memory: types and subsystems

MEMORY

Three Types of Memory:

1. Sensory Memory

2. Short-term Memory

3. Long-term Memory

SENSORY MEMORY1. Capacity - Large; contains most

details of sensory input2. Duration of storage - Visual: 1/10

second; Auditory: 2 seconds3. Reason for forgetting – Storage

failure (e.g., decay)

SHORT-TERM MEMORY1. Capacity – 7 units, plus or minus 22. Duration of Storage – Less than 30

seconds without rehearsal3. Reason for Forgetting – Storage

failure (e.g., displacement)

LONG-TERM MEMORY

1. Capacity – Virtually unlimited2. Duration of Storage – Up to a lifetime3. Reason for Forgetting – Retrieval

failure (e.g., interference)

TWO SUBSYSTEMS WITHINLONG-TERM MEMORY

1. Declarative Memory2. Nondeclarative Memory

TYPES OF DECLARATIVE MEMORY

1.Episodic Memory – includes record of the episode of your life.

2.Semantic Memory – is the memory for general knowledge, or objective facts and information.

METHODS OF TESTING MEMORY

1.Free Recall2.Cued Recall3.Recognition4.Savings5.Implicit Memory

FORGETTING1. Repression2. Decay of Fading Theory3. Consolidation4. Interference5. Retrieval

AMNESIA- Is a general term that can signify either a partial or total loss

of memory.

Anterograde Amnesia – the inability to form long-term memories of events occurring after a brain injury or brain surgery, although memories formed before the trauma are usually intact and short-term memory is unaffected.

e.g. A character who is known by the name Lucy in the popular movie “50 First Dates”.

Retrograde Amnesia – the inability to remember the past, but can form new memories.

e.g. A character who is known by the name Jason Bourne in the popular books and films “The Bourne Identity, The Bourne Supremacy, The Bourne Ultimatum, The Bourne Legacy

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

- neurological disorder in which the death of brain cells causes memory loss and cognitive decline.

- a neurodegenerative type of dementia, the disease starts mild and gets progressively worse.

IMPROVING YOUR MEMORY

SPAR METHODS – urveyP – rocessA – skR – eview

IMPROVING YOUR MEMORY

MNEMONIC DEVICES1.Method of Loci – also called the

memory of place.2.Acronym

e.g. ordering the colors of the rainbow,ROY G BIV(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet)3. Pegword Method4. Link Method

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