matter. stuff that objects are made of anything that has mass and volume 3 types –elements...
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Matter
Matter• Stuff that objects are made of• Anything that has mass and volume• 3 Types
– Elements– Compounds– Mixtures
Phases of Matter• Solids• Liquids• Gases
• Animation
Solids• Definite Shape and Volume• Strong Intermolecular Forces• Particles are close together• Particles are arranged in neat,
orderly lines• Particles do move – shake, vibrate
– Animation
• High melting and boiling points• Designated by (s)
Examples: – Au(s), Fe(s) , H2O(s)
Liquids• Indefinite Shape• Definite Volume• Midrange Intermolecular
Forces• Particles are somewhat close
together• Flow freely • Designated by (l)
Examples: – Br(l), Hg(l), H2O(l)
Gases• NO definite Shape or Volume
– Particles will spread out to fill the shape and volume of a container
• Weak Intermolecular Forces• Particles are far apart• Particles are very disorganized• Particles quickly move all over• Low melting and boiling points• Designated by (g)
Examples: – Ne(g), O2(g) , H2O(g)
Melting and Boiling Points• Use Reference Table S to find the melting and
boiling points of a solid, a liquid, and a gas
Element Melting Point Boiling Point
Solid
Liquid
Gas
• Write a general statement about how boiling point relates to phase.
Physical Properties– Characteristics that can be observed without
changing the identity of the substance (no new substance is formed)
• Examples: Color, Hardness, melting point
Physical Changes– Changes that occur without changing the
identity of the substance• Examples: Cutting, Ripping, Phase Changes
Chemical Properties– Characteristics that canNOT be observed
without changing the identity of the substance (a new substance is formed)
• Examples: Reactivity, Flammability
Chemical Changes– A change that results in a new substance
• Examples: Burning, Rusting
• Physical/Chemical Change Song
Physical/Chemical Physical/Chemical ExamplesExamplesIndicate if each of the following is physical or Indicate if each of the following is physical or
chemicalchemical
1.1. The boiling point of water is 100The boiling point of water is 100ooC.C.2.2. Antacids will neutralize stomach acid.Antacids will neutralize stomach acid.3.3. Diamonds will cut glass.Diamonds will cut glass.4.4. Most metals conduct electricity.Most metals conduct electricity.
5.5. The density of NHThe density of NH33 is 0.77g/L. is 0.77g/L. 6.6. Solution A and B are reacted together and Solution A and B are reacted together and
a precipitate (solid) is formed. a precipitate (solid) is formed.
7.7. 2 H2 H22(g) + O(g) + O22(g) → 2 H(g) → 2 H22O(l)O(l)
8.8. HH22O(l) → HO(l) → H22O(g)O(g)
Classification of MatterClassification of Matter All matter can be classified as one of All matter can be classified as one of
the following: the following: – ElementsElements
– Compounds Compounds
– MixturesMixtures
All matter can be described as: All matter can be described as: – Homogeneous Homogeneous – uniform throughout– uniform throughout– HeterogeneousHeterogeneous – different throughout – different throughout
Classify the following as homogeneous or Classify the following as homogeneous or heterogeneousheterogeneous
1.1. A glass of waterA glass of water
2.2. Italian salad dressingItalian salad dressing
3.3. Turkey and gravyTurkey and gravy
4.4. MilkMilk
5.5. Orange juice with pulpOrange juice with pulp
6.6. Orange juice without pulpOrange juice without pulp
SubstancesSubstances
Type of Matter – Element, CompoundType of Matter – Element, Compound All samples have identical properties and All samples have identical properties and
composition composition They are homogeneousThey are homogeneous
ElementsElements
Composed entirely of atoms with the Composed entirely of atoms with the same atomic numbersame atomic number
Cannot be decomposedCannot be decomposed Found on the Periodic TableFound on the Periodic Table Begin with a capital letterBegin with a capital letter HomogeneousHomogeneous Examples: Cu, Fe, OExamples: Cu, Fe, O22, Ne, Ne
– Diatomic Element = contains two of the Diatomic Element = contains two of the same atoms (Osame atoms (O22, H, H22))
CompoundsCompounds
Composed of at least 2 different Composed of at least 2 different elementselements
Elements are chemically combined Elements are chemically combined (bonded) (bonded)
HomogeneousHomogeneous
CompoundsCompounds
Can be decomposed (by chemical means) Can be decomposed (by chemical means) into 2 or more elementsinto 2 or more elements– Electrolysis, Reactions Electrolysis, Reactions
The properties of the component elements The properties of the component elements are usually very different from the properties are usually very different from the properties of the compoundof the compound
Combined in a definite ratioCombined in a definite ratio– In Sodium Chloride (NaCl) the Na and Cl must In Sodium Chloride (NaCl) the Na and Cl must
combine in a 1:1 ratiocombine in a 1:1 ratio
Examples: MgO, HExamples: MgO, H22O, NaClO, NaCl– Binary Compound = contains 2 different elementsBinary Compound = contains 2 different elements
• Compare and contrast elements and compounds.
Elements Compounds
Both
MixturesMixtures
Combination of 2 or more Combination of 2 or more substancessubstances
No chemical change occurs (No No chemical change occurs (No bond is formed)bond is formed)
MixturesMixtures
Parts retain their individual Parts retain their individual propertiesproperties
Can be separated by physical means Can be separated by physical means – Filtering, Magnetism, Distillation, Filtering, Magnetism, Distillation,
Density Density Can combine in varying ratiosCan combine in varying ratios
– The amount of salt in salt water can The amount of salt in salt water can varyvary
MixturesMixtures
Can be heterogeneous Can be heterogeneous – Concrete, Dirt, Chocolate Chip Concrete, Dirt, Chocolate Chip
CookieCookie Can be homogeneousCan be homogeneous
– Gases (Air)Gases (Air)– Aqueous Solutions – a solution made Aqueous Solutions – a solution made
with waterwith water NaCl(aq) = salt is dissolved in waterNaCl(aq) = salt is dissolved in water
Law of Conservation of Matter
• Matter cannot be created or destroyed
Law of Conservation of Mass
• Mass cannot be created or destroyed
• The mass before a reaction must be equal to the mass after the reaction
Law of Conservation of Energy
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed• The amount of energy remains constant, however it may
transfer forms
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyN9y0BEMqc
Exothermic Reactions
•Heat is released• Heat is a product
• Surroundings will feel warm
Endothermic Reactions
•Heat is absorbed• Heat is a reactant
• Surroundings will feel cold
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