matter and change. what is matter? matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. mass is...
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What is Matter?What is Matter?
MatterMatter is is anything anything that takes up that takes up space and space and has mass.has mass.
MassMass is the is the amount of amount of matter in an matter in an object.object.
Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
A property that A property that can be can be
observed and observed and measured measured without without
changing the changing the substance.substance.
Physical PropertiesPhysical PropertiesWhat are some What are some
physical properties?physical properties?
• melting point
• boiling point
• density
• solubility
• specific heat
Examples:
• luster
• malleability: the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet
• ductility: the ability to be stretched into a wire
Physical Physical ChangesChanges
A change in a A change in a substance substance
that does not that does not change the change the
identity of the identity of the substancesubstance
Physical ChangesPhysical ChangesSome Some physical physical
changes changes would bewould be
boilingboiling of a liquidof a liquidmelting melting of a solidof a soliddissolving dissolving a solid in a a solid in a
liquid to give a liquid to give a homogeneous mixture homogeneous mixture — a SOLUTION.— a SOLUTION.
States of MatterSubstanc
eShape Volume Particle
Movement
Liquid Indefinite Definite Free to move pass each other
Solid Definite Definite Fixed particles(Vibrate)
Gas Indefinite Indefinite Movement is faster & far apart
Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties
Chemical Properties- Chemical Properties- a property that a property that can only be observed by changing can only be observed by changing the type of substance. the type of substance.
Chemical Change or Chemical Change or Chemical ReactionChemical Reaction
Transformation of one Transformation of one or more substances or more substances into a different into a different substance with substance with different properties.different properties.
You can not get the You can not get the original substance backoriginal substance back
Likely Signs of Likely Signs of a Chemical Changea Chemical Change
Heat producedHeat produced
Light producedLight produced
Production of a gasProduction of a gas
Color changeColor change
Odor Odor
Formation of a Formation of a precipitateprecipitate – a solid – a solid formed by mixing formed by mixing two liquids togethertwo liquids together
Chemical Change or Chemical Change or Chemical ReactionChemical Reaction
Examples of a chemical changeExamples of a chemical change::
Iron rusts or oxidizesIron rusts or oxidizes
Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide hydroxide
Neutralization of acid with a base Neutralization of acid with a base
Grass growing in a lawn (Photosynthesis)Grass growing in a lawn (Photosynthesis)
Electrolysis of waterElectrolysis of water
Hydrolysis of waterHydrolysis of water
Physical vs Chemical
melt/boil/evaporate
Dissolve
Chop/grind/tear
Easily reversed.
Does not absorb or release energy.
Does NOT lose its identity (still there)
Color(paint)/bend/twist
Chemical Change Verbs
Digest
Cook/bake/fry
Rust/corrode
Oxidize/reduce
Rot/spoil
Decompose/decay
Not easily reversed
Energy absorbed or released.
Burn/combust/ignite
Electrolysis or Hydrolysis
Physical Change Verbs
Learning CheckLearning CheckPhysical or Chemical Physical or Chemical
Property?Property?
melting pointmelting point
flammableflammable
densitydensity
magneticmagnetic
tarnishes in airtarnishes in air
solubility solubility
PhysicalPhysical
ChemicalChemical
PhysicalPhysical
PhysicalPhysical
ChemicalChemical
Physical Physical
Exit ticketExit ticketPhysical or Chemical Change?Physical or Chemical Change?
1. Potassium chlorate 1. Potassium chlorate
decomposingdecomposing
2. dissolving in water2. dissolving in water
3. burning a log3. burning a log
4. water evaporating4. water evaporating
5. grinding spices5. grinding spices
6. formation of a precipitate6. formation of a precipitate
7. Boiling water7. Boiling water
Chemical
Physical
Chemical
Physical
Physical
Chemical
Physical
Cla
ssifi
cati
on o
f
Cla
ssifi
cati
on o
f Pr
opert
ies
Propert
ies
Extensive propertiesExtensive properties
Depend upon the Depend upon the amount of matter amount of matter presentpresent
Ex: mass, volume, Ex: mass, volume, heat energy, lengthheat energy, length
Cla
ssifi
cati
on o
f
Cla
ssifi
cati
on o
f Pr
opert
ies
Propert
ies Intensive propertiesIntensive properties
Do not depend upon Do not depend upon the amount of the amount of matter present, and matter present, and remains constantremains constant
Ex: density, boiling, Ex: density, boiling, freezing, melting freezing, melting points, conductivity, points, conductivity, solubility, solubility, magnetism magnetism
Matter FlowchartMatter Flowchart
Compound
PURE SUBSTANCE
Can it be chemically decomposed?
noyes
Element
One type of Pure One type of Pure SubstanceSubstance
ElementsElements- simplest kind - simplest kind of matterof matter
All one kind of atomAll one kind of atom
110 named elements110 named elements
H, O, Cu, Fe, He, NeH, O, Cu, Fe, He, Ne
Based on this definition is HBased on this definition is H22 an element?an element?
The other type of Pure The other type of Pure SubstanceSubstance
Compounds are substances that can be Compounds are substances that can be broken down by a chemical changebroken down by a chemical change
Atoms of two or more different elements Atoms of two or more different elements that have been combined in a fixed that have been combined in a fixed proportion. proportion.
HH22O, NaCl, CaCOO, NaCl, CaCO33,,
Ele
men
t or
Com
pou
nd Sucrose-
Copper-
Hydrochloric acid-
Copper(II) chloride-
Oxygen-
Potassium-
C6H12O6
Cu
HCl
CuCl2
O2
K
CompoundElement
Compound
Compound
Element
Element
Matter FlowchartMatter Flowchart
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
MIXTURE
Is the composition uniform?
noyes
MixturesMixturesMade up of two or Made up of two or
more substances.more substances.
Heterogeneous-Heterogeneous- mixture is not mixture is not uniform in uniform in compositioncomposition
Hetero means Hetero means different different
Mix
ture
Mix
ture ss
Homogeneous- Homogeneous- same composition same composition throughout.throughout.
SolutionSolution – a homogenous mixture with – a homogenous mixture with particles so small they cannot be seen with particles so small they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their containerbottom of their container
Example: Vinegar, cola, apple juiceExample: Vinegar, cola, apple juice
Allo
ys Alloy- homogeneous
mixture composed of 2 or more metal elements
Examples
Steel – Fe , C, Cr, Ni
Brass – Cu & Zn
14K, 10K, 18K Gold
Hom
og
en
eou
s or
Hete
rog
en
eou
s Milk-
Sugar water-
Trail mix-
Salt water solution-
Steel-
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Homogeneous
Ele
ment,
Com
pound,
Hete
rogeneous,
or
Hom
ogeneous Titanium-
Copper(II) sulfate-
Cheeseburger-
Calcium chloride -
Lithium nitrate solution-
Calcium-
Acetone-(nail polish Remover)-
Brass-
Element
Compound
Hetero Mixture
Compound
Homo Mixture
Element
Homo mixture
Homo mixture-alloy
Ele
ment,
Com
pound,
Hete
rogeneous,
or
Hom
ogeneous
CompoundTwo different elements
Coke and ketchupHomogeneous
Mixture
Hetero mixtureElement- O2
Matter FlowchartMatter Flowchart
MATTER
Can it be physically separated?
yes no
Can it be chemically decomposed?
noyesIs the composition uniform?
noyes
Matter FlowchartMatter Flowchart
MATTER
Can it be physically separated?
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture Compound
MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE
yes no
Can it be chemically decomposed?
noyesIs the composition uniform?
noyes
Element
Separa
tion
Separa
tion
Tech
niq
ues
Tech
niq
ues
Filtration-physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids
Fract
ion
al
Dis
tilla
tion the separation of a mixture
into its component parts, or fractions, using their boiling point and heating them to different temperatures
Chro
mato
gra
phy
Chro
mato
gra
phy
techniques for the
techniques for the separation of
separation of mixtures. The various
mixtures. The various
constituents of the
constituents of the mixture travel at
mixture travel at different speeds,
different speeds, causing them to
causing them to separate. separate.
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