mesoamerican civilizations ming dynasty in china
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Mesoamerican Civilizations
Ming Dynasty in China
Ottoman Empire
Explorations & Imperialism
Absolutism and Puritans Rev
Geographic features ◦ Rainforests
◦ Mountains
◦ Woods
◦ Fertile plains
economy Farming & trade
religion
Polytheism
Priests very imp
social
structure
Chief
Nobles
Military
Farmers
contributions Calendar
Pyramid
temples
Number system
Economy-farming, used “floating gardens”
(chinampas) to increase farmland
Religion-polytheistic, Sun God most imp., built
pyramid temples, human sacrifices
Social Structure-Nobles & Priests
Warriors & Traders
Farmers & Slaves
Calendar
Schools
Medicine (set bones, dental procedures)
Built Tenochititlan-capital city
Economy-farming-used terraces to increase farmland
Religion-polytheistic, Sun God most imp. gods related
to nature
Social Structure-Emperor also Son of Sun God
Nobles and local chiefs
System of Roads
Temples
Terraces increased farming land
Quipus- communication system of strings and knots
Medicine-surgery, use of herbs
How did the Mayan, Aztec and Inca use technology to increase farmland?
What did these civilizations have in common?
What were some of the contributions of these civilizations?
Ming Dynasty overthrew the Mongols
Returned to the “Middle Kingdom” ideal & isolation
Returned to Civil Service
Economy-
◦ new farming advancements (fertilizer, new crops)
◦ Increased manufacturing of porcelain, paper
◦ Updated canal system for trade w/in China
Cultural-landscape paining, porcelain vases
Trade limited under the Ming-wanted to protect itself from outsiders
China did share with Korea, Japan and SE Asia
Shared with Korea: ◦ Buddhism, writing, porcelain, Confucius ideas
Shared with Japan: ◦ Art, Buddhism
SE Asia/Vietnam: ◦ Civil service, govt bureaucracy
How did the Ming Dynasty return China to traditional Chinese culture?
Why did the Mings shut off China from the rest of the world?
How did cultural diffusion continue?
Rise of Ottomans: ◦ Conquered the Byzantines and Constantinople
◦ Strong military and weapons (cannons, muskets)
◦ Took over trade routes
Sueliman the Magnificent
Improved the govt & justice system
Followed Muslim law-Sharia
Tolerant of other religions
Built mosques
Built miniatures and painted
Manuscripts
Internal problems
Corruption
Poor leadership
European competition and technology
Sound familiar?....Rome, Byzantine, Mongols
How did the Ottomans build an empire?
What were the contributions of the Ottoman Golden Age?
Why did the Ottoman Empire fall?
Exploration=looking for new lands and trade routes
Imperialism=taking over other countries for resources
Needed to find we trade routes b/c Ottomans had taken over the Med. Sea routes
Wanted Eastern spices
Wanted to reduce the costs of goods
Central and South America
Used horses, weapons and armor
Overwhelmed the Native Americans
Disease weakened and killed millions
Cortes explored Mexico and destroyed the Aztecs
Pizzaro explored Peru and destroyed the Inca
British explores explored India and colonized it
Columbus tried to get to India and bumped into the Americas in 1492.
Columbian exchange began
Cartographers-created maps
Domination of one country by another
Colonies-country taken over by another
England colonized India for spices & trade
Portugal colonized African coast for trade routes
Dutch colonized S Africa for land and ports
N America to Europe- sugar, cotton, tobacco
Europe to Africa- textiles, rum, products
Africa to N America- slaves
Also called Middle Passage for slaves
Wars in Africa betw. tribes & regions
11 million Africans sent to Americas
Instability in African govt’s
How did exploration impact the Americas?
Why did the Triangle Trade begin at the time of exploration?
What products/goods were traded in the Triangle Trade? What people were involved?
Viceroys- representative of Spanish king
Religion- Catholic Church
Encomienda system- economic system ◦ Colonies could only trade with Spain
◦ Native Americans & Africans used as slaves on sugar plantations
Cultural diffusion of Spanish, Native & African cultures
Global exchange of people, plants, animals & technology.
Part of the trade routes
New crops introduced to Europe, Africa & Asia (corn, beans, squash,)
New crops & animals introduced to Americas ( rice, wheat, cattle, chickens, horses)
Spread of disease to Americas (smallpox, measles)
Develop mercantilism-colonies supported the mother /imperialist country with resources and people to buy their products
Positive effects ◦ Increased cultural diffusion
◦ Improved living in Europe
◦ Rise of the middle class (merchants) in Europe
Negative effects ◦ Slave trade
◦ Disease
How was the encomienda system important in continuing Spanish power in the colonies?
How did Spain control its colonies?
How did the Columbian Exchange expand trade routes?
What were some impacts of European imperialism?
How was mercantilism a new economic system?
Absolutism- complete power over the gov’t
Divine Right- king’s authority comes from God (sound familiar? In China it was called??)
Louis VIX the Sun King
Built the Palace of Versailles
Had strongest army in Europe
Expanded the govt
More debt
Peasants revolted
Laid groundwork for French Rev
Formerly Byzantine Empire
Peter the Great
Centralized power
Used force & terror to rule (remember Machiavelli?)
Had a large army
Modernized Russia
Built St. Petersberg
Began to trade with the West (Europe)
Tudor family ruled (Henry VIII & Elizabeth I)
Ruled by divine right
Stuart Family James I & Charles I
High taxes under Stuarts
Threw enemies in jail w/o trials (violated the Magna Carta) under the Stuarts
English Civil War
Charles I vs. Parliament
Oliver Cromwell led the army against Charles
Charles executed by own subjects
Signaled end of absolutism in England
1688
Non violent
William & Mary became King & Queen
Were Protestants
Accepted the English Bill of Rights ◦ Limited monarchy- Parliament limited power of
king
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