material and appli ed research in ŘeŽ neutron physics laboratory
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MATERIAL AND APPLIED RESEARCHIN ŘEŽ NEUTRON PHYSICS LABORATORY
Petr Lukáš et al.Nuclear Physics Institute, 250 68 Řež
Czech Republic
reactor power 10 MW
thermal flux in the core 1.5 1018 ns-1m-2
beam tube 1 1013 ns-1m-2
fuel enrichment 36% 235U
tank type
light water moderated and cooled
Reactor LVR 15, NRI Řež p.l.c.Reactor LVR 15, NRI Řež p.l.c.
Neutron diffraction laboratory, NPI ŘežNeutron diffraction laboratory, NPI Řež
B ó ro v á z á c h y to v á te ra p ie
10 2 m
T K S N -4 0 0
S A N S
v íc e ú č e lo v ý d if ra k to m e tr
S P N -1 0 0n e u tro n o v o d
K S N -2
H K 9
H K 8-a
H K 8-b
H K 6
H K 3
H K 2
H K 4 p rá šk o v ýd ifra k to m e tr
Investigation of stress fields around Investigation of stress fields around weld jointsweld joints
Non destructive examination Non destructive examination of residual stresses of residual stresses by neutron diffractionby neutron diffraction
in collaboration with dr L. Mráz, Welding Research Institute, Bratislava, SK
SStresstress fields around weld joints fields around weld joints
CC SiSi MnMn P S Cr Ni Mo
0.102 - 0.76 - - 0.27 3.94 0.24
CC SiSi MnMn P S Cr Ni Mo
0.144 0.314 1.004 0.006 0.0013 0.372 0.057 0.019
VV TiTi CuCu Al Nb B N Ca
0. 47 0.015 0.016 0.0043 0.020 0.0015 0.005 0.024
Chemical composition of the WELDOX700 steel (weight %)Chemical composition of the WELDOX700 steel (weight %)
Chemical composition of the weld metal (weight %)Chemical composition of the weld metal (weight %)
10
x
300
75
150
3
z
y
2mm
2 m m
weld metal corrections
SStresstress fields around weld joints fields around weld joints
Plate 15Ch2MFA, 7 mm thicknesswelding material Inconel 52x
zy
Weld deposited passWeld deposited pass
Residual stressesResidual stresses
in FGM in FGM AlAl22OO33/Y-ZrO/Y-ZrO22 ceramics ceramics
Non destructive examination Non destructive examination of residual stresses of residual stresses by neutron diffractionby neutron diffraction
in collaboration with Prof. Van der Biest, KU Leuven, Belgium
Residual stresses in FGM AlResidual stresses in FGM Al22OO33 / Y- ZrO/ Y- ZrO22 ceramicsceramics
Task: high performance hip replacements
all-ceramic bearings
metal femoral stem
FGM FGM AlAl22OO33/Y-ZrO/Y-ZrO22 ceramicsceramics
productionproduction electrophoretic depositionelectrophoretic deposition sintering at 1350sintering at 1350ooC/1hour C/1hour hot isostatic pressing athot isostatic pressing at
13901390ooC/20 min/140MPaC/20 min/140MPa
80 90 100
0
1
2
3
4
5
dept
h/m
m
Al2O
3vol. fraction / %
alumina:alumina: low wear rate, high hardness low wear rate, high hardness
zirconia:zirconia: high strength, high toughness high strength, high toughness
medical applicationsmedical applications hip prosthesis / all ceramics bearingship prosthesis / all ceramics bearings high biocompatibilityhigh biocompatibility high performancehigh performance compressive stress at working surfacecompressive stress at working surface
Lamellar ball-head tested at the neutron diffractometer SPN100
Macroscopic residual stress in the produced ball-headMacroscopic residual stress in the produced ball-head
macroscopic residual stress scanned through the produced lamellar ball-head
0 2 4 6 8
-100
0
100
200
300
stre
ss /
MP
a
x / mm
workingsurface
Macroscopic residual stress in the produced ball-headMacroscopic residual stress in the produced ball-head
Residual stressesResidual stresses
in in highly radioactive materialshighly radioactive materials
Non destructive examination Non destructive examination of residual stresses of residual stresses by neutron diffractionby neutron diffraction
in collaboration with Dr. A. Hojná, NRI Řež, CZ
Residual stresses in highly radioactive materialsResidual stresses in highly radioactive materials
TasksTasks......
characterization of reactor construction materials radiation damage - material degradation during
service monitoring of residual stress level with operation
time and neutron fluence component integrity assessment, support of
operation prolongation
Dedicated shielding container Dedicated shielding container
specimen
shieldingshutter,collimator
linear stage
linear stagesteppingmotor
easy specimen installationeasy specimen installation
in the hot cellsin the hot cells
remote control of beamremote control of beam
shutters and collimatorsshutters and collimators
specimen positioningspecimen positioning
dedicated facility - shielding box, beam shutters, specimen manipulators
Residual stresses in radioactive reactor componentsResidual stresses in radioactive reactor components
In situIn situ tests tests
mechanical propertiesmechanical properties
MATERIAL ANDMATERIAL AND APPLI APPLIED RESEARCH ED RESEARCH @@ NPI NPI ŘEŽŘEŽ
~1 V, 1 5 0 0 A
neutron diffraction profileintensity phase volume fractionposition strain/stresswidth/shape microstrain
Experimental arrangementExperimental arrangement
th erm al n eu tronch a n n el
b ea m sh u tter
m on och ro m a tor sh ie ld in g
sa m p le
h or izon ta lly fo cu sin gm on och ro m a tor
d efo rm a tionm ach in e
p ositio n -sen sitived etec tor
Deformation rig• tensile/compressive tests• maximum loading 20 kN
Multiphase materials• shape memory alloys• transforming steels
• hot air heating system 25C-300oC• el. current heating up to 1000o C
In situIn situ tests @ TKSN400, tests @ TKSN400, NPI ŘNPI Řeežž
TRIP steelsTRIP steels
In situIn situ tests – mechanical properties tests – mechanical properties
in collaboration with Prof. J. Zrník, West Bohemia University, Pilsen
Task: construction materials with well balanced strength and ductility/toughness
Solution: multiphase materials
duplex steels
bake hardening steels
interstitial free steels
Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels
Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels
TRIP steels /transformation induced plasticity/TRIP steels /transformation induced plasticity/
1. phase: polygonal ferrite
2. phase: bainite
Ferrite-bainite (α) matrix (BCC)
Retained Austenite (γ) (FCC)
Strain-Induced Martensite (α’) (BCT)
3. phase: retained austenite
4. phase: martensite
Comparison of the stress/strain behaviours of different types of structural steels
Application of TRIP multiphase steels in automotive industry
bainite(~ 20%)
ferrite (~ 60%)
retainedaustenite (~ 20%)
TRIP steels /transformation induced plasticity/TRIP steels /transformation induced plasticity/
increased plasticity due to phase transformation austenite martensite taking place in deformed steels simultaneously with dislocation plasticity
significant austenite volume fraction necessary
special concept of alloying combined with appropriate thermomechanical treatment
TRIP steels /transformation induced plasticity/TRIP steels /transformation induced plasticity/
austenite (γ) martensite (α’)
(γ) (α’)
intercritical annealing
bainitic holding
water quenching
TRIP steelsTRIP steels
thermomechanical treatment Chemical composition
(wt.%)
Mn 1.45
Si 1.9
C 0.19
Cr 0.07
P 0.02
S 0.02
Ni 0.02
Al 0.02
Nb 0.003
Shape memory alloysShape memory alloys
In situIn situ tests – mechanical properties tests – mechanical properties
in collaboration with Dr. P. Šittner, IoP, Prague
Inter-phase boundary propagation
shape memory effect
Shape memory alloysShape memory alloys
dust detector
MARS Pathfinder
Applications: shape memory effectsensorsactuatorsshock absorberfittings…
superelasicitymedical tools /e.g. cathetrization, laparoscopy/high biocompatibility - stents
Shape memory alloysShape memory alloys
polycrystal, T=295K, =2%
100m
Evolution of:
stresses?
strains?
phase fractions?
in [hkl] oriented grains
2.0 2.1
Mar
tens
ite
Aus
teni
te
d -sp ac in g [A ]
A x ia l
PSD
Axia l
2d sin( )= nhkl
N eu tron b eam
Ten sile stress
Tem p era tu re
Shape memory alloysShape memory alloys
Cal. constants:
S1
111, E1
111 and E2
111
(111) austenite , axial, compression, T=336K
Cal. equations:
G=
111*S1
111=
111*73 718
G=el
G +tr
G =
111*E1
111 + (1-I
111/I
0,111)*E2
111=
111*1.597 + (1-I
111/I
0,111)*0.05
measured calculatedNo.
111 I
111/I
0,111
G
G
1 0 1 0 02 0.0016 0.99 117 .005
Evaluation of stress-strain response of NiTi from in-situ neutron diffraction data
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.030
100
200
300
400
500
600
Str
ess
, G [
MP
a]
Strain, G
calculated G-
G curve
from 111
and I111
using
constants S1
111, E1
111, E2
111
experimental G-
G curve
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.030
2
4
6
8E1
111=1.597
Latti
ce s
train
, 11
1 x
10-3
Strain, G
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.0250.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
E2
111= 0.05
Inte
ngra
l int
ensi
ty I
111/I 0,
111
Transf. strain tr
G=
G-el=
G-E
1*
111
0 100 200 300 400 500 6000
2
4
6
8
S1
111=73718 MPa
Latti
ce s
train
, 11
1 x
10-3
Stress, G [MPa]
Macroscopic stress-strain response of NiTi can be reconstructed from the in-situ diffraction data using 3 calibration constants S1, E1 E2
Ultimate goal:
Nondestructive in-situ evaluation of stress-strain responses from embedded NiTi particles in SMA composites
smart composites
SMAwires
kevlar- epoxy
Pseudoelasticity of NiTi in Pseudoelasticity of NiTi in compresioncompresion
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