measles presentation
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8/7/2019 measles presentation
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MEASLESBy: Bea Lois M. Torralba
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W HAT IS MEASLES?
Measles, also called rubeola, is a highly
contagious respiratory infection that's caused by
a virus. It causes a total-body skin rash and flu-
like symptoms, including a fever, cough, andrunny nose.
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
While measles is probably best known for the
full-body rash it causes, the first symptoms of the
infection are usually a hacking cough, runny
nose, high fever, and red eyes. A characteristicmarker of measles are Koplik's spots, small red
spots with blue-white centers that appear inside
the mouth.
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The measles rash typically has a red or reddish
brown blotchy appearance, and first usually
shows up on the forehead, then spreads
downward over the face, neck, and body, thendown to the arms and feet.
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8/7/2019 measles presentation
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IS MEASLES CONTAGIOUS?
Measles is highly contagious ³ 90% of people
who haven't been vaccinated for measles will get
it if they live in the same household as an
infected person. Measles is spread when someone
comes in direct contact with infected droplets or
when someone with measles sneezes or coughs
and spreads virus droplets through the air. A
person with measles is contagious from 1 to 2
days before symptoms start until about 4 daysafter the rash appears.
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PREVENTION
Infants are generally protected from measles for6 months after birth due to immunity passed onfrom their mothers.
For most kids, the measles vaccine is part of the
measles-mumps-rubella immunizations (MMR)or measles-mumps-rubella-varicellaimmunization (MMRV) given at 12 to 15 monthsof age and again at 4 to 6 years of age.
Measles vaccine is not usually given to infantsyounger than 12 months old. But if there's ameasles outbreak, the vaccine may be given whena child is 6-11 months old, followed by the usualMMR immunization at 12-15 months and 4-6years.
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Measles vaccine should not be given to pregnant
women or to kids with untreated tuberculosis,
leukemia or other cancers, or people whose
immune systems are suppressed for any reason.
Also, the vaccine shouldn't be given to kids who
have a history of severe allergic reaction to
gelatin or to the antibiotic neomycin, as they are
at risk for serious reactions to the vaccine.
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V ACCINE SIDE EFFECTS
Measles vaccine occasionally causes side effects
in kids who don't have underlying health
problems. The most common reactions are fever
between 6-12 days after vaccination (in about 5%-
15% of kids getting the vaccine) and a measles-
like rash, which isn't contagious and fades on its
own (in about about 5% of vaccinated kids).
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TREATMENT
There is no specific medical treatment for
measles. To help manage symptoms, which
usually last for about 2 weeks, give your child
plenty of fluids and encourage extra rest. If fever
is making your child uncomfortable, you may
want to give a non-aspirin fever medication such
as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Remember, you
should never give aspirin to a child who has a
viral illness since the use of aspirin in such caseshas been associated with the development
of Reye syndrome.
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K ids with measles should be closely monitored.
In some cases, measles can lead to other
complications, such as otitis media, croup,
diarrhea, pneumonia, and encephalitis (a serious
brain infection), which may require antibiotics or
hospitalization.
In developing countries, vitamin A has been
found to decreas
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NICE TO KNOW
In developing countries, vitamin A has been
found to decrease complications and death
associated with measles infections. In the U.S.,
vitamin A supplementation should be considered
for children between 6 months and 2 years who
are hospitalized with measles and its
complications. Also, all kids older than 6 months
with risk factors, such as vitamin A deficiency,
weakened immune system, or malnutrition maybenefit from vitamin A supplementation.
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