

a “marriage of true a “marriage of true minds”minds”It tells what love is It tells what love is

and what it is not.and what it is not.

Love is…Love is…–UnalterableUnalterable–Is an “ever-fixed Is an “ever-fixed mark”mark”Love is not…Love is not…–Not Time’s foolNot Time’s fool

SynecdocheSynecdocheA figure of speech in A figure of speech in

which a part of which a part of something represents something represents the whole.the whole.–What is the synecdoche in What is the synecdoche in this poem?this poem?

Rosy lips and cheeks – Rosy lips and cheeks – represent health and represent health and youth.youth.

AllusionAllusionWhat is alluded What is alluded to in this poem?to in this poem?–The grim reaper The grim reaper with his sickle.with his sickle.

Sonnet 130Sonnet 130With humor, the With humor, the speaker describes speaker describes his beloved, who he his beloved, who he says is nothing like says is nothing like

The red-lipped, The red-lipped, rosy-cheeked, rosy-cheeked, sweet-voiced sweet-voiced damsels of typical damsels of typical love poetry; love poetry; instead, she is aninstead, she is an

Ordinary mortal. Ordinary mortal. The speaker makes The speaker makes it clear though it clear though that it is not his that it is not his true love that true love that disappoints him, disappoints him,

But rather the But rather the gushing love gushing love poetry with poetry with conventional conventional sentiments sentiments about beauty.about beauty.

Remember…Remember…Such Such metaphors are metaphors are known as known as conceitsconceits

Carpe DiemCarpe DiemMeans “seize the Means “seize the

day” day” Literary theme that Literary theme that

urges living in the urges living in the present moment.present moment.

PastoralPastoralFrom the Latin word From the Latin word

for, “pastor”, and for, “pastor”, and meaning, “shepherd” meaning, “shepherd” are works set in an are works set in an idealized countryside idealized countryside with characters that with characters that

Are often Are often blends of the blends of the naïve and the naïve and the sophisticated.sophisticated.

The Passionate The Passionate Sheperd to His Sheperd to His

LoveLoveWhat makes it What makes it a pastoral?a pastoral?

It shows none It shows none of the hardships of the hardships of farm life.of farm life.

How is the How is the speaker speaker

offering the offering the suggestion to suggestion to

“seize the “seize the day”?day”?

He is offering He is offering many delights to many delights to tempt his love in tempt his love in the hope that she the hope that she will spontaneously will spontaneously go with him.go with him.

The Nymph’s The Nymph’s Reply to the Reply to the

SheperdSheperdNymph means, “young Nymph means, “young woman”woman”How does the nymph’s How does the nymph’s

view of life differ from view of life differ from the shepherd's view?the shepherd's view?

The nymph points The nymph points out the flaws in his out the flaws in his vision of life, vision of life, focusing on the focusing on the negatives such as negatives such as age and fall and age and fall and winter.winter.

How is the How is the “carpe diem” “carpe diem”

theme satirized theme satirized by this poet?by this poet?

He makes the He makes the shepherd's offers shepherd's offers seem unrealistic, seem unrealistic, impossible and impossible and ridiculous.ridiculous.

Metaphysical Metaphysical ConceitConceitEspecially complex Especially complex

and ingenious figures and ingenious figures of speech that make of speech that make surprising connections surprising connections between two between two seemingly dissimilar seemingly dissimilar things.things.

HyperboleHyperboleExtreme Extreme exaggerationexaggeration

Valediction: …Valediction: …In this poem, a In this poem, a husband is bidding husband is bidding his wife farewell. his wife farewell. He forbids her to He forbids her to mourn his leaving mourn his leaving on a journey.on a journey.

The first 8 lines The first 8 lines urge her to behave urge her to behave with quiet dignity with quiet dignity when they part, when they part, just like virtuous just like virtuous people die without people die without drama or display.drama or display.

Metaphysical Metaphysical imagery is used to imagery is used to describe their describe their relationship as a relationship as a union of souls so union of souls so complete that complete that distance cannot distance cannot separate them.separate them.

What is the What is the conceit?conceit?Lines 25-28Lines 25-28

The two people The two people compared to the compared to the legs of a compass.legs of a compass.

While one is fixed While one is fixed and unmoving, the and unmoving, the other circles other circles around, but always around, but always in relation to the in relation to the fixed person.fixed person.

Death be Not Death be Not ProudProudThe speaker taunts The speaker taunts

Death, saying Death Death, saying Death does not kill and that does not kill and that Death itself will die– Death itself will die– because Death is the because Death is the soul’s deliverance soul’s deliverance into eternal life.into eternal life.

Death is also the slave Death is also the slave of “fate, chance, of “fate, chance, kings, and desperate kings, and desperate men.” Death can men.” Death can only inflict temporary only inflict temporary “sleep” because the “sleep” because the soul will awaken, live soul will awaken, live eternally, and defeat eternally, and defeat Death.Death.

EpigramEpigramA brief, clever A brief, clever and usually and usually memorable memorable statement.statement.

On My First SonOn My First SonA farewell to his dead A farewell to his dead

son, the speaker son, the speaker regrets having regrets having forgotten that his forgotten that his child was merely child was merely loaned to him by God.loaned to him by God.

He consoles He consoles himself with the himself with the thought that his thought that his son is now free of son is now free of the pains of living the pains of living and growing old. and growing old.

The last lines offer an The last lines offer an epitaph for his son, “epitaph for his son, “his his best piece of poetrybest piece of poetry”.”.He concludes with a He concludes with a

vow never again to vow never again to “like” or cling “too “like” or cling “too much” to what he much” to what he loves.loves.

To Althea, from To Althea, from PrisonPrisonSpeaker talks of the Speaker talks of the

nature of nature of confinement versus confinement versus liberty and asserts liberty and asserts that, although he’s in that, although he’s in jail, presumably for jail, presumably for

political reasons, he is political reasons, he is spiritually and spiritually and imaginatively free. He imaginatively free. He sums up his situation sums up his situation in the famous paradox in the famous paradox at the beginning of the at the beginning of the last stanza.last stanza.

The refrain ending The refrain ending each stanza also each stanza also emphasizes the emphasizes the triumph of freedom triumph of freedom of the mind over of the mind over physical physical confinement.confinement.

RoyalistsRoyalistsMen who Men who supported King supported King Charles in the Civil Charles in the Civil Wars of the 1640s.Wars of the 1640s.

CavalierCavalierNickname for a Nickname for a supporter of the supporter of the kingking

RoundheadRoundheadNickname for a Nickname for a supporter of supporter of ParliamentParliament