malacca straits-aids to navigation
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8/2/2019 Malacca Straits-Aids to Navigation
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INTERTANKO ASIAN PANELMEETING 2002
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INTERTANKO ASIAN PANELMEETING 2002
INTERTANKO
ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 COOPERATION WITH REGIONALMARITIME AUTHORITIES....
IS THERE ROOM FOR MORE PLAYERS ?BY
SHIMURA TADASHI GENERAL MANAGER
NIPPON MARITIME CENTER16 RAFFLES QUAY #27-03 HONG LEONG BUILDING
SINGAPORE 048581, SINGAPORE
E-mail : nmc.info@nmc.com.sg
RAFFLES HOTEL, SINGAPORE15th OCTOBER 2002
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INTERTANKO ASIAN PANELMEETING 2002
DISCLAIMER
The opinions herein are expressed
by the author in his private capacity.
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INTERTANKO ASIAN PANELMEETING 2002
PRESENTATION SYNOPSIS
1.0 Characteristics of Malacca/Singapore Straits
2.0 Regional Maritime authorities and their
co-operative efforts in shipping safetyand marine environment protection.
3.0 Recent and further improvements needed
to reduce maritime casualties in the Straits
4.0 Specific details of Japanese Co-operation
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INTERTANKO ASIAN PANELMEETING 2002
1.0 MALACCA STRAITS Depths/Widths
The Usual Route for VLCC’s from Middle East
to East Asia
Northern half has deep water, but Southern
half has a 2-Lane ship routeing system
(known as traffic separation scheme TSS)
It is the longest stretch of such a TSS in the
world, extending 263 sea miles ! Depths on Eastbound Lane are 23.0 metres,
Westbound Lane 16.0 metres
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1.1 MALACCA STRAITS Depths/Widths
Two Deep Water routes in Eastbound Lane where
not possible to have 23.0 metres depth
Average VLCC is 330 metres long.
Large vessels need to navigate between narrowsOne Fathom Bank Beacons (1400 metres)
Takong Beacons (800 metres)
West bound lane Singapore Strait (530 metres)
Once a fully laden VLCC enters the TSS fromwest, she has to complete the passage; there isno turning back !
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1.2 MALACCA STRAITS Passage
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ALL SHIPS PASSING
MUST MAINTAIN 3.5METRES UNDERKEELCLEARANCE (UKC)
Source : Nippon Maritime Center
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1.3 MALACCA AND SINGAPORE STRAITS,Narrow Straits & Strong Tides
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Tidal ‘tail’ of over5 kilometer/hour !
Source : Nippon Maritime Center
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1.4 Oil Dependency in Percentage Terms
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IN KILOTONNES
Consume
1999
Produce
1999
Dependency
1999
Consume
2020
Produce
2020
Dependency
2020
Singapore 21,218 0 100 % 27842 0 100 %
HongKong 11,241 0 100 % 23876 0 100 %
Japan 266,438 746 99 % 288359 0 100 %
Korea 99,913 446 99 % 163045 446 99 %
Vietnam 7,532 15,331-103 %
32238 30,529-5 %
Brunei 428 9,712 -2169 % 1109 11,204 -910 %
Philippines 17,682 41 99 % 36996 1,124 97 %
China 204,291 159,896 21 % 497,249 151,886 69 %
Indonesia46,666 70,053 -50 % 100,023 42,040 58 %
Malaysia 22,231 37,348 -68 % 52,129 32,874 37 %
ChineseTaipei 38,227 44 99 % 51,085 0 100 %
Thailand 33,859 4,138 87 % 73,117 3,560 95 %
Source : APERC
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1.5 Net Oil Imports(>0) and Exports (<0)
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In KILO TONNES 1999 2020 Forecast
Singapore 21,218 27,842
Hong Kong 11,241 23,876
Japan 265,692 288,359
Korea 99,467 162,599
Vietnam -7,799 exporter 30,529
Brunei -9,284 exporter -10,095 exporter
Philippines 17,641 35,872
China 44,395 345,363
Indonesia
-23,387 exporter 57,983Malaysia -15,117 exporter 19,255
Chinese Taipei 38,183 51,085
Thailand 29,271 69,557
Source : APERC
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1.6 MALACCA STRAITS, Shipping Traffic
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206651946815974SUBTOTAL OF TANKERS
593145596743965TOTAL REPORTING TRAFFIC
386493649927991 ALL OTHER TRAFFIC
35%35%36%PERCENTAGE OF TANKERS
308629622473LNG / LPG
142761334311474CRUDE / PRODUCT TANKERS
330331632027VLCC/DEEP DRAUGHT VESSELS
2001
(162)
2000
(153)
1999BASED ON TO VESSEL TRAFFIC
SYSTEM (PER DAY)
Source : MARINE DEPARTMENT PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
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INTERTANKO ASIAN PANELMEETING 2002
1.7 Pre December 1998 (Before Continuous
TSS), Eight COLLISIONS in 2 Months
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Source : Nippon Maritime Center
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1.8 Post December 1998 (After Continuous
TSS), Six COLLISIONS in the last 3 Years
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3
4
5
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New Venture/MaritimeFidelity 1st July 1999
Graceous/Lula 119th October 1999
N Idaman/ Champion Peace 20th
October 2000
Rowan/SingapuraTimur 28th May 2001
Yong Ann 2/B Melawis 223th November 2000
Norgas Discoverer/GreekFighter 15th June 2000
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Source : Nippon Maritime Center
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INTERTANKO ASIAN PANELMEETING 2002
1.9 MALACCA AND SINGAPORE STRAITSSTILL THE BEST OPTION ?
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YES, BECAUSE OF THESE BENEFITS BETTER SURVEYED AND RELIABLE MAPPING
RELIABLE NAVIGATIONAL AIDS, VISUAL AND ELECTRONIC
READILY AVAILABLE EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM
GOOD SUPPORT FACILITIES FOR SHIPPING e.g CREW CHANGE,
BUNKERS, REPAIRS, PORT FACILITIES, TRANSHIPMENT
SHORTER DISTANCE e.g ADEN TO YOKOHAMA
VIA MALACCA STRAIT =6535 miles, 21 DAYS 19 HRS at 12.5kts
VIA SUNDA STRAIT =7165 miles, 23 DAYS 21 HRS at 12.5kts
VIA LOMBOK STRAIT= 7549 miles, 25 DAYS 04 HRS at 12.5kts
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INTERTANKO ASIAN PANELMEETING 2002
2.0 Regional Maritime Authorities
Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore enjoy maritime co-operation
which include the following :
1. Harmonizing key International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Regulations for safe transit through Malacca Straits
2. The Tripartite Technical Experts Group (TTEG) on the Safety of
Navigation in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, 1975.
3. The Standard Operating Procedure for Joint Oil Spill Combat in the
Straits of Malacca and Singapore (SOP), 1984
4. The Agreement for Facilitation of Search of Ships in Distress andRescue of Survivors of Ship Accidents, 1975
5. Various Co-operation under the ASEAN, ASEAN-JAPAN, ASEAN+3,
Framework
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2.1 Recent Improvement to reduce maritimecasualties in Straits of Malacca
Extended Traffic Separation Scheme from OneFathom Bank to Horsburgh since 1st December1998
Mandatory ship reporting scheme for vesselsover 300 gross tonne using the Straits since1st December 1998
Continuous radar coverage in the Malacca and
Singapore Straits since 1st
December 1998 IMO-adopted Rules for Vessels Navigating
through the Straits of Malacca and Singapore
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INTERTANKO ASIAN PANELMEETING 2002
2.2 Recent Improvement to reduce maritimecasualties in Straits of Malacca
Differential GPS stations which allows positionfixing accuracy better than 20 metre,voluntarily established by Malaysia and
Singapore. Continuous listening watch by ships on
appropriate VHF radio channels throughout theStraits
Speed limits at some stretches of the Straitsfor certain vessels.
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INTERTANKO ASIAN PANELMEETING 2002
3.0 Further Improvements that could reduce
maritime casualties in the Straits of Malacca
Several projects including proposed widening of
certain narrow stretches of the Singapore Straits
and further extension of TSS to northern portion
of Malacca Straits, if the ‘Burden Sharing’ proposal
under UNCLOS Article 43 is more widely received
by international community
The International Maritime Organization (IMO)’s
Marine Electronic Highway Project
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3.1 UNCLOS ARTICLE 43
User States and States bordering a straitshould by agreement cooperate:
a) In the establishment and maintenance ina strait of necessary navigational andsafety aids or other improvements in aidof international navigation;
b) For the prevention, reduction and controlof pollution from ships
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4.0 Co-operation with Regional Maritime Authorities
There are several Japanese agencies that extend co-operation in the regional maritime safety and marineenvironment matters. This is not a complete list. Theseseveral organizations are
1. The Nippon Foundation
2. Petroleum Association of Japan
3. Malacca Strait Council
4. The Japan Association of Marine Safety.
5. Japan International Cooperation Agency
6. other Government and Non-Governmental agencies
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4.1 GENERAL
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Source : Nippon Maritime Center
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4.2 GENERAL
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Source : Nippon Maritime Center
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