may 15, 20071 a vision for energy sciences at unl breakout group reports
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May 15, 2007 1
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Breakout Group Reports
May 15, 2007 2
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Breakout Group Reports
Group 1: Catalysis and
Metabolic Engineering
Leader(s): Patrick Dussault, Don Weeks
Coordinator: Sara Trickie
May 15, 2007 3
Group 1: Biocatalysis/metabolic engineering
Metabolic EngineeringBetter understanding of plant or
microbe metabolic pathways and pathway manipulation
Use Nebraska commodities (soybeans, corn, wheat) for high value/high energy products – “translational genomics”
May 15, 2007 4
Group 1: Biocatalysis/metabolic engineering
Metabolic EngineeringUse of algae as high oil organism that
has great potential for genetic manipulation
Find a person that can interact productively with existing researchers at UNL to develop practical applications
May 15, 2007 5
Group 1: Biocatalysis/metabolic engineering
Metabolic EngineeringPerhaps bring in a biochemist/
metabolic engineer to work on corn, given the major boost in corn production and corn by-products that will result from ethanol production
May 15, 2007 6
Group 1: Biocatalysis/metabolic engineering
Metabolic EngineeringSummary: Focus on better
understanding carbon flow in plants and, ultimately, apply this for practical purposes.
May 15, 2007 7
Group 1: Biocatalysis/metabolic engineering
CatalysisLikely inorganic catalysis, but opportunities
also in enzyme-based catalysisOpportunities :
Conversions of emerging feedstocksCatalytic upgrading of ethanolLiquid phase chemistry equivalent to classic
gas-phase catalysis (for example, cracking)
May 15, 2007 8
Group 1: Biocatalysis/metabolic engineering
CatalysisTheme:
High-volume biofuel production should optimally be accompanied by high-value co-product chemistry.
Needed FacilitiesHigh through-put screeningMetabolomicsCombichem - ?
May 15, 2007 9
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Breakout Group Reports
Group 2: Integrated Biorefinery Systems
Leader(s): Milford Hanna, David Jackson
Coordinator: John Hay
May 15, 2007 10
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Breakout Group Reports
Group 2: Integrated Biorefinery Systems
Leader(s): Milford Hanna, David Jackson
Coordinator: John Hay
May 15, 2007 11
Group 2: Integrated Biorefinery SystemsProposed Focus Areas: Primary emphasis on corn
based ethanol and integrated technologies including Fractionation Gasification Biodiesel production
Co-products of biofuel production Expand range of uses
Biorefinery Course Undergraduate/Graduate
Understanding the Nutrient Flow through the corn ethanol production system including Feedstocks Co-product fractions
May 15, 2007 12
Group 2: Integrated Biorefinery Systems
Funding sources?First, we need to develop a compelling
vision Faculty positions and expertise
needed?Other needed resources and
infrastructure?Compile existing capabilities
May 15, 2007 13
Group 2: Integrated Biorefinery Systems
Group will meet again to discuss a vision of integrated biorefinery research at UNL
May 15, 2007 14
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Breakout Group Reports
Group 3: Carbon Sequestration, Climate Change & Sustainability of Biofuel Systems
Leader(s): Shashi Verma
Coordinator: Tisha Mullen
May 15, 2007May 15, 2007 1515
Carbon Sequestration, Climate Carbon Sequestration, Climate ChangeChange
&&Sustainability of Biofuel SystemsSustainability of Biofuel Systems
Energy Science Retreat_May 15, 2007
May 15, 2007May 15, 2007 1616
Atmospheric CO2 Concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory
Potential Effects:Potential Effects: Global Climate PatternsGlobal Climate Patterns Functioning of Terrestrial Functioning of Terrestrial
EcosystemsEcosystems
Mitigation Options:Mitigation Options: Reduce Carbon Dioxide EmissionsReduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions Remove Carbon Dioxide from the Remove Carbon Dioxide from the
Atmosphere – Increase Carbon Stored in the Atmosphere – Increase Carbon Stored in the Soil (“Carbon Sequestration”)Soil (“Carbon Sequestration”)
Use of BiofuelsUse of Biofuels
May 15, 2007May 15, 2007 1717
CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOFUEL SYSTEMS
Discussion TopicsOverall Goal: Create environmentally friendly, sustainable, and economically
viable biofuels systems that support our needs for food, feed, and fuel.
Objectives:Objectives:
Develop fundamental quantitative understanding of carbon, Develop fundamental quantitative understanding of carbon, energy, nutrient, and water cycles in major biofuel systems to energy, nutrient, and water cycles in major biofuel systems to achieve long-term environmental and economic sustainability.achieve long-term environmental and economic sustainability.
Use a combination of small-scale plots and production-scale Use a combination of small-scale plots and production-scale facilities in an integrated, holistic approach to obtain relevant facilities in an integrated, holistic approach to obtain relevant data on how biofuel cropping systems, livestock feeding data on how biofuel cropping systems, livestock feeding operations, and bio-processing facilities influence food and operations, and bio-processing facilities influence food and feedstock supply and environmental impact.feedstock supply and environmental impact.
May 15, 2007May 15, 2007 1818
CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOFUEL SYSTEMSSUSTAINABILITY OF BIOFUEL SYSTEMS
Discussion TopicsDiscussion TopicsOverall Goal:Overall Goal: Create environmentally friendly, sustainable, and Create environmentally friendly, sustainable, and
economically viable biofuels systems that support our needs for food, economically viable biofuels systems that support our needs for food, feed, and fuel.feed, and fuel.
Objectives (cont.):Objectives (cont.):
Accurately quantify the amounts of net carbon sequestered and Accurately quantify the amounts of net carbon sequestered and trading value in a variety of major biofuel cropping systems. trading value in a variety of major biofuel cropping systems. Conduct full carbon cost accounting (including all greenhouse gas Conduct full carbon cost accounting (including all greenhouse gas emissions) and determine the net global warming potential.emissions) and determine the net global warming potential.
Management and use of co-products in a cost-effective manner Management and use of co-products in a cost-effective manner that protects soil, air, and water quality. Reduce environmental that protects soil, air, and water quality. Reduce environmental challenges related to biofuels co-products use by grazing and challenges related to biofuels co-products use by grazing and confined livestock. Compare water and energy use with and confined livestock. Compare water and energy use with and without co-products as well as mitigate N, P, and other nutrient without co-products as well as mitigate N, P, and other nutrient challenges.challenges.
May 15, 2007May 15, 2007 1919
Carbon Sequestration Research Facilityat the UNL Agricultural Research and Development Center, Mead
Site 1 Irrigated
Continuous Maize
Site 2 IrrigatedMaize – Soybean
Site 3 RainfedMaize – Soybean
May 15, 2007May 15, 2007 2020
Co-Principal Investigators
Shashi B. Verma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . School of Natural Resources Kenneth G. Cassman. . . . . . . . . . . Agronomy and Horticulture
Co-Investigators
Timothy J. Arkebauer. . . . . . . . . . . Agronomy and HorticultureAchim Dobermann. . . . . . . . . . . . . Agronomy and Horticulture Anatoly A. Gitelson . . . . . . . . . . . School of Natural ResourcesKenneth G. Hubbard . . . . . . . . . . School of Natural ResourcesJohannes M. Knops. . . . . . . . . . . School or Biological SciencesGary D. Lynne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agricultural EconomicsDerrel L. Martin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biological Systems EngineeringDonald C. Rundquist. . . . . . . . . . . School of Natural ResourcesMadhavan Soundararajan. . . . . . . BiochemistryAndrew E. Suyker . . . . . . . . . . . . . School of Natural ResourcesElizabeth A. Walter-Shea . . . . . . . School of Natural ResourcesDaniel T. Walters . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agronomy and HorticultureHaishun Yang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agronomy and Horticulture
Carbon Sequestration Program
May 15, 2007May 15, 2007 2121
Carbon Cycle and Biofuel Energy Carbon Cycle and Biofuel Energy Research Activities: Research Activities:
Agronomy and HorticultureAgronomy and Horticulture
Soil carbon sequestration:Soil carbon sequestration: Cassman, Dobermann, Yang, Arkebauer and Walters Cassman, Dobermann, Yang, Arkebauer and Walters
Ecology of perennial grassland systems: Ecology of perennial grassland systems: Schacht and ArkebauerSchacht and Arkebauer
Perennial crop management and carbon budgets - cellulosic biomass:Perennial crop management and carbon budgets - cellulosic biomass: Schacht Schacht
Soil organic matter dynamics and modeling:Soil organic matter dynamics and modeling: Yang, Cassman, Walters, Drijber and Yang, Cassman, Walters, Drijber and WortmannWortmann
Greenhouse trace gas emissions from agricultural systems:Greenhouse trace gas emissions from agricultural systems: Dobermann, Drijber Dobermann, Drijber and Arkebauerand Arkebauer
Full C cost accounting of biofuel systems:Full C cost accounting of biofuel systems: Walters, Yang, Liska and Cassman Walters, Yang, Liska and Cassman
Biofuel energy systems simulation:Biofuel energy systems simulation: Liska, Cassman, Yang and Walters Liska, Cassman, Yang and Walters
Transformation and breeding of oil, starch and sugar energy crops:Transformation and breeding of oil, starch and sugar energy crops: Clemente and Clemente and Dweikat Dweikat
May 15, 2007May 15, 2007 2222
Carbon Cycle and Biofuel Energy Carbon Cycle and Biofuel Energy Research Activities: USDA – ARS, Research Activities: USDA – ARS,
Lincoln, NELincoln, NE
Soil carbon sequestration:Soil carbon sequestration: Varvel and Wienhold Varvel and Wienhold
REAP (Renewable Energy Assessment Project) -REAP (Renewable Energy Assessment Project) - Development of Development of sustainable residue removal management practices: sustainable residue removal management practices: Wilhelm, Wilhelm, Varvel and VogelVarvel and Vogel
Cellulosic biomass harvest technologies: Cellulosic biomass harvest technologies: Wilhelm and VarvelWilhelm and Varvel
Soil organic matter dynamics and soil quality under cellulosic Soil organic matter dynamics and soil quality under cellulosic biomass removal: biomass removal: Wienhold, Wilhelm and VarvelWienhold, Wilhelm and Varvel
Energy balance and net energy yield using switchgrass as a Energy balance and net energy yield using switchgrass as a cellulosic feedstock for ethanol production: cellulosic feedstock for ethanol production: Vogel, Wilhelm and Vogel, Wilhelm and VarvelVarvel
Switchgrass breeding for enhanced conversion efficiency and Switchgrass breeding for enhanced conversion efficiency and climate adaptation: climate adaptation: Vogel, Pedersen and SarathVogel, Pedersen and Sarath
May 15, 2007May 15, 2007 2323
Biofuels Feed Byproducts Biofuels Feed Byproducts Research Activities Research Activities
Animal Science DepartmentAnimal Science DepartmentBeef CattleBeef Cattle Evaluation of different byproduct types.Evaluation of different byproduct types. Evaluation of ratio of distillers grains to distillers solubles for growing Evaluation of ratio of distillers grains to distillers solubles for growing
and finishing cattle.and finishing cattle. Methods to feed greater amounts (greater than 50%).Methods to feed greater amounts (greater than 50%). Impact of feeding byproducts on environmental challenges.Impact of feeding byproducts on environmental challenges. Use of byproducts in forage situations.Use of byproducts in forage situations. Optimizing other dietary ingredients (grain type, forages, etc.) in Optimizing other dietary ingredients (grain type, forages, etc.) in
combination with byproducts.combination with byproducts. Methods of storage of wet byproducts for smaller producers and Methods of storage of wet byproducts for smaller producers and
ranchers.ranchers. Economic impacts of utilizing byproducts.Economic impacts of utilizing byproducts.
Dairy CattleDairy Cattle Evaluation of different byproduct types.Evaluation of different byproduct types. Optimizing other dietary ingredients in dairy rations containing Optimizing other dietary ingredients in dairy rations containing
byproducts.byproducts. Evaluation of methods to increase inclusion and impact on milk Evaluation of methods to increase inclusion and impact on milk
quality.quality.
May 15, 2007May 15, 2007 2424
Carbon Cycle Research ActivitiesSchool of Natural Resources
Tower eddy covariance fluxes of CO2, water vapor and energy: Verma and Suyker
Monitoring soil water: Hubbard
Remote sensing of CO2 fluxes, leaf area index and green leaf biomass: Gitelson and Walter-Shea
Sandhills biocomplexity project – aboveground plant productivity, root biomass and soil C stores: Wedin
Carbon sequestration in agroforestry: Brandle
May 15, 2007May 15, 2007 2525
Carbon Cycle Research ActivitiesSchool of Biological Sciences
Litter decomposition in maize-based cropping systems: Knops
Prairie succession - quantify vegetation change, productivity and soil C and N accumulation: Knops
Elevated CO2, increased N deposition and plant diversity in prairies - quantify the impact of global change on the productivity, decomposition and soil C and N: Knops
Department of Biochemistry
Using carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry to separate the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of soil respiration: Soundararajan
May 15, 2007 26
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Breakout Group Reports
Group 4: 21st Century Power
Generating SystemsLeader(s): Jerry Hudgins
Coordinator: Nathan Meier
May 15, 2007 27
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Breakout Group Reports
Group 4: 21st Century Power
Generating SystemsLeader(s): Jerry Hudgins
Coordinator: Nathan Meier
May 15, 2007 28
Group 4: 21st Century Power Generating Systems
Electric power production and transportation power are the top demands for future energy.
Focus: efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, provide stable and secure grid & meet demand distributed supply demand
Storage issues
May 15, 2007 29
Group 4: 21st Century Power Generating Systems
Our power generating systems are impeded by policy.
Many technologies are sufficiently developed that could improve generation systems if policy (e.g., federal, state) shifted.
May 15, 2007 30
Group 4: 21st Century Power Generating Systems
We expect distributed systems to come to fruition.
These distributed system architectures could be grid connected (e.g., local area networks) or stand alone.
May 15, 2007 31
Group 4: 21st Century Power Generating Systems
A number of technical hurdles impede improvements to power generation capabilities. These include:StorageCombustion
May 15, 2007 32
Group 4: 21st Century Power Generating Systems
StorageHydrogen
Bonding (attachment and detachment)
Nano materials Hydrogen storageBatteries
May 15, 2007 33
Group 4: 21st Century Power Generating Systems
CombustionKinetics of ethanol and other
hydrocarbons
May 15, 2007 34
Group 4: 21st Century Power Generating Systems
Reformers (fuel cells) utilizing fuels such as ethanol and methanol
Microbial fuel cells
May 15, 2007 35
Group 4: 21st Century Power Generating Systems
Co-generation plants to improve efficiencyHeat for associated chemical and
biological plant operation
Informal science (public) education programs
May 15, 2007 36
Group 4: 21st Century Power Generating Systems
Gaps in current expertise:Nuclear chemistryElectrochemistry
Cooperation between university and industry to affect appropriate policy changes.
May 15, 2007 37
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Breakout Group Reports
Group 5: Energy Efficient Architecture &
Environmental Control Systems
Leader(s): Wayne Drummond, Bing Chen
Coordinator: Marla Rohrke
May 15, 2007 38
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Breakout Group Reports
Group 5: Energy Efficient Architecture &
Environmental Control Systems
Leader(s): Wayne Drummond, Bing Chen
Coordinator: Marla Rohrke
May 15, 2007 39
Group 5: Architecture & Control Systems
Conservation as “new energy”Bring together faculty expertise in
appropriate disciplines – Such as Architecture, Engineering, Computer Science, Social Studies, Physics
Create a coordinated and nationally recognized program
May 15, 2007 40
Group 5: Architecture & Control Systems
Universal Building Energy ObservatoryConservation
Beyond Green. Don’t repeat mistakes of the 70s and 80s. Prius – “cool”
Link energy efficiency and profitabilityImprove efficiency and change behaviorStrong education and student
involvement components (University Academy)
May 15, 2007 41
Group 5: Architecture & Control Systems
Bring group togetherEmail communicationInitial list of topics for discussionFirst step project – Universal
House DemonstrationSite-specific and mobile related to
educationMaterial and sensory technologies
May 15, 2007 42
Group 5: Architecture & Control Systems
Funding – DOE, USDA, EPA, ASHRAE,NSF, DOD, DOC, CA Energy Commission, FIPSE, NEO, NE Home Builders Association
Congressional delegation, legislaturePartnerships with industries, NIFA,
AIA, NPPD,OPPDOther needed resources and
infrastructure to be identified
May 15, 2007 43
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Breakout Group Reports
Group 6: Energy Sciences Minor
Leader: Ron Yoder
Coordinator: Liz Banset
May 15, 2007 44
Group 6: Energy Sciences Minor
• Intended for students in all disciplines, including arts and humanities
• Get students excited enough to encourage them to take the requisite science courses
• Provide minor for students whose interest is piqued by need to develop alternative energy sources or by need to manage energy resources
• Learn about role & function of energy in society; environmental challenges
• Attract students majoring in non-science, science and engineering disciplines through all Colleges that choose to participate.
May 15, 2007 45
Group 6: Energy Sciences Minor
Requires 18 hours : Introductory core courses (9 hours)
Higher-level, discipline-oriented
electives (9 hours) “Enrichment” courses (up to 3
hours)
May 15, 2007 46
Energy in Society (3)
Introduction to
Energy Systems (3)
Economics,Policy, and
Human Dimensions*
Natural Resources*
Plant and Animal
Bioenergy Systems*
Engineering*
Energy Economics
and theEnvironment (3)
Nebraska Energy Tour (1), optionalEnergy Seminar (1), requiredIndependent Energy Study (1), optional
*Student chooses three courses (all are 3 credit-hour) from one, or more, of these listsCredit hours shown in parentheses
Core Curriculum (9)
Electives (9)
Three 1-unit “enrichment” courses
Energy Science Minor
May 15, 2007 47
Group 6: Energy Sciences Minor
Funding sources?NSF, Dept of Energy, Dept of Ed
Faculty positions and expertise needed?No new positions; create three basic courses;
identify existing courses and develop some new ones to include as electives
Other needed resources and infrastructure?Marketing strategyPossible scholarships
May 15, 2007 48
Group 6: Energy Sciences Minor
Timetable: First course offered Fall 2008
Workshop to be held in August 2007
May 15, 2007 49
Group 6: Energy Sciences Minor
University-wide minor Learn about role & function of energy in
society; environmental challengesAttract students majoring in non-science,
science and engineering disciplines through all Colleges that choose to participate.
May 15, 2007 50
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Breakout Group Reports
Group 7: Opportunities in Other Areas
Leader: Sandra Scofield
Coordinator: Ann Selzer
May 15, 2007 51
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Breakout Group Reports
Group 7: Opportunities in Other Areas
Leader: Sandra Scofield
Coordinator: Ann Selzer
May 15, 2007 52
Group 7: Opportunities In Other Areas
Focus AREA: Develop analysis, tools and strategies to encourage and foster a sustainable energy future for use by Nebraska citizens and decision makers.
May 15, 2007 53
Group 7: Opportunities In Other Areas
JUSTIFICATION:• Need a comprehensive approach to maximize energy
resources for economic benefits while avoiding unintended consequences
• Current lack of models and tools to make informed decisions
• Numerous implications of a growing renewable sector in Nebraska. (workforce, community impacts, natural resources impacts, economic development opportunities; and health, well-being and quality of life issues
May 15, 2007 54
Group 7: Opportunities In Other Areas
• Need inventory of Nebraska energy assets
• Need to compile inventories of other Nebraska assets and information relevant to future planning; translate all into useful tools for decision-making
• We still have time to do it right!
May 15, 2007 55
Group 7: Opportunities In Other Areas
• FUNDING SOURCES: USDA, DOE, NSF• FACULTY EXPERTISE NEEDED: Economists, Architects, Community & Regional
Planners, Sociologists, Psychologists; Law; Political Science, Communication Studies; Leadership Studies; engineering; scientists in water, energy and soils and crop production.
• OTHER EXPERTISE NEEDED: State and federal agencies, NPPD and other
utilities, community and state stakeholders and decision makers.
May 15, 2007 56
A Vision for Energy Sciences at UNL
Closing Remarks
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