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MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAMS
2-hour Lesson
Sam Mason, CMfgT, CSTMAuthorized OSHA Trainer
Morehead State University
Safety and Health Pays off
What Return can a S&H program provide?
Improved employee morale, Decreased lost time, Fewer workplace injuries and illnesses, Lower insurance costs, and Safety culture adoption.
These injuries cost society $127.7 billion in 1997, according to the National Safety Council figures.
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/safetyhealth
Management System + S&H Integration
How can safety and health become a part of the way our business runs?
Combine performance standards with S&H standards,
Talk the talk and walk the walk, Top down support, and Bottom up implementation.
Doing a Safety & Health Check Up
What indicators tell me if I’m getting weaker or stronger?
Statistical reports, Opinion surveys, Risk analysis, Periodic inspections,
Daily inspections Checklists
Process improvement initiatives.
Creating Change
What practices are best for assuring lasting success?
Obtain management buy-in. Build trust. Conduct self-assessments. Develop a site safety vision. Develop a system of accountability and measures. Implement recognition and rewards. Provide awareness training. Implement process changes. Continually measure, communicate results and
celebrate successes.
Challenges
How can employers maintain a safe and healthy work environment?
What are the basic provisions of workers’ compensation laws?
What is OSHA and what does it do? What are some of the main health and
safety issues in the workplace?
Introduction
Research indicates benefits to companies
who establish effective worker safety and
health programs: Reduction in the extent and severity of work-
related injuries and illnesses
Improved employee morale
Higher productivity
Lower workers’ compensation costs
Workplace Safety and the Law
Workers’ Compensation Benefits
Injuries or illnesses occurring on the job
Total disability benefits Impairment benefitsSurvivor benefitsMedical expense benefitsRehabilitation benefits
Exemplary Workplaces
Common characteristics of effective safety
and health programs: Assignment of responsibility to managers,
supervisors, and workers
Regular inspections to control hazards
Employee training and orientation for the
recognition and avoidance of hazards
As the size of the workplace increases so does the need for a formalized written program
Program effectiveness more important than “In Writing”
Element taken from the ‘Safety and Health Program Guidelines - 1989’
S & H Program Guidelines
Major Elements
Keys to an effective program: Management commitment and employee
involvement Worksite analysis Hazard prevention and control Safety and health training
Management Commitment Management provides:
Direction and motivation All in
Safety Teams, Safety and Health Leader
Resources Videos
Continual on-site training
Activity control Periodic Safety Plan revisions
Annual Self Inspections
Inspections?
Together federal and state OSHA programs have about 2,500 inspectors to cover more than 100 million workers at 6 million sites.
That's one inspector for every 2,400 worksites and every 40,000 employees.
At a rate of roughly 90,000 inspections per year, OSHA would visit each worksite once every 66 years!
Management Commitment Safety and health policy statement
Clear program goals and objectives
Visible involvement in program from top
management
Leadership Focused
Committed
Management Commitment
Assignment of safety and health
responsibilities
Clear communication of program goals
Management Commitment Provides adequate authority to responsible
personnel
Holds managers, supervisors and employees
accountable for meeting their responsibilities
Management Commitment & Employee Involvement
Complement one another
Management provides the motivating force
and resources for safety and health
programs
Employee involvement provides workers
opportunities to develop and express their
own commitment to the safety and health
program
Employee Involvement
Active role for employees:
Workplace inspections
Hazard analysis
Development of safe work rules
Training of coworkers & new hires
Worksite Analysis
Hazard Identification:
Facilities
Processes
Materials
Equipment
Use professionals that understand the
processes involved
Worksite Analysis
Perform job hazard analysis Break tasks down into elements Identify the hazards in each element Identify control measures and safe work rules
for each element
Worksite Analysis
Identify existing hazards Anticipate hazards where procedures or
operations change
Worksite Analysis
Provide for regular site safety and health inspections
Method for reporting and correcting hazards: Communication of hazards Method for correcting reported hazards Prioritizing work Timeliness Without fear of reprisal
Worksite Analysis
Effective system for:
Accident Investigations
Near Misses
Identify root causes
Contributing factors
Methods for prevention of reoccurrence
Worksite Analysis Plan
Conduct a comprehensive, baseline survey for safety and health and periodic, comprehensive update surveys.
Change analysis of planned and new facilities, processes, materials, and equipment.
Perform routine job hazard analyses.
Conduct periodic and daily safety and health inspections of the workplace.
Worksite Analysis
Analyze injury and illness trends over time: Identify injury type patterns
Identify injury task patterns
Analyze by department
Identify common causes and prevent
reoccurrence
Hazard Prevention and Control Make a determination that a hazard exists
Where feasible, eliminate by job or task
design/redesign
If elimination is not feasible, then control the
hazard: Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Hazard Prevention and Control System for timely correction or control of
hazards
Safe work procedures: Developed from worksite analysis Training Correction of unsafe performance Positive reinforcement Enforcement
Hazard Prevention and Control
Provide for facility and equipment maintenance
Plan and prepare for emergencies: Training and drills
Medical Program First aid Physician and emergency care
Catching Hazards that Escape Controls
After hazards are recognized and controls are put in place, additional analysis tools can help ensure that the controls stay in place and other hazards don’t appear. These other tools include:
Employee reports of hazards Accident and Incident investigations Injury and illness trend analysis
Employee Reports of Hazards Employees play a key role in discovering
and controlling hazards that may develop or already exist.
Establish a reporting system by using Supervisor chain of command, Safety and health committee member Voice mail box Suggestion box
Employee Reports of Hazards An effective reporting system needs:
A policy that encourages employees to report safety and health concerns,
Timely and appropriate responses to the reporting employee,
Timely and appropriate action where valid concerns exists,
Tracking of required hazard correction, Protection of reporting employees from any
type of reprisal or harassment.
Accident/Incident Investigations Another tool to use for uncovering hazards that
were missed All accidents and incidents should be investigated
Even “Near-Misses”
Six questions should be answered Who What When Where Why How
Trend Analysis
Analysis of injury and illness trends over time to identify patterns with common causes so preventative measures can be taken.
Reviewing OSHA Injury and Illness forms 300 and 300A
Looking for similar injuries or illnesses Indicate lack of hazard control
Where it occurred Type of work being performed Time of day Type of equipment
Safety and Health Training How do we know what the hazards
are? floor workers, supervisors, managers,
contractors, and part-time and temporary workers
Safety and Health Training When is training required?
New employee OR Employee is new to the job
Change occurred (chemicals, processes, equipment)
When it is required by a Standard Incident occurs Audit shows is necessary When Requested
Only properly authorized and instructed employees should be allowed to do any job.
Make sure no one does a job that appears unsafe.
Hold emergency preparedness drills. Pay particular attention when new operations
are being learned so that everyone has the proper job skills and awareness of hazards.
Supervisors and managers should be trained to recognize hazards and understand their responsibilities.
Safety and Health Training
The five principles of teaching and learning should be followed to maximize program effectiveness. They are:
Trainees should understand the purpose of the training. Information should be organized to maximize
effectiveness. People learn best when they can immediately practice
and apply newly acquired knowledge and skills. As trainees practice, they should get feedback. People learn in different ways, so an effective program
will incorporate a variety of training methods.
Safety and Health Training
Types of Safety and Health Training Needed:
• Orientation training for site workers and contracts/contractors
• JSAs, SOPs, and other hazard recognition training
• Training required by OSHA standards, including the Process Safety Management standard
• Training for emergency response people
• Accident investigation training
• Emergency drills
Safety and Health Training Effective new employee orientation:
Employee safety and health responsibilities Protective measures Proper procedures for machine operation Understand all safeguards Exits and emergency procedures
Safety and Health Training Who needs it?
New hires, contract workers, employees who wear PPE, workers in high risk
Managers and supervisors Importance of visibly supporting the safety and health
program and setting a good example Company policies and procedures Hazard detection and control Accident investigation Handling of emergencies How to train and reinforce training
Evaluating Safety and Health Training
Reinforcing employee training: Continual feedback Refresher training as needed
If you give a document in Native language, you need to give the training in the Native language
If done correctly, can identify strengths and weaknesses
Keep training records to ensure everyone who should get training does.
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/safetyhealth/mod3.html
Alliances
Enables organizations committed to workplace
safety and health to collaborate with OSHA to
prevent injuries and illnesses in the workplace
OSHA and its allies work together to reach out
to, educate, and lead the nation's employers and
their employees in improving and advancing
workplace safety and health.
Alliance Benefits
Build trusting, cooperative relationships with the Agency.
Network with others committed to workplace safety and health.
Leverage resources to maximize worker safety and health protection.
How Alliances Work
OSHA and the participating organization
must define, implement and meet a set of
short and long-term goals that fall into three
categories:
Training and education
Outreach and communication
Promote the National Dialogue on
Workplace Safety and Health
Getting Started with Alliances For national Alliances, contact OSHA's Office of
Outreach Services and Alliances at 202-693-2340.
For regional or local Alliances, contact the OSHA
regional office for your area.
OSHA Strategic Partnerships
The OSHA Strategic Partnership Program for Worker Safety and Health (OSPP), adopted on November 13, 1998
An expansion of OSHA's experience with voluntary programs.
http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/partnerships/index.html
OSHA Strategic Partnerships
Extended, voluntary, cooperative relationship with groups of employers, employees, and employee representatives
Opportunity to identify a common goal, develop plans for achieving that goal, and cooperate in implementation.
Most are small businesses, with an average employment of 22 workers.
OSHA Strategic Partnerships Many of these partnerships focus on areas
of concern addressed in OSHA's Strategic Plan.
These partnerships are seeking solutions to silica and lead exposures Serious hazards in the:
Nursing home,
Food processing,
Logging, and
Construction industries.
Voluntary Protection Program (VPP)
Designed to recognize and promote effective safety and health management.
In the VPP, management, labor, and OSHA establish a cooperative relationship at a workplace that has implemented a strong program: Management program that meets OSHA criteria Employees participate & work with management OSHA provides public recognition Removal from routine inspections
http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/vpp/index.html
OSHA Consultation Service Free Service:
Find out about potential hazards in the workplace
Improve safety & health management systems
Qualify for one-year exemption from routine inspection
OSHA Consultation Service
Delivered by state governments:
Well trained staff On-site consultation Confidential
Commitment to correcting serious job hazards
http://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/publication.AthruZ?pType=AthruZ#C
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