medieval europe notes - mr. dubbs · • background of medieval europe • reading on life in...
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H1
Warm Up • What are some stereotypical ideas you have of Medieval
Europe? What comes to mind?
Agenda • Background of Medieval Europe • Reading on Life in Medieval Times in Europe
Medieval Europe Notes Page 27
Defining the Medieval Period
The time period has also been called the “Middle Ages” and the “Dark Ages”
Classical Civilization (Beginning of European Civilization !
Roman Empire)
Medieval Europe (Fall of Rome ! Before the Renaissance)
Modern Times (Renaissance ! Today)
Medieval Europe: Stages
Early Medieval Europe (c. 500–1000)
High Medieval Europe (c. 1000–1300)
Late Medieval Europe (c. 1300–1500)
Don’t Copy
The Fall of the Roman Empire
• Beginning of the Middle Ages
• Invasions • End of the
Roman emperors
Don’t Copy
H2
The Barbarian Invasions
• From Asia: Huns and Magyars
• From the Germanic north: Saxons, Angles, and Goths
Europe in 814
Don’t Copy
Rise of the Germanic Peoples • Ostrogoths: Italian
peninsula • Visigoths:
modern-day Spain • Angles and
Saxons: modern-day Britain
• Franks: central Europe “Invasion of the Goths into the Roman Empire,”
a 19th-century painting
Don’t Copy
Clovis (466–511) • Established a Frankish
kingdom in central Europe • Conquered many competing
tribes and regional Roman political leaders
• Converted to Christianity
Don’t Copy
Charlemagne (742–814)
• Powerful leader, strong Christian
• Created the Carolingian Empire
• Crowned by Pope Leo III as the first Holy Roman Emperor
H3
The Vikings
• Warrior culture from Scandinavia
• Raided Europe • Established
settlements throughout Europe and even in North America
A Viking longboat
Feudalism • A political, economic,
and social system in which land was allocated in exchange for services; roles and obligations were clearly defined for all participants
• Originally developed as a means of protection and defense
A French vassal receiving a feudal grant from the king
Roles in the Feudal System • Lord • Vassal • Fief • Manor • Serf
Feudal serfs
Feudal Power Relationships
KING
NOBLES
VASSALS (KNIGHTS)
SERFS AND PEASANTS
LAND & TITLES
LAND, POWER & PROTECTION
SHELTER, LAND & PROTECTION
FOOD & LABOR
LOYALTY, TAXES, FOOD & MILITARY
SERVICE
LOYALTY, TAXES & SERVICE
Knights • Elite military
soldiers • Usually from the
noble classes • Stages of
training: page, squire, knight
• Chivalry
Statue of a medieval knight
H4
The Medieval Tournament Means of practicing military skills
Warm Up
• Who was the first European to “Discover” the Americas?
• What group/nationality was he a part of? • Is he remembered or not and why do you think that
is?
Castles • Centers of
noble life • Purposes:
• Intimidation • Military
defense • Residence
Warwick Castle, England
Break from the Lecture
• Page 28 • “Life on a Manor” • Sit quietly and read • Once you are done reading, answer the
attached questions • 30 minutes total • Complete unfinished parts for homework
Catholic Church Hierarchy The
Pope
Cardinals
Archbishops
Bishops
Priests
The Catholic Church Expands Its Power
• The Church becomes more of a political entity
• Struggles with monarchs
• Expanded land ownership
Pope Gregory VII
H5
The Monastic Movement • Became popular in the 5th
century • Arose as a reaction against
the increasing “worldliness” of the Church
• Monasteries: secluded religious communities
• Benedictine monasticism: vows of chastity, poverty, obedience
St. Benedict
The Inquisition • The Inquisition:
special court established by the Church to combat heresy
• Accused heretics sometimes tortured
• Convicted heretics burned at the stake
A suspected heretic being tortured by the Inquisition
Middle Ages Videos • http://www.history.com/
topics/middle-ages/videos/robin-hood-and-the-longbow?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
• http://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/videos/who-were-the-vikings?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
• http://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/videos/weapons-of-the-middle-ages?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
• http://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/videos/who-was-robin-hood?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
Universities
• Need for administrators
• Muslim knowledge, renewed interest in classical writings
A map of medieval European universities
Warm Up
• Write half a page about what life was like on a manor.
• Come up to the front and get 10 pennies.
H6
Medieval Mongols & Russians • The Mongol Empire
• Temuchin – Genghis Khan (c. 1162 – 1227) • Khublai Khan • Advances against the Muslim world • Advances against Europe
• The Development of Russia • Kievan Rus’ • The church—Vladimir the Great (c. 987) • Mongol invasion • Alexander Nevsky (c. 1220 – 1263)
• Moscow
Music Break • Mussorgsky: Pictures At An
Exhibition - La Cabane Sur Des Pattes De Poule, Baba Yaga (The Hut On Fowl's Legs) 2:58
• Mussorgsky: Pictures At An Exhibition - La Grande Porte De Kiev (The Great Gate Of Kiev) 5:20
• To the far right is the Great Gate of Kiev. This was built prior to the Mongol Invasion in 1200. Based on the picture and the second track, what do you think is the perception of Kievan Rus’ in Russian history? Why? Use evidence. Any other thoughts on the music?
Modest Mussorgsky
Baba Yaga
Map 10.4: Northern and
Eastern Europe
Warm Up
• Write down the following questions to answer when we watch a crash course video in just a few minutes. • Why is Medieval Europe referred to as the “Dark Ages”? • Is this name accurate? • What was life like in the Medieval Islamic World? • What are 3 accomplishments of the Islamic World during
this period? • Same question as the one previous for China at the time.
H7
France
• Most powerful kingdom in Europe by the 14th century
Hugh Capet
England
• 1066: Norman Invasion • William the Conqueror
(1027–1087) • Brought feudalism to
England
William the Conqueror
Magna Carta (1215) • Conflict between King John
and the English nobility • Nobles rebelled against
excessive taxation, forced King John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215
• Limited power of the monarch
• Formal recognition that the king was not above the law “rule of law” A photograph
of the Magna Carta
Development of Parliament
• Original parliament • House of Lords: nobles
and church lords • House of Commons:
knights and residents • Approved taxes, discussed
policies, worked with the monarch to make laws
Edward I
Islam in Europe
• Islamic forces took control of Spain in the early 8th century
• Muslim innovations • Agriculture • Architecture • Math and
science Great Mosque of Córdoba
Golden Age of Islam • Read Introduction pdf
H8
Warm Up
• What Roman numerals do you know? • What are the rules of Roman numerals?
Golden Age of Islam Page 29
• Rearrange into quads • 7 minutes per placard set, 5 placards total • “There’s no place like Rome” will be your
anchor activity (Page 30) • Complete the Golden Age of Islam Worksheet
as you read the information placards
Warm Up
• What were 3 accomplishments you learned about from the Islamic Golden Age?
• Homework: • Medieval Europe Quiz on Friday
The Reconquista of Spain • Muslims ruled the
Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years
• Reconquista: Struggle between Christians and Muslims to control Spain
• 718–1492 • King Ferdinand of
Aragon and Isabella of Castile Isabella and Ferdinand
Map 10.2: Christian Reconquests in the Western Mediterranean Italian City-States
• Many city-states on the Italian peninsula
• Changed hands often; controlled at times by Germanic tribes, Byzantines, and the French
• Rome and the Papal States remained important Medieval Italy
H9
The Crusades
• 1095–1291 • Goals of the Crusades:
• Convert nonbelievers • Eliminate heretics • Regain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims
Louis IX of France leads crusaders against Damietta, in Egypt
Pope Urban II—What were his motives?
“For your brethren who live in the east are in urgent need of your help, and you must hasten to give them aid which has often been promised them…[The Turks and Arabs] have attacked them and…have occupied more and more of the lands of those Christians, and have overcome them in seven battles. They have killed and captured many, and have destroyed the churches and devastated the empire… On this account I, or rather the Lord, beseech you as Christ’s heralds to publish this everywhere and to persuade all people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends.
Pope Urban II—What were his motives?
“I say this to those who are present, it meant also for those who are absent. Moreover Christ commands it…All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans shall have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the power of God with which I am invested. O what a disgrace if such a despised and base race, which worships demons, should conquer a people which has the faith of omnipotent God and is made glorious with the name of Christ!”
The Late Middle Ages
• 1300–1500 • War • Black Death
Battle of Agincourt, 15th century
The Hundred Years’ War: Causes • The Hundred Years’
War: 1337–1453 • Struggles between
French and English royal families over who would rule either country
• Conflicts over territory, trade
English ruler Edward III
The Hundred Years’ War: Battles
• England had early victories
• The French eventually expelled the British from mainland Europe
• English military innovation: the archer
The Battle of Crecy, the first major battle of the Hundred Years’ War
H10
Joan of Arc • Heroine of
the war • Had visions
that told her to free France
• Fought with the army
• Captured, burned at the stake
Joan of Arc being burned at the stake
Joan of Arc
Tour de France, Final Day in
Paris “Norwegian
Corner”
Warm Up
• Who fought in the 100 years war? • Why?
Architecture • Many churches
and cathedrals built during the Middle Ages
• Church designs • Romanesque:
cross • Gothic: ribbed
vault, flying buttress, stained glass
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France, a prime example of medieval Gothic architecture
Flying Buttresses Look at them go!
H11
Ribbed Vault Romanesque Cross
Stained Glass “Rose” of Notre Dame Illuminated Manuscripts
• Manu scriptus • Art form • Made by monks, took forever
"Page from the Book of Kells, 800 CE, scribed by Celtic monks
Legacy of the Medieval Era • Transitional period • New kingdoms evolved • The Church became a
dominant force • Modern institutions
originated
Bluff Time
• Make sure the numbers on the teams are even
• Any questions on the rules?
H12
1
• When did the Medieval Era Occur?
2
• What were two reasons for going on the Crusades?
1
• Who told the Europeans to go on the First Crusade?
2
• What are the reasons for monasticism?
1
• Who founded Christianity in Russia? What was his reasoning?
2
• Who was the first Holy Roman Emperor and who crowned him?
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