may’02, trt workshop jack fowler – duke university sem analysis of wire from aging test #7 at...
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May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler – Duke University
SEM Analysis of Wire from Aging Test #7 at
Duke University Jack Fowler
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Module Test Layout
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Duke Wire Samples Analyzed
Xe-CO2 gas volume Wire 14 – Production wire with glass joint
Xe-CF4-CO2 gas volume Wire 19 - Production wire with glass encapsulated joint Wire 20 - Production wire with polyimide joint Wire 22 - Production wire with no joint Wire 23 - Production wire with PEEK joint Wire 31 – Pre-series wire with no wire joint
None of the wires shown were cleaned prior to installation into chamber
Wire analysis Performed at Analytical Instrumentation Facility at North Carolina State University
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 14 Glass Wire Joint
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2
Current - 14.8 A Charge ~ 2.5 to 3.0 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Light deposits of Na and
Cl
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 19 Glass Encapsulated Wire joint
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Current - 16.6 A Charge ~ 2.4 to 2.9 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Few deposits
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 20 Polyimide Wire Joint
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr No visible change
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 14 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2
Glass Wire Joint Current - 14.8 A Charge ~ 2.5 to 3.0 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr No deposits
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 14 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2
Glass Wire Joint Current - 14.8 A Charge ~ 2.5 to 3.0 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 14 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2
Glass Wire Joint Current - 14.8 A Charge ~ 2.5 to 3.0 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Fine Deposits are Na and
Cl
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 19 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Glass Encap Wire Joint Current - 16.6 A Charge ~ 2.4 to 2.9 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Large pores Gold etching and removal
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 19 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Glass Encap Wire Joint Current - 16.6 A Charge ~ 2.4 to 2.9 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr Large pores Gold etching and removal Notice the loss of surface
definition and grain boundaries
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 19 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Glass Encap Wire Joint Current - 16.6 A Charge ~ 2.4 to 2.9 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Large pores Gold etching and removal
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 19 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Glass Encap Wire Joint Current - 16.6 A Charge ~ 2.4 to 2.9 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Large pores Gold etching and removal
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 20 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Large pores Gold etching and removal
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 20 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Large pores Gold etching and removal Again loss of surface
definition
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 20 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Area show at 2 kV beam
energy
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 20 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Surface is covered with
deposits
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 20 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Pores in surface Faint grain boundaries still
present Deposits are mainly Au
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 20 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Discolored region near
wire joint ~700 m
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 20 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Here is the section where
the transition occurs
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 20 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Very heavy gold damage This affect was seen on
both sides of the wire joint.
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 22 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
No Wire Joint Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr Large pores Notice large regions where
it appears that gold surface is uneven, possibly islands removed
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 22 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
No Wire Joint Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Large pores All surfaces appear in the
same condition
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 22 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
No Wire Joint Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Large pores and islands
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 22 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
No Wire Joint Current - 15.4 A Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Large pores
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 23 Segment 3
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
PEEK Wire Joint Current - 7.4 A Charge ~ 0.8 to 1.0C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Fine deposits Grain definition is reduced
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 23 Segment 3
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
PEEK Wire Joint Current - 7.4 A Charge ~ 0.8 to 1.0C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Fine deposits Grain definition is reduced
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 23 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
PEEK Wire Joint Current - 7.4 A Charge ~ 0.8 to 1.0C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Fine deposits Grain definition is reduced
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 23 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
PEEK Wire Joint Current - 7.4 A Charge ~ 0.8 to 1.0C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Fine deposits Grain definition is reduced
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 31 Segment 4
Wire - thin plated preseries
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Current - 8.9 A Charge ~ 1.2 to 1.5 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Large pores Heavy gold damage
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 31 Segment 7
Wire - thin plated preseries
This region was visibly darkened during removal
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Current - 8.9 A Charge ~ 1.2 to 1.5 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Small deposits
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Wire 31 Segment 7
Wire - thin plated preseries
This region was visibly darkened during removal
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Current - 8.9 A Charge ~ 1.2 to 1.5 C/cm Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs Target Flow Rate ~
15cc/hr Small deposits of F
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire Samples Analyzed
Xe-CO2 gas volume Wire 2 – Production wire with polyimide joint
Xe-CF4-CO2 gas volume Wire 18 - Production wire with no joint Wire 19 - Production wire with polyimide joint Wire 39 - Production wire with polyimide joint
None of the wires shown were cleaned prior to installation into chamber
Wire analysis Performed at Analytical Instrumentation Facility at North Carolina State University
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 2 Segment 1
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.4 A Charge ~ 3.3 C/cm Exposed Time – 672 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr C deposits
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 2 Segment 1
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.4 A Charge ~ 3.3 C/cm Exposed Time – 672 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr C deposits and Pores Fine white deposits
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 2 Segment 4
Gas Volume – Xe-CO2
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.4 A Charge ~ 3.3 C/cm Exposed Time – 672 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr C deposits
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 2 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.4 A Charge ~ 3.3 C/cm Exposed Time – 672 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr Few pores Good surface grain
definition
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 2 Segment 7
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.4 A Charge ~ 3.3 C/cm Exposed Time – 672 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr More C deposits than in
earlier segments
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 2 Segment 7
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.4 A Charge ~ 3.3 C/cm Exposed Time – 672 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr More C deposits than in
earlier segments Loss of grain definition
from segment 4
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 18 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
No Wire Joint Current – 1.7A Charge ~ 2.4 C/cm Exposed Time – 408 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr Large C deposits
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 18 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
No Wire Joint Current – 1.7A Charge ~ 2.4 C/cm Exposed Time – 408 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr Large C deposits Some large pores
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 18 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
No Wire Joint Current – 1.7A Charge ~ 2.4 C/cm Exposed Time – 408 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr Some loss of grain
definition
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 19 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.7A Charge ~ 4.0 C/cm Exposed Time – 672 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr C deposits Some small pores Surface is smoother than
wire 18
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 19 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.7A Charge ~ 4.0 C/cm Exposed Time – 672 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr Slight decrease in grain
definition Some small pores
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 19 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.7A Charge ~4.0 C/cm Exposed Time – 672 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr Surface has many small C
deposits Some porosity
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 19 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.7A Charge ~ 4.0 C/cm Exposed Time – 672 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr Small pores around grain
boundaries Some porosity
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 39 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.7A Charge ~ 4.9 C/cm Exposed Time – 816 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr Surface smooth in
appearance Many large C deposits
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 39 Segment 4
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.7A Charge ~ 4.9 C/cm Exposed Time – 816 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr Many C deposits Loss of grain definition
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 39 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.7A Charge ~ 4.9 C/cm Exposed Time – 816 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr Surface smooth in
appearance Large C deposits
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
IU Wire 39 Segment 5
Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4
Polyimide Wire Joint Current – 1.7A Charge ~ 4.9 C/cm Exposed Time – 816 hrs Target Flow Rate ~15
cc/hr Surface is smoother Less grain definition C deposits
May’02, TRT WorkshopJack Fowler, Duke HEP
Summary
It is clear that the wire is damaged in Duke wires and the surface has changed in Indiana wires
Wire damage may be more a function of time exposed to gas as opposed to the amount of accumulated charge
Duke wires have > double the exposure time IU wires have higher accumulated charge
Xe-CO2 wire only exhibit small pores on surface
Xe-CF4-CO2 wires show some heavy damage, both Au removal and deposits
There is trace fluorine detected on the surface of the wire
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