me vs web - angularjs fundamentals
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AngularJS Fundamentals
Aviran Cohen
Hello!I am Aviran CohenFull-stack Developer7 years experience in web development
blog.avirancohen.comfacebook.com/MEvsWEB
What we’ll cover
1.A brief history of web development2.Introduction3.Architecture4.Getting Started5.Directives6.HTML Compiler
1.A Brief History Of Web
Development
Once upon a time
jQuery (2006)
jQuery
▣Started as DOM manipulation tool▣Became an all-in-one javascript library
□without much forethoughts▣Our best friend back then, until..
The Era of Web Apps
jQuery + Webapp = Headaches
▣Structureless spaghetti code□Total code mess
▣Selectors creating tight coupling□Non-reusable code
▣Not enough high level abstractions□A lot of code required to be written
= TOTAL MESS
Backbone.js (2010)
backbone.js
▣It brings structures to our code▣but still uses jQuery to handle the views
backbone.js
▣Solved□No more spaghetti code
▣NOT Solved□Selectors creating tight coupling□Not enough high level abstractions
What about High Level Abstractions?
▣Backbone is unopinionated.
▣It lacks the necessary tools to easily manage any webapp above a certain threshold in complexity
▣The bottom line - Backbone asks you to write A Lot More Code to get what you want
And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness wasupon
the face of the deep
‘’And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness wasupon the face of the deep
And God said: Let there be light..
‘’And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness wasupon the face of the deep
And God said: Let there be light..
...and there was light
AngularJS
Initial release in 2009
Faster development
Quality code (structure and robustness)
Developed by Google
Trends
How come jQuery is still way more popular than angular?
It’s not one or another
▣Angular does not replace jQuery!
▣jQuery library is the undoubted king of a DOM manipulation
Angular’s Role
▣Angular offers a comprehensive framework to develop front-end applications
▣Actually Angular provides jqLite out of the box
□a jQuery-like library that provides a subset of jQuery functionality
2.Introduction What AngularJS
is all about
‘’AngularJS is:1.a powerful Front-end JavaScript framework
2.Extends HTML to build complex web applications
3.Organizes JavaScript code into reusable components
How things worked before:
JSHTMLStructure
Behavior
CSSPresentation
HTMLInterface
CSSPresentation
JSLogic
How things works the Angular’s way:
Why Angular
▣Component based - Code reuse
▣Extends HTML by adding directives, custom tags, attributes, expressions, templates within HTML
▣Data Binding and Dependency Injection□Everything is communicated automatically
▣Dependency-injected code for easy testing and TDD
The major features of AngularJS
▣Easy Data Binding: Two way Data Binding▣Reusable Components - Directives▣Dependency injection▣Routing▣Templating▣Modules▣Controllers▣Services▣Expressions▣Filters▣Form Validation▣$scope, $http, $routeProvides..
3.Architecture
What kind of architecture Angular use?
Template
Model
View
Compile
Change to View updates the Model
Change to Model updates the View
Two-way Binding
Two-way Binding
▣Any changes in the scope are reflected in the view, and any user interactions with the view are reflected in the scope model.
▣This makes the scope model the single source of truth
MVC? MVVM?Model-View-Controller?Model-View-ViewModel?
VIEW
define the data and methods that will be available for the viewMODE
Lbusiness logic
Html Template$scope (VM)
Two-way Data-BindingCommands
Commands Change Notifications
What architecture is it?
MVWModel View Whatever - Whatever works for you
4.Getting Started
Getting started
▣ng-app
<html ng-app=”myApp”><head> <script src='angular.js'></script></head><body></body></html>
ng-app
▣Use this directive to bootstrap an application
▣Only one ng-app directive can be used per HTML document
<html ng-app>
Markup {{ expression }}
▣Double curly brace notation {{ }}▣Used to bind expressions to elements is built-
in Angular markup.
<div>1 + 2 = {{1+2}}</div>
Hello {{username}}
ng-model
▣The ng-model directive binds an input,select, textarea (or custom form control) to a property on the scope
▣Two-way binding
Data Binding
▣ng-model▣ng-show
<html ng-app><head> <script src='angular.js'></script></head><body> <input ng-model='user.name'> <div ng-show='user.name'>Hi {{user.name}}</div></body></html>
Modules (HTML side)
▣All AngularJS JavaScript code is stored in modules
▣And a module is attached to a page
var app = angular.module('myApp', ['otherModule', 'anotherModule']);
<html ng-app="myApp"> ... </html>
Modules (Javascript)
▣Modules are used to define services, controllers, directives and filters
▣Each module member is a constructor which can inject other services
app.factory('myValues', function() { return function() { return [1,2,3,4,5,6]; };});app.filter('skipFirstValue', function() { return function(data) { return data.slice(1); }});app.run(function($rootScope, myValues, skipFirstValueFilter) { //this is called when the page is loaded $rootScope.values = skipFirstValue(myValues());});
$scope
▣The scope is the glue between JavaScript and HTML in AngularJS
▣Anything placed on the $scope object can be referenced in HTML
<div ng-controller="AppCtrl"> Hello, so far I have <strong>{{ totalApples }} </strong> apples. <button ng-click="moreApples()">Give me more!</button></div>
app.controller('AppCtrl', function($scope) { $scope.totalApples = 0; $scope.moreApples = function() { $scope.totalApples++; }});
$scope
Think of the scope as the memory for your HTML
Controllers
▣Controllers are defined inside of a module like all other services
app.controller('AppCtrl', function($scope) { ... });
Controllers
▣And they can be referenced in HTML using ng-controller (Or within routes..)<html ng-app><head> <script src='angular.js'></script> <script src='controllers.js'></script></head><body ng-controller='UserController'> <div>Hi {{user.name}}</div></body></html>
function UserController($scope) { $scope.user = { name:'Larry' };}
index.html
controllers.js
Ajax
AJAX using $http
▣Use $http to perform an AJAX request
▣The scope will automatically update itself when $http returns gets a response
var app = angular.module('myApp', []);app.controller('ColorsCtrl', function($scope, $http) { $scope.colors = $http.get('/api/colors.json');});
5.Directives The Magic
Begins..
No more HTML mess
Today’s websites have giant series of <div> with extensive and exhaustive CSS, causing little semantic clarity.
With Angular you can create your own tags and attributes using Directives.
Directives
▣Special custom components in HTML
▣The directives can be placed in element names, attributes, class names, as well as comments.
▣Directives are a way to teach HTML new tricks.
<div my-precious-element></div>
Directives
▣Handled in JavaScript via DOM manipulation
▣A directive is just a function which executes when the compiler encounters it in the DOM.
app.directive('myPreciousElement', function() { return function($scope, element, attrs) { element.bind('click', function() { alert('clicked!'); }); }; });
Possible usage of directives
<rating max='5' model='stars.average'>
<tabs> <tab title='Active tab' view='...'> <tab title='Inactive tab' view='...'></tabs>
<tooltip content='messages.tip1'>
Built-in Directives
▣AngularJS provides series of predefined HTML components
▣These components reduce much of the JavaScript required to make HTML appear dynamic
Some of the Built-in Directive Components
▣ng-repeat▣ng-show▣ng-hide▣ng-disabled▣ng-href▣ng-click▣ng-dbclick▣ng-mouseup▣ng-mouseover▣ng-focus▣ng-blur▣...
6.HTML
Compiler
HTML Compiler
▣Angular’s HTML compiler allows the developer to teach the browser new HTML syntax.
▣The compiler allows you to attach behavior to any HTML element or attribute and even create new HTML elements or attributes with custom behavior.
▣Angular calls these behavior extensions directives.
How the HTML Compiler works
▣Compiler is an angular service which traverses the DOM looking for attributes.
▣The compilation process happens in two phases:
□Compile: traverse the DOM and collect all of the directives. The result is a linking function.
□Link: combine the directives with a scope and produce a live view.
Exercisehttp://www.learn-angular.org
Thanks!Any questions?
You can find me at:
blog.avirancohen.comfacebook.com/MEvsWEB
Credits
▣ http://slides.com/gsklee/angularjs-a-brief-introduction
▣https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1H9u9xd0OE0W1o_5Aeug7uSR0AXXPidtWBQNmpi_ZP9I
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