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Mathematics in Islamic Society
Becca and Hank
The Role of Math
• Scholars• Contributions in other areas of study• Universities• Math for the sake of Math• Some had government positions• Arabic numerals• From simple to complex concepts
Islamic Mathematics
• Islamic algebra based on Greek and Hindu foundations
• Many believed that through numbers-ascend into higher world
Apply Math to Science
• Astronomical table• Direction of Mecca• Schedule 5 daily prayers• Fix holy days on lunar calendar
• Navigate monsoon swept Indian Ocean
Apply Math to Science
• Water clocks, water wheels, irrigation
• Geometry and algebra in optics• Trigonometry refine earth-center
picture of Ptolemy
Tracing Mathematic progression throughout
the Islamic era and development of concepts
that we still use today
MOHAMMAD BIN MUSA AL-KHAWARIZMI
• Father of algebra• Analytical solutions to linear and
quadratic equations• Zero• Decimals• Algorithms-formal procedure of
calculating• Introduce “Arabic numerals”• Trigonometry tables-sine
MOHAMMAD BIN MUSA AL-KHAWARIZMI
• Geometric representation of conic sections
• Calculus of two errors• Collaborate with Mamun
al-Rashid on degree measurement
YAQUB IBN ISHAQ AL-KINDI
• 4 books on number system• Foundations of modern arithmetic • Spherical geometry-astronomy
JAMSHID AL-KASHI
• Al-Kashi’s greatest contribution was the calculation of Pi
• He calculated that Pi was 3.1459265358979325 the only digit wrong in this approximation was the five at the end.
THABIT IBN QURRA
• Traditional geometry and geometric algebra
• Theories• Non-Euclidean geometry• Spherical trigonometry• Real numbers• Integral calculus
THABIT IBN QURRA
• Apply arithmetical terminology to geometric quantities
• Study conic section-parabola and ellipse
• Determine surfaces and volumes
ABUL WAFA MUHAMMAD AL-BUZJA
• Geometry• Use compass• Square equivalent to other squares• Regular polyhedra• Regular hexagon and equliateral triangle• Parabola by points• Geometric solution to
• x^4=a and x^4+ax^3=b
ABUL WAFA MUHAMMAD AL-BUZJA
• Trigonometry• Relate sine theorem to spherical triangles• New method of sine tables• Sin30 correct to eighth decimal place• 2 sin2 (a/2) = 1 - cos a andsin a = 2 sin
(a/2) cos (a/2) developed• Table of tangents• Secant and cosecant
OMAR AL-KHAYYAM
• Algebra• Classify equations-based on complexity,
degree, number of terms• Offer solutions-cubic equations• Binomial theorem, binomial coefficients• Contribute to theory of parallel lines
NASIR AL-DIN AL-TUSI
• Trigonometry• Compiled as a subject of study• 6 formulas for the solutions of
spherical right angle triangles
Location of Mathematicians
• Born throughout Islamic Empire• Turkey, Nishapur, Aral Sea• All flourished in Baghdad
Bibliography
• “The Islamic Tradition.” John B. Christopher. Harper and Row Publishers. 1972. p 123-125.
• “Great Moments in Mathematics, Before 1650.” Howard Eves. The Mathematical Association of America. 1983. p 160.
• http://www.ummah.net/history/scholars/
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