mcginnis, j. m., and foege, w. h. (1993). "actual causes of death in the united states."...
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McGinnis, J. M., and Foege, W. H. (1993). "Actual Causes of Death in the United States." Journal of the American Medical Association 270:2207–2212.
Steptoe, A., Wardle, J., Cui, W., Bellisle, F., Zotti, A., Baranyai, R., & Sanderman, R. (2002). Trends in smoking , diet, physical exercise and atittudes toward health in European university students from 13 Countries, 1990-2000. Preventive Medicine, 35, 97-104.
Webb, E., Ashton, C. H., Kelly, P. & Kamali, F. (1998). Na update on British medical students’ lifestyles. Medical education, 32, 325-331
Lifestyle
Pattern of personal behavioral choices
Health behaviours are established early in
life setting the pattern for latter years (Steptoe et al.,
2002)
It is of interest to examine lifestyles of
today’s medical students – tomorrow’s
doctors (Webb et al., 1998)
Induces higher or reduced health risks
(McGinnis et al,1993)
(1)Describe health related habits of Portuguese medical students
(2)Study the influence of medical schools and its’ knowledge on health behaviour of medical students
(3) Analyse the impact of some academic and social characteristics in student’s lifestyle.
Study Design
Cross-sectional study on the health habits of Portuguese medical students
Sample includes first and fourth year medical students from Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
Information about health habits was obtained by applying a self-report questionnaire
Data collection instrumentHealth and Behaviour Survey (HBS)
•Created for the European Health and Behaviour Study (Steptoe & Wardle, 1991). It was used the Portuguese version (Geada, Justo, Santos, Steptoe & Wardle, 1994)•Only parts of section A was of interest for this study •It was added some independent variables like sex, residence status and grades•Other marginal changes were madeSteptoe, A., & Wardle, J. (1991). The European health and behaviour survey:
rationale, methods and initial results form the United Kingdom. Social Sciences Medicine, 33, 925-936.Geada, M., Justo, J., Santos, S., Steptoe, A., & Wardle, J. (1994). Hábitos de saúde, comportamentos de risco e níveis de saúde física e psicológica em estudantes universitários. Psicologia da Saúde: áreas de intervenção e perspectivas futuras, 157-175.
Sample description:
Number of questionnaires: 328
Blank questionnaires: 3
Non-respondents per variable: 3.28
Firts year students: 247 Fourth year students: 81
Females: 223 Males: 102
For the treatment of data it was used:
•SPSS software
•Unpaired T-test, for continuous variables
•Chi-square test, for categorical variables
• Statistical significance defined as p<0.05
Pattern of health behaviour of Portuguese medical students
Normal Body Mass Index 86%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Less than 3 times per fortnight
Never or almost 95%
62%
Weight
Exercise
Smoking
Alcohol
Would like to do more exercise 72%
Are not trying to loose weight 64%
Never or rarely drink 58%
Would not like to reduce what is consumed 89%
Avoid eating aliments rich in saturated fats
Rarely or never add salt to prepared dishes
At least one time per each two/three days
67%
83%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Eating fruit
Brush their teeth two times per day or more
Between six and eight hours 76%
Live with relatives 49%
86%
Residence
Fats
Oral hygiene
Sleeping
Adding salt
64%
Pattern of health behaviour of Portuguese medical students - Continuation
68%
55%
32%
45%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
1.º year
4.º year
Do not or rarely drink
Often drink
Comparison between first and fourth year students – alcoholic drinks
P=0,038
47%
27%
51%
73%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Live with relatives
Do not live with relatives
Good/ reasonab
le
Excellent/ very good
2%
0% Weak
Difference between residency status - Perception of personal health condition
P=0,0025
68%
55%
32%
45%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Live with relatives
Do not live with relatives
Less than three times
More than three times
Difference between residency status - Physical exercise per fortnight
P=0,019
8%
2%
92%
98%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Live with relatives
Do not live with relatives
More than one cigarrett
less than one
cigarrett
Difference between residency - Smoking per day
P=0,029
10%
3%
90%
97%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Live with relatives
Do not live with relatives
One or two
meals
Three or more meals
Difference between residency status - Number of meals per day
P=0,015
21%
12%
79%
88%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Live with relatives
Do not live with relatives
Frequently or
sometimesNever or
rarely
P=0,036
Difference between residency status - Adding salt to food
17%
3%
83%
97%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Live with relatives
Do not live with relatives
Yes
No
P=0,008
Difference between residency status - Reducing the quantity of alcoholic drinks consumed
•New data entry
•Further general comparison
•Analysis of relation between variables
•The third objective has not yet been fulfiled
Geada, M., Justo, J., Santos, S., Steptoe, A., & Wardle, J. (1994). Hábitos de saúde, comportamentos de risco e níveis de saúde física e psicológica em estudantes universitários. Psicologia da Saúde: áreas de intervenção e perspectivas futuras, 157-175.
Piko BF. Does knowledge count? Attitudes toward smoking among medical, nursing, and pharmacy students in Hungary. J Community Health. 2002 Aug;27(4):269
Skemiene L, Ustinaviciene R, Piesine L, Radisauskas R. Peculiarities of medical students' nutrition. Medicina (Kaunas). 2007; 43(2):145-52.
Steptoe, A., & Wardle, J. (1991). The European health and behaviour survey: rationale, methods and initial results form the United Kingdom. Social Sciences Medicine, 33, 925-936.
Steptoe, A., Wardle, J., Cui, W., Bellisle, F., Zotti, A., Baranyai, R., & Sanderman, R. (2002). Trends in smoking , diet, physical exercise and atittudes toward health in European university students from 13 Countries, 1990-2000. Preventive Medicine, 35, 97-104.
Webb, E., Ashton, C. H., Kelly, P. & Kamali, F. (1998). Na update on British medical students’ lifestyles. Medical education, 32, 325-331
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