manual conversions regional gliding school speed/time/distance speed, time and distance are related...
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Manual Conversions
Regional Gliding School
Speed/Time/Distance
• Speed, time and distance are related by the equation:
Speed = Distance
Time
• Given any two of the three variables, the other can be calculated using this equation.
Regional Gliding School
• Example Speed = Distance Time
Speed/Time/Distance
If distance and time are given, simply place the values in the equation.
Speed = 150 KM
3 HRS
Speed = 50 KPH
Regional Gliding School
Time * Speed = Distance * Time Time
Distance = Speed * Time
Speed/Time/Distance
If speed and time are given, the equation needs to be modified.
• Example Speed = Distance
Time
Multiply each side by the denominatorEliminate common variablesWrite new equation
Regional Gliding School
Distance = Time x Speed
Distance = 3Hrs x 75KPHDistance = 225KM
Speed/Time/Distance
Now that speed and time are given for the simple equation, place the values in the equation.
Regional Gliding School
Speed Conversions
• 66NM = 76 SM
• Knots to MPH Multiply by 1.15
• MPH to Knots Divide by 1.15
• KPH to Knots Multiply by .54
• KPH to MPH Multiply by .62
Regional Gliding School
Time Conversions
• Hours to Minutes Multiply by 60
• Minutes to Hours Divide by 60
Regional Gliding School
The Appleyard Scale
Outside Ring - Distance and Velocity
Inside Ring - Time
All calculations can be done without using the flight computer by using the previous formula:
Velocity = Distance
Time
However the appleyard scale is a simple quick method to convert.
Regional Gliding School
Time Scale
• The number 9 stands for– 9 minutes,
– 90 minutes,
– 900 minutes, etc.
• You must use common sense to figure out which one applies.
• Notice on the time scale under the 9, 1:30 and 15:00 are written. They stand for 90 minutes and 900 minutes respectively.
Regional Gliding School
Distance Scale
• The number 6 stands for– 6 units,
– 60 units,
– 600 units, etc.
• Again, you must use common sense to figure out which
one applies.
Flight Computer
The Appleyard Scale is the same for the CR-3 and E6-B Flight Computer. The CR-3 will be used to show conversions. However, as mentioned above the E6-B can be used as well.
Regional Gliding School
Speed/Time/Distance
• Given– Speed = 120 knots– Distance = 170 NM– Time = ?
• If speed is given, point arrow towards the speed
Regional Gliding School
• Remember that 12 is also 120 and 1200. Any multiple of 10.
• Second, follow the outside scale to 17 for 170NM and read inside scale.
Speed/Time/Distance
Regional Gliding School
• The inside scale will align with 85.
• This number could mean 8.5, 85 or 850.
• Use common sense to calculate correct answer.
Speed/Time/Distance
Regional Gliding School
• Flying at 120 knots or 120 nautical miles per hour for 170 NM means the aircraft will be airborne for 85 minutes or 1 hour and twenty-five minutes.
Speed/Time/Distance
Regional Gliding School
• Let's try a few examples:
Given
Speed = 210 MPH
Time = 40 minutes
Distance = ?
Use the flight computer to calculate.
Speed/Time/Distance
Regional Gliding School
Speed = 210 MPH
Time = 40 min.
Distance = 140 MilesPoint arrow to 210
View reading aligned with 40 min
Answer 140 Miles
Speed/Time/Distance
Regional Gliding School
• Let's try a few examples:
Given
Speed = ?
Time = 90 minutes
Distance = 120 NM
Use the flight computer to calculate.
This one is a little different than before. Give it a try!
Speed/Time/Distance
Regional Gliding School
Speed = 80 knots
Time = 90 min.
Distance = 120 NM
Align 90 min to 120 NMRead speed from pointing arrowAnswer 80 knots
Speed/Time/Distance
Regional Gliding School
Fuel
• Given– Fuel = 8 GPH– Time = 45 minutes– Consumption = ?
• If fuel is given, point arrow towards fuel.
Regional Gliding School
• Remember that 80 is also 8 and 800. Any multiple of 10.
• Second, follow the inside scale to 45 and read outside scale.
Speed, Time, Distance
Regional Gliding School
• The outside scale will align with 60.
• This number could mean 6, 60 or 600.
• Use common sense to calculate correct answer.
Speed, Time, Distance
Regional Gliding School
• Burning 8 GPH or 8 gallons per hour for 45 minutes means the aircraft will consume 6 gallons
Speed, Time, Distance
Regional Gliding School
Conversions
• Many conversions are possible with the flight computerSM To NM
MPH To KPH
US GAL To IMP GAL
LBS To Kg
Regional Gliding School
Conversions
• To convert units simply place known unit under proper location.
• If 170 statute miles are given, place it under the statute mile location.
Regional Gliding School
Conversions
• Once SM is in the correct position, read nautical miles under the NM location.
• Answer = 148 NM
Regional Gliding School
Conversions
• Also, you can read kilometers under the KM location.
• Answer = 271 KM
Confirmation Stage
NOTE: You must use the buttons in the Confirmation Stage
Regional Gliding School
A
B
C
D
Distance
Time
Velocity
Both A and C
Let's try a few review questions on Navigation:
Question #1 - What is on the outside ring of the Appleyard Scale?
NavigationNavigationCR-3 or E6-B Flight ComputerCR-3 or E6-B Flight Computer
I’m afraid that answer is incorrect
Let's try again...
Flying Scholarship Program
I’m afraid that answer is incorrect
Let's try again...
Flying Scholarship Program
I’m afraid that answer is incorrect
Let's try again...
Flying Scholarship Program
Flying Scholarship Program
That answer is correct.
Let's move on...
Regional Gliding School
The Appleyard Scale
Outside Ring - Distance and Velocity
Inside Ring - Time
All calculation can be done without using the flightcomputer by using the following formula:
Velocity = Distance
Time
However the appleyard scale is a simple quick method to convert..
Regional Gliding School
A
B
C
D
90 min
16 min
9 min
1.6 hrs
Let's try a few review questions on Navigation:
Question #2 - If you are flying at a speed of 270 knots for a distance of 74 KM, how long would you be airborne?
NavigationNavigationCR-3 or E6-B Flight ComputerCR-3 or E6-B Flight Computer
I’m afraid that answer is incorrect
Let's try again...
Flying Scholarship Program
I’m afraid that answer is incorrect
Let's try again...
Flying Scholarship Program
I’m afraid that answer is incorrect
Let's try again...
Flying Scholarship Program
Flying Scholarship Program
That answer is correct.
Let's move on...
Regional Gliding School
Answer #2 -
Multiply 74 by .62 = 39.96Knots (rounded to 40 knots)
(You could Also use the flightcomputer to calculate)
Use flight computer tocalculate equation
NavigationNavigationCR-3 or E6-B Flight ComputerCR-3 or E6-B Flight Computer
Distance
Speed
Time
Answer = 9 min
Regional Gliding School
One-in-Sixty Rule
• An error in the track of one degree will cause an error in position of about one mile in a distance of 60 miles.
• Example 3° off track will cause an aircraft to be 3 miles
out to the side.
3°
3 miles
60 miles
Flight Computer
Click on the type of Flight Computer you wish to use for the wind side of the computer.
CR-3 Flight Computer
E6-B Flight Computer
Confirmation Stage
NOTE: You must use the buttons in the Confirmation Stage
Regional Gliding School
NavigationNavigationCR-3 or E6-B Flight ComputerCR-3 or E6-B Flight Computer
A
B
C
D
4 miles
8 miles
12 miles
16 miles
Let's try a few review questions on Navigation:
Question #3 - What distance off track would an aircraft be if it were 4° off course and flew 180 miles without corrective action?
I’m afraid that answer is incorrect
Let's try again...
Flying Scholarship Program
I’m afraid that answer is incorrect
Let's try again...
Flying Scholarship Program
I’m afraid that answer is incorrect
Let's try again...
Flying Scholarship Program
Flying Scholarship Program
That answer is correct.
Let's move on...
Regional Gliding School
One-in-Sixty Rule
• An error in the track of one degree willcause an error in position of about one milein a distance of 60 miles.
• Example 3° off track will cause an aircraft to be 3 miles out to the side.
3°
3 miles
60 miles
Regional Gliding School
NavigationNavigationCR-3 or E6-B Flight ComputerCR-3 or E6-B Flight Computer
Let's try a few review questions on Navigation:
Question #4 - Worksheets
Exercise #1
Exercise #2
Exercise #1 Answer Key
Exercise #2 Answer Key
Regional Gliding School
Congratulations!!
You have now completed the CR-3 or E6-B Flight Computer lesson and the Navigation Module. Of course, this module is always available to you for future reference if required.
You are now ready to move along to the next module you wish. You can advance to the Self Test Module if you feel ready to challenge the final exam.
Good Luck!
NavigationNavigationCR-3 or E6-B Flight ComputerCR-3 or E6-B Flight Computer
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